scholarly journals Associations between Online Hate Victimization and Perpetration

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wachs ◽  
Michele F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

It is well known that victims of violence are more likely than non-victims to be perpetrators, and that perpetrators are more likely than non-perpetrators to be victims. However, the overlap between being the victim of violence and the perpetrator of violence is not well understood when it comes to online hate. An explanatory mechanism in this relationship could potentially be the use of specific coping strategies. We sought to develop a better understanding of the relationship between the victims and the perpetrators of online hate to inform effective intervention and prevention initiatives in the field of media education. Self-report questionnaires on receiving and committing online hate and on technical and assertive coping were completed by 1,480 young people between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.21 years; SD = 1.68). Results showed that increases in being the recipient of online hate were positively related to being a perpetrator of online hate. Technical and assertive coping strategies were negatively related to perpetrating online hate. Furthermore, victims of online hate reported less instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported higher levels of technical and assertive coping strategies, and more frequent instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of technical and assertive coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if they are to be effective, prevention and intervention programs that target online hate should consider educating young people in problem-focused coping strategies.

scholarly journals Associations between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate in Eight Countries: The Buffering Effects of Problem-Focused Coping

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wachs ◽  
Michelle F. Wright ◽  
Ruthaychonnee Sittichai ◽  
Ritu Singh ◽  
Ramakrishna Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Online Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Online hate is a topic that has received considerable interest lately, as online hate represents a risk to self-determination and peaceful coexistence in societies around the globe. However, not much is known about the explanations for adolescents posting or forwarding hateful online material or how adolescents cope with this newly emerging online risk. Thus, we sought to better understand the relationship between a bystander to and perpetrator of online hate, and the moderating effects of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., assertive, technical coping) within this relationship. Self-report questionnaires on witnessing and committing online hate and assertive and technical coping were completed by 6829 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from eight countries. The results showed that increases in witnessing online hate were positively related to being a perpetrator of online hate. Assertive and technical coping strategies were negatively related with perpetrating online hate. Bystanders of online hate reported fewer instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported higher levels of assertive and technical coping strategies, and more frequent instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of assertive and technical coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if effective, prevention and intervention programs that target online hate should consider educating young people about problem-focused coping strategies, self-assertiveness, and media skills. Implications for future research are discussed.

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Trauma Processing in the Relationship Between Empathy and Secondary Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Female Professionals Working With Victims of Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097621
Author(s):  
Nina Ogińska-Bulik ◽  
Zygfryd Juczyński ◽  
Paulina Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Trauma Processing ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

One of the negative consequences of indirect trauma exposure is secondary traumatic stress (STS). Professionals helping victims of violence may be at the risk of STS symptoms development. Both empathy and cognitive processing of trauma seem to be important in this process. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between empathy, cognitive processing of trauma and symptoms of STS in women working with people who have experienced violence trauma. The mediation role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between empathy and STS was also checked. A total of 154 female professionals representing three groups (therapists, social workers, and probation officers) were included in the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 26 to 67 years ( M = 43.98, SD = 10.83). Three standard measurement tools were included in the study: the modified PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Empathic Sensitivity Scale, and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale. Correlational analysis indicated STS to have positive associations (Pearson’s correlation coefficients) with all three aspects of empathy, and three of the five cognitive coping strategies (denial, regret, downward comparison). Mediation analysis performed by the bootstrapping method found strategies of regret and downward comparison to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and empathic concern. The same results were obtained for perspective taking. In addition, the regret and denial strategies mediated the relationship between personal distress and STS. Empathy and cognitive trauma processing may play an important role in STS symptoms development. Preventive programs for professionals helping trauma victims should focus on cognitive processing of trauma and empathy.

Online Sexual Abuse and Symptomatology in Chilean Adolescents: The Role of Peer Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095768
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Guerra ◽  
Gabriela Aguilera ◽  
Constanza Lippians ◽  
Monserratt Navarro ◽  
Makarena Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing Symptomatology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Several authors are studying sexual abuse via the Internet and its consequences. However, the available studies have not sufficiently detected factors that could help reduce the symptoms that victims may experience. Given the importance of peers during adolescence, especially in the online world, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between online sexual abuse, perceived peer support, and internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Three hundred and eighty Chilean adolescents (M = 16.12 years, SD = .52, 49.7% girls, 50.3% boys) responded to a set of self-report instruments. The results showed a relationship between online sexual abuse and depressive symptomatology, as well as self-injurious and antisocial behaviors. In turn, peer support was inversely associated with internalizing symptomatology. Results of the study highlight the relevance of peers as factors in intervention programs for adolescents dealing with online sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Conductas de ciberadicción y experiencias de cyberbullying entre adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuensanta Cerezo ◽  
Pilar Arnaiz ◽  
Ana Maria Gimenez ◽  
Javier J. Maquilón
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Parental Mediation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Level ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Online Addiction ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between young people and technologies implies some risks like online addiction and cyberbullying. This study analyses the use of mobile phones and computers in a sample of adolescents, their online addiction behaviours, and bullying and cyberbullying experiences considering the influence of gender and school level. Parental control during Internet use is also considered. Using a self-report questionnaire, 1353 secondary and high school adolescents between 12-21 years-old participated (<em>M </em>= 14.8; <em>SD</em> = 1.62; 52.8% boys). Results show an average of 1-2 hours daily use of mobile phone and computers. Around 13% of students report online addictions behaviors and 32% are in risk of, with differences by gender and school level. Results indicate more involvement in traditional bullying (12%) than in cyberbullying (7.7%), and a significant association between both behaviors and technologies use. Besides, parental mediation acts as protective factor. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to teach young people and educators about risks regarding excessive use of technology.

scholarly journals Relation between Attachment and Obesity in Preschool Years: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3572
Author(s):  
Ana F. Santos ◽  
Mariana C. Martins ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Kelly K. Bost ◽  
Manuela Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Attachment Quality ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing evidence suggests that attachment plays an important role in obesity. However, few studies examined this relationship in preschool children. This study aimed to systematically examine the empirical, peer-reviewed evidence regarding the relationship between attachment quality and obesity in the preschool years. Using established guidelines, relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and July 2021 was searched through EBSCO. This yielded a total of 1124 records for review. Established inclusion criteria comprised: empirical studies published in peer-review journals; include at least one anthropometric measure and/or food consumption measure. Exclusion criteria comprised: attachment measures not following Bowlby-Ainsworth conceptualization of the construct; children in institutionalized settings; context of severe mental illness, documented substance use disorders, or eating disorders; include only a measure of the psychological aspects of eating; intervention programs. After exclusions, eight studies with a total of 9225 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results support the role of attachment in weight-related outcomes, suggesting that considering attachment in the risk of obesity could contribute to the elaboration of effective prevention and intervention programs. Limitations included the small number of studies, predominately cross-sectional designs, the diversity of methodologies, most samples not including fathers, and lack of evidence about the developmental mechanisms underlying the association between attachment and obesity. More evidence is needed to determine how attachment and obesity are linked, and the potential underlying mechanisms accounting for this relationship.

scholarly journals The upside: coping and psychological resilience in Australian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Beames ◽  
Sophie H. Li ◽  
Jill M. Newby ◽  
Kate Maston ◽  
Helen Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background Since the COVID-19 outbreak, few studies have investigated the positive psychological consequences on young people. This study examined resilience, positive experiences, and coping strategies reported by Australian adolescents during COVID-19. Methods Self-report surveys were administered online to a sample of 760 Australian adolescents aged 12–18 years. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to assess resilience, positive experiences, and coping strategies. Exploratory regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between resilience and demographics and mental illness history, as well as between resilience and positive experiences. Results Overall, adolescents were somewhat resilient (M = 20.93, SD = 8.29). They reported positive experiences during COVID-19, including increased empathy, compassion, gratitude, and connection with others, and reported using a range of active coping strategies. Having a mental illness history and identification as female or non-binary gender were associated with lower resilience (Bs > 2.82, ps < 0.001). Further, resilience was associated with decreased psychological distress (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001) and with increased positive experiences (ORs > 1.03, ps < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that Australian adolescents commonly reported positive experiences and used active coping strategies during COVID-19. Some young people demonstrated higher levels of resilience and were able to make the most out of an unpredictable situation that severely disrupted their daily routine. However, further prospective research using longitudinal methods is necessary to examine causal relationships between variables. An implication of our findings is that resilience-building programs for adolescents may be effective in increasing adaptability after adversity (e.g., climate change, bushfires, pandemics).

scholarly journals Hey Stress, I Stress to De-Stress Me from Distress: A Study on Indian Police Constables

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Vijayadurai J. ◽  
Subburaj A.
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Police Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Objective - What are the work-related issues which contribute to police constables stress? How do police constables get rid of their stress? Because stress and copings are the two most important factors that influence work-related wellbeing. This paper aims to understand the theoretical framework of police stress and coping procedures. The ideas that make up this system can be used in the appraisal, intervention, and assessment of the police stress reaction and the coping forms utilised after stressful situations. Methodology/Technique - 492 Tamil Nadu state police constables were chosen randomly. Information was gathered utilising two self-report questionnaires which include questionnaire related to police stress and coping strategies. Researcher measured the reliability and validity of the multiple-item research scales by analysing the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation analysis investigative the relationship between police stress and coping strategies, it found that it was positive and significant. Further, the researcher used the SEM approach to testing the relationship between police stress and coping strategies. Findings – SEM approach concludes that overall police stress influences self-supported emotional focused coping strategies positively and that overall police stressors have a positive impact on social supported emotional focused coping strategies. Furthermore, there is a positive impact on overall stress and problem-focused coping and avoidant coping strategies. Novelty - The outcomes can be utilised to help researchers and policy makers foresee police work execution and aid government consider police's identity attributes. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Police Stress, Coping Strategies, Active Copings, Emotional Copings, Tamilnadu Police. JEL Classification: J24, J28.

An Exploration Into the Coping Strategies of Preschoolers: Implications for Professional Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Chalmers ◽  
Erica Frydenberg ◽  
Jan Deans
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Age Appropriate

This study aims to explore the coping strategies of preschoolers, by asking 4-year-old children (N = 46) at an early learning centre in Melbourne to describe their coping strategies when dealing with seven age-appropriate challenging situations. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. The results indicated that preschoolers could articulate coping strategies that are theoretically clustered into productive and nonproductive coping styles. The capacity to identify a range of coping strategies related to specific situations has implications not only for theory development, but also for the design of effective prevention and intervention programs to help children more effectively deal with life challenges.

Coping strategies and emotional well-being in children with disease-related pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Failo ◽  
Sarah E Beals-Erickson ◽  
Paola Venuti
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Projective Drawing ◽  
The Relationship

Disease-related pain and the consequences of pain in children and families are important areas for further research inquiry. There are limited data on the relationship between children’s emotional well-being, their experience of pain, and the strategies they employ to cope with pain within the context of serious medical illnesses. Understanding what strategies chronically ill children use to cope with pain and stress is essential for clinical intervention. This observational study examined the ways that children and adolescents with chronic diseases cope with pain and adapt to illness. The data were collected by self-report measures and projective drawing techniques in a novel way to assess the emotional functioning in a mixed cohort of youth with disease-related pain (oncological, rheumatic, and cystic fibrosis). This protocol was administered to 47 children, aged 7–14, recruited from pediatric wards of hospitals of Trento and Rovereto (Italy). The results showed that coping strategies in youth with disease-related pain differed across diagnoses and with self-representations (as part of the self-concept adaptive mode). We also provide evidence of the applicability of using projective drawing methods in assessing coping in youth with chronic illness and associated pain.

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