The information system of monitoring forests and wildfires using the wireless sensor networks

Author(s):  
А.М. Заяц ◽  
А.А. Логачев

Для мониторинга состояния лесов и лесных пожаров принято использовать различные технические наземные, авиационные и космические средства. Однако применение данных средств часто затрудняется отсутствием в лесу доступа к источникам электропитания и информационным сетям. Единственной на сегодняшний день технологией, позволяющей успешно решать задачи мониторинга состояния лесов и лесных пожаров, обеспечивающей длительное использование системы без необходимости замены ее устройств из-за отсутствия энергообеспечения и их технического обслуживания непосредственно в местах развертывания сети, является технология беспроводных сенсорных сетей. Беспроводная сенсорная сеть - это совокупность миниатюрных необслуживаемых распределенных в пространстве вычислительных устройств, которые снабжены сенсорами и приемопередатчиками сигналов, работающих в радиодиапазоне и образующих самоорганизующуюся систему сбора, обработки и передачи информации. Применимо к мониторингу лесов наиболее подходящей топологией беспроводной сенсорной сети является ячеистая топология, в которой все сенсоры обладают функциями маршрутизации. Маршрутизация позволяет обеспечить возможность самовосстановления сетей в случае выхода из строя некоторых сенсоров при лесных пожарах или других негативных воздействиях, что позволяет достаточно быстро переформировать сеть с новой конфигурацией. Информация, собираемая сетью, передается на шлюз, который выполняет координирующие функции по организации работы беспроводной сенсорной сети, и связан с корпоративной сетью с помощью проводной или беспроводной связи. Благодаря способности узлов ретранслировать сообщения, обеспечивается значительная площадь покрытия территории даже при малой мощности передатчиков, поскольку информация передается от одних сенсоров к другим по цепочке, и в итоге ближайшие к узлу сенсоры сбрасывают ему всю аккумулированную информацию. Предлагается использовать геоинформационные технологии, обеспечивающие разработку специализированных решений для визуализации и анализа данных, что позволит пользователю осуществлять оперативный мониторинг лесных территорий и прогнозировать неблагоприятные воздействия, в том числе лесные пожары. Данная информационная система мониторинга лесов и лесных пожаров с использованием беспроводных сенсорных сетей эффективно и с малыми затратами обеспечивает решение задач контроля труднодоступных лесных территорий, устойчива к отказу отдельных узлов по различным причинам, что позволяет использовать и эксплуатировать сеть на лесных территориях с различными ландшафтными, таксационными и антропогенными параметрами. Monitoring of the state of forests and wildfires is common to use a variety of technical ground, air and space assets. However, using these funds is often hampered by lack of access to sources of electricity supply and information networks. The only technology solution of the problem of monitoring forests and wildfires, which provides long-term use of the system without having to change its device due to lack of energy and maintenance directly in the field of network deployment is a wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor network - a set of miniature independent distributed computing devices, which are equipped with sensors and transceivers operating in the radio range and forming a self-organizing system of collecting, processing and transmitting information. Applicable to the monitoring of forests the most appropriate topology of wireless sensor network is a mesh topology in which all sensors have routing functions. Routing provides the possibility of self-healing network in case of failure of some sensors in case of wildfires or other negative influences that allows one to quickly rebuild the network with the new configuration. The information collected by the network is transmitted to the gateway, which performs coordinating functions related to the organization of a wireless sensor network and is connected to the corporate network via a wired or wireless connection. The ability of nodes to relay messages provides significant area coverage area, even at low power transmitters, because the information is transferred from one sensor to another, and finally coming to a gateway sensor and dump all accumulated information. We suggested to use GIS technology to ensure the development of specialized solutions for the visualization and analysis of data, allowing the user to perform real-time monitoring of forest areas and to predict hazards. The information system of forest and wildfires monitoring with the use of wireless sensor networks efficiently and at low cost provides a solution to control tasks for inaccessible forest areas and can be resistant to failure of individual nodes, for various reasons, so it can be used to operate the network in forest areas with different landscape, biometrical and anthropogenic parameters.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-663
Author(s):  
Jianjun Lang ◽  
Qigang Jiang

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of massive small sensor nodes which are located in monitoring region, the target of which is to cooperatively sense, collect and process the information of objects in the coverage area, then send the information to the observer through wireless communication. It can be widely used in military applications, medical treatment, traffic, environment monitoring and so on. Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, which decides how to share the wireless channel, allocates the limited communication resource among nodes and a good MAC protocol can save lots of energy and reduce collision. Firstly the thesis analyzed the research background and the current situation at home and abroad, and then discussed the structural characteristics of wireless sensor networks and other content, in which indicating the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network; Then, the thesis compared and analyzed the MAC protocols of the wireless sensor Network, focusing on competition-based MAC protocol S-MAC protocol in detail. From the shortcomings of the thesis proposed a new study of the improved protocol basing on the random work sleep scheduling mechanism; Finally, the thesis simulated the improving the MAC protocol, showing that the performances of the improved protocol are better than the original in improving energy efficiency, delay, throughput and so on from the analysis of simulation results.


Author(s):  
ER NEETIKA ◽  
SIMARPREET KAUR

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) has become an interesting field of research of the 21st century. It is a type of the wireless ad-hoc network. This has brought about developing low cost, low-power and multi-function sensor nodes. The network life for wireless sensor network plays an important role in survivability. Energy efficiency is one of the critical concerns for wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes are strictly constrained in terms of storage, board energy and processing capacity. For these reasons, many new protocols have been proposed for the purpose of data routing in sensor networks. These protocols can be classified into three main categories: data-centric, location-based and hierarchical. This paper mainly deals with some of the major Energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. First we will discuss the energy-efficient Hierarchical routing protocols in brief along with their important features, objectives, drawbacks and area of application. Finally, we provide a comparison of these various protocols.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.26) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
E Ramya ◽  
R Gobinath

Data mining plays an important role in analysis of data in modern sensor networks. A sensor network is greatly constrained by the various challenges facing a modern Wireless Sensor Network. This survey paper focuses on basic idea about the algorithms and measurements taken by the Researchers in the area of Wireless Sensor Network with Health Care. This survey also catego-ries various constraints in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks data and finds the best suitable techniques for analysing the Sensor Data. Due to resource constraints and dynamic topology, the quality of service is facing a challenging issue in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper, we review the quality of service parameters with respect to protocols, algorithms and Simulations. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Yuxia Shen

<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">In wireless sensor networks, for improving the time synchronization perfromance of online monitoring and application of ZigBee protocol, a scheme is designed. For this objective, first of all, the ZigBee protocol specification is summarized, a profound analysis of the hardware abstraction architecture of TinyOS operating system is made; the advantages of the ZigBee protocol compared with the traditional radio technology are comparatively analyzed. At the same time, the node design block diagram based on CC2430 and related development system is provided. In the TinyOS2.x operating system, we analyze CC2430 application program abstract architecture, and on this basis, give the realization process of program design. The research results showed that we achieve an on-line monitoring system based on ZigBee protocol, which has realistic significance of applying ZigBee protocol in wireless sensor network of electrical equipment online monitoring. Based on the above research, it is concluded that the online monitoring system can collect the temperature parameters of the monitored object in real time that it can be widely applied in wireless sensor networks.</span></span></p>


Author(s):  
Audrey NANGUE ◽  
◽  
Elie FUTE TAGNE ◽  
Emmanuel TONYE

The success of the mission assigned to a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) depends heavily on the cooperation between the nodes of this network. Indeed, given the vulnerability of wireless sensor networks to attack, some entities may engage in malicious behavior aimed at undermining the proper functioning of the network. As a result, the selection of reliable nodes for task execution becomes a necessity for the network. To improve the cooperation and security of wireless sensor networks, the use of Trust Management Systems (TMS) is increasingly recommended due to their low resource consumption. The various existing trust management systems differ in their methods of estimating trust value. The existing ones are very rigid and not very accurate. In this paper, we propose a robust and accurate method (RATES) to compute direct and indirect trust between the network nodes. In RATES model, to compute the direct trust, we improve the Bayesian formula by applying the chaining of trust values, a local reward, a local penalty and a flexible global penalty based on the variation of successful interactions, failures and misbehaviors frequency. RATES thus manages to obtain a direct trust value that is accurate and representative of the node behavior in the network. In addition, we introduce the establishment of a simple confidence interval to filter out biased recommendations sent by malicious nodes to disrupt the estimation of a node's indirect trust. Mathematical theoretical analysis and evaluation of the simulation results show the best performance of our approach for detecting on-off attacks, bad-mouthing attacks and persistent attacks compared to the other existing approaches.


Author(s):  
Smriti Joshi ◽  
Anant Kr. Jayswal

Energy efficiency is the kernel issue in the designing of wireless sensor network(WSN) MAC protocols. Energy efficiency is a major consideration while designing wireless sensor network nodes. Most sensor network applications require energy autonomy for the complete lifetime of the node, which may span up to several years. These energy constraints require that the system be built such that Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. Each component consumes minimum possible power, ensure the average successful transmission rate, decrease the data packet average waiting time, and reduce the average energy consumption. Influencing by the design principles of traditional layered protocol stack, current MAC protocol designing for wireless sensor networks (WSN) seldom takes load balance into consideration, which greatly restricts WSN lifetime. As a novel Forwarding Election-based MAC protocol, is presented to prolong WSN lifetime by means of improving energy efficiency and enhancing load balance.


The emergence of sensor networks as one of the dominant technology trends in the coming decades has posed numerous unique challenges on their security to researchers. These networks are likely to be composed of thousands of tiny sensor nodes, which are low-cost devices equipped with limited memory, processing, radio, and in many cases, without access to renewable energy resources. While the set of challenges in sensor networks are diverse, we focus on security of Wireless Sensor Network in this paper. First, we propose some of the security goal for Wireless Sensor Network. To perform any task in WSN, the goal is to ensure the best possible utilization of sensor resources so that the network could be kept functional as long as possible. In contrast to this crucial objective of sensor network management, a Denial of Service (DoS) attack targets to degrade the efficient use of network resources and disrupts the essential services in the network. DoS attack could be considered as one of th


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4281
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Thanh Dinh ◽  
Younghan Kim

Wireless sensor network (WSN) studies have been carried out for multiple years. At this stage, many real WSNs have been deployed. Therefore, configuration and updating are critical issues. In this paper, we discuss the issues of configuring and updating a wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to a large number of sensor nodes, in addition to the limited resources of each node, manual configuring turns out to be impossible. Therefore, various auto-configuration approaches have been proposed to address the above challenges. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of auto-configuration mechanisms with the taxonomy of classifications of the existing studies. For each category, we discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of related schemes. Lastly, future works are discussed for the remaining issues in this topic.


Author(s):  
Saloni Dhiman ◽  
Deepti Kakkar ◽  
Gurjot Kaur

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of several sensor nodes (SNs) that are powered by battery, so their lifetime is limited, which ultimately affects the lifespan and hence performance of the overall networks. Till now many techniques have been developed to solve this problem of WSN. Clustering is among the effective technique used for increasing the network lifespan. In this chapter, analysis of multi-hop routing protocol based on grid clustering with different selection criteria is presented. For analysis, the network is divided into equal-sized grids where each grid corresponds to a cluster and is assigned with a grid head (GH) responsible for collecting data from each SN belonging to respective grid and transferring it to the base station (BS) using multi-hop routing. The performance of the network has been analyzed for different position of BS, different number of grids, and different number of SNs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Enes Bayrakdar

In this paper, a monitoring technique based on the wireless sensor network is investigated. The sensor nodes used for monitoring are developed in a simulation environment. Accordingly, the structure and workflow of wireless sensor network nodes are designed. Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol has been chosen as the medium access technique to ensure that the designed technique operates in an energy-efficient manner and packet collisions are not experienced. Fading channels, i.e., no interference, Ricean and Rayleigh, are taken into consideration. Energy consumption is decreased with the help of ad-hoc communication of sensor nodes. Throughput performance for different wireless fading channels and energy consumption are evaluated. The simulation results show that the sensor network can quickly collect medium information and transmit data to the processing center in real time. Besides, the proposed technique suggests the usefulness of wireless sensor networks in the terrestrial areas.


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