BELL PEPPER GROWTH AND PRODUCTION AS INFLUENCED BY END-OF-DAY SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT-PRIMING OF TRANSPLANTS

The influence of end-of-day (EOD) supplemental light-priming on pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Keystone Resistant Giant No. 3) transplants was investigated for possible residual growth effects on subsequent plant growth and fruit production. Greenhouse grown pepper transplants were fluorescent light-primed for one hour prior to dusk for three weeks in 1988 and four weeks in 1989 and then transplanted to the field. EOD fluorescent light-priming of pepper plants reduced the height, leaf area, dry weight, fruit number, and fruit weight as compared to non-treated plants prior to first harvest. EOD fluorescent light-priming of pepper transplants had little effect on early and total fruit production. These results suggest that EOD fluorescent light-priming of transplants that affect early pepper growth in the field have little residual influence on subsequent fruit production.

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Growth of sweet pepper plants submitted to water tensions in soil and potassium silicate doses

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 82-88

Author(s):

Alexandre Igor A Pereira ◽

João de Jesus Guimarães ◽

João Victor Costa ◽

Fernando S de Cantuário ◽

Leandro C Salomão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Water ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Resistance Inducers ◽

Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Water stress compromises plant growth. Resistance inducers, such as potassium silicate (K2SiO3), can reduce negative effects of this stress on Solanaceae, Capsicum annuum. Plant height, stem diameter and leaf area may indicate the efficiency of potassium silicate foliarsprayagainst water stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of sweet pepper plants under water stress and K2SiO3 doses. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme in space. The treatments consisted of four soil water stresses: 15 kPa (field capacity), 25 (intermediate value), 35 and 45 kPa (water stress) and three doses of potassium silicate (0, 0.4 and 0.8 L 100 L-1 water), acting as resistance inducers to water stress. The resistance inducer maintained greater heights of the sweet pepper plants, under water stress (35 and 45 kPa) at the initial stage [(20 days after transplanting (DAT)]. Smaller plant diameters were observed at 80 and 100 DAT at 35 and 45 kPa. Sprays using K2SiO3 maintained sweet pepper leaf area with higher values, even under stress condition. The soil water tension from 35 kPa limited, in general, the plant growth. Growth responses in Capsicum annuum to K2SiO3, via foliar spraying, varied according to plant age, as well as the growth parameter considered in this experiment.

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404 Cowpea Cover Crop Mulch Controls Weeds in Transplanted Bell Peppers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.462d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 462D-462

Author(s):

Milton E. McGiffne ◽

Chad Hutchinson

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Production System ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Drip Line ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Bare Ground ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Pepper Plants

A 2-year field project was conducted in Thermal, Calif., on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) mulch as an alternative weed control option in pepper (Capsicum annuum) production. Treatments included a bare ground production system with hand weeding, bare ground with no weeding, a cowpea mulch production system with hand weeding, and cowpea mulch with no weeding. Cowpea was seeded in July in 76-cm beds and irrigated with a buried drip line. In September, irrigation water was turned off to dry cowpea plants. The cowpea plants then were cut at the soil-line to form mulch. Pepper plants were transplanted into mulch and fertilized through the drip line. Every 2 weeks, the number of weeds emerged and pepper plant heights were recorded. In December, fruit production, pepper plant dry weight, and weed dry weight were recorded. Fewer weeds emerged in the cowpea mulch than the conventional bare ground system. At harvest, weed populations in nonweeded cowpea mulch were reduced 80% and 90% compared to nonweeded bare ground for 1997 and 1998, respectively. Weed dry weights in nonweeded treatments were 67% and 90% less than weed dry weights in nonweeded bare ground over the same period. Pepper plants in cowpea mulch produced 202% and 156% more dry weight than on bare ground in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Pepper plants in cowpea mulch produced more fruit weight than in bare ground with similar fruit size. Cowpea mulch provided season-long weed control without herbicides while promoting plant growth and fruit production.

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Regulation of Bell Pepper Seedling Growth with End-of-day Supplemental Fluorescent Light

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.3.487 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 487-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Heather A. Hatt Graham ◽

Dennis R. Decoteau

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Natural Photoperiod

The influence of end-of-day (EOD), supplemental, cool-white fluorescent light on pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Keystone Resistant Giant No. 3) seedling growth and fruit production after transplanting to the field was investigated. Seedlings were exposed to this light source, which is high in the red wavebands, from one (1988) or two bulbs (1989) for 1 hour before the end of the natural photoperiod. Each year control plants were exposed to ambient light and received no supplemental fluorescent light. Before transplanting to the field, seedlings exposed to two bulbs were shorter and had smaller leaves than plants in the control treatment. Supplemental fluorescent light treatment, regardless of number of bulbs, reduced plant height, leaf area, fruit weight, and fruit count at the first harvest. Total fruit production was not affected by supplemental light, suggesting no residual effect of the light treatment during transplant production on total subsequent fruit production.

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Cowpea Cover Crop Mulch for Weed Control in Desert Pepper Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.2.196 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 196-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Chad M. Hutchinson ◽

Milton E. McGiffen

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Drip Line ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Alternative Weed Control ◽

Pepper Plants

A 2-year field project was conducted in Thermal, Calif., to investigate cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] mulch as an alternative weed control option in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production. Treatments included: bare ground (BG) with hand weeding, BG with no weeding, cowpea mulch (CM) with hand weeding, and CM with no weeding. Cowpea was seeded in July on 76-cm beds and irrigated with buried drip line. Two weeks prior to transplanting peppers, irrigation water was turned off to desiccate the cowpea plants. In September, cowpea was cut at the soil line, mulch was returned to the top of the bed, and pepper plants were transplanted into the mulch and fertilized through the drip line. Every 2 weeks, the number of weeds emerged and pepper plant height were recorded. Fruit production, pepper plant dry weight, and weed dry weight were recorded at harvest in December. Fewer weeds emerged in CM than in BG. The final weed population in nonweeded CM was reduced 80% and 90% in comparison with nonweeded BG in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Weed dry weights in nonweeded CM were 67% and 90% less than those in nonweeded BG over the same period. In 1997 and 1998, respectively, pepper plants produced 202% and 156% more dry weight, as well as greater fruit weight, in CM than in BG. There were no differences in mean fruit weight. Cowpea mulch provided season-long weed control without herbicides while promoting plant growth and fruit production.

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Perlakuan Rizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (RPPT) dengan Beberapa Tingkat Kerapatan Inokulum Rizobakteri Terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Cabai Merah Kadaluarsa (Capsicum annuum L.)

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v4i1.6423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 229-238

Author(s):

Dayang Rahmanita Simanjuntak ◽

Halimursyadah Halimursyadah ◽

Syamsuddin Syamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Actinobacillus Suis ◽

Growth Promoting

Abstrak. Biological seed treatment merupakan salah satu perlakuan benih menggunakan mikroorganisme seperti rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis rizobakteri dan kerapatan inokulum yang dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih cabai kadaluarsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis rizobakteri (R) terdiri atas lima taraf yaitu R1: Necercia sp; R2:Bacillus polymixa; R3: Actinobacillus suis; R4: Azotobacter sp; R5: Pseudomonas capacia. Faktor kedua adalah kerapatan inokulum rizobakteri terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu K1: 107 cfu/ml; K2: 108 cfu/ml; K3: 109 cfu/ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan benih menggunakan rizobakteri jenis Necercia sp dengan kerapatan inokulum 108 cfu/ml nyata meningkatkan vigor benih pada tolok ukur indeks vigor yaitu 40% dan Pseudomonas capacia dengan kerapatan inokulum 109 cfu/ml juga merupakan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan berat kering kecambah normal yaitu 69,33 mg.Treatment Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)With Multiple Levels of Rhizobacteria Inoculum Density On Viability and Vigor Of Expired Red Chilli Seeds (Capsicum annuum L.Abstract. Biological seed treatment is one of the seed treatment using microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study aims to determine the type of rhizobacteria and inoculum density that can increase the viability and vigor of expired chili seeds. This research uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the type of rhizobacteria (R) consists of five levels, namely R1: Necercia sp; R2: Bacillus polymixa; R3: Actinobacillus suis; R4: Azotobacter sp; R5: Pseudomonas capacia. The second factor is the density of rhizobacteria inoculum consisting of three levels namely K1: 107 cfu/ml; K2: 108 cfu/ml; K3: 109 cfu/ml. The results of this study showed that the seed treatment using the Necercia sp-type rizobacteria with 108 cfu/ml inoculum density significantly increased the seed vigor on the vigor index benchmark of 40% and Pseudomonas capacia with 109cfu/ml inoculum density was also the best treatment combination in increasing dry weight normal sprout is 69,33 mg.

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Physiological Response of Capsicum annuum L. to Aqueous Extracts of Allelopathic Plants: A Case of Tithonia rotundifolia and Murraya koenigii

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v31i130199 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

O. O. Otusanya ◽

A. A. Ogunwole ◽

M. O. Tijani

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Murraya Koenigii

The present study evaluated the allelopathic potential of fresh shoot aqueous extracts of Tithonia rotundifolia (FSET) and Murraya koenigii (FSEM) on the germination of seeds, growth, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation of Capsicum annuum. The laboratory experimental results showed that seed germination and juvenile seedling growth of C. annuum were significantly retarded by both FSEM and FSET. The radicle growth was more susceptible to the phytotoxicity of both extracts than the plumule growth. Both plants extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of the recipient crop while the FSET was more phytotoxic than FSEM. However, this retardatory effect of aqueous extracts on growth observed in the laboratory was reversed in the soil-cultured experiments such that application of FSEM significantly enhanced all the studied growth parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area ratio, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content in the shoot and percentage crude protein in the shoot and fruits). Likewise, FSET application significantly increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage crude protein accumulation in the shoot and fruits of the recipient crop at P<.05. This study then emphasizes the fact that T. rotundifolia and M. koenigii are allelopathic plants. The increased ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation in the aqueous extract-treated crop could, apart from enhancing the nutritional benefits of the test crop, be an adaptive mechanism evolved by the crop to overcome the allelopathic stress posed by the application of the aqueous extracts. These findings therefore suggest that allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of M. koenigii and T. rotundifolia could serve as biofertilizers for boosting the production of C. annuum.

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Establishment Technique and Rootstock Impact ‘Chambourcin’ Grapevine Morphology and Production in Missouri

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03610-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 248-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew L. Thomas ◽

Jackie L. Harris ◽

Elijah A. Bergmeier ◽

R. Keith Striegler

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Training Method ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Protection Devices ◽

Increased Susceptibility

An evaluation of establishment techniques and rootstocks for ‘Chambourcin’ hybrid grape (Vitis sp.) was conducted 2009–12. Our objective was to evaluate four establishment methods and their interactions with grafted and ungrafted vines in terms of vine morphology and early fruit production under southwest Missouri conditions. The study was established in May 2009, as a factorial experiment comparing four establishment methods (open-trained without protection—two shoots, grow tube protected—two shoots, paperboard carton protected—two shoots, and fan-trained without protection—six shoots) across two vine types (own-rooted and grafted to ‘Couderc 3309’ hybrid grape rootstock). All vines in four of 12 field replications were destructively harvested near the conclusion of the first growing season, with leaf area and total vine dry matter determined. In years 3 and 4, yield, fruit composition, and vegetative growth were determined from the eight remaining replications. The fan training method increased leaf area and total vine dry matter compared with the other methods, but none of the establishment techniques affected fruit yield. Trunks that were tube protected had longer internodes, smaller diameter, and less dry matter, whereas both protection devices reduced glyphosate injury. Vine type (grafted and ungrafted) did not impact total leaf area or dry weight during the establishment year, but grafted vines had increased trunk and root shank dry weights compared with own-rooted vines. Grafted vines produced greater fruit yield in 2012. The fan training method required more labor to execute; although it was successful at increasing leaf area and root dry weight, it increased susceptibility to glyphosate injury and did not promote increased precocity or early fruit yield.

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Influence of NaCl Salinity and Different Substracts on Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrient Assimilation and Fruit Yield of Strawberry

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha3925632 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Asghar RAHIMI ◽

Ali BIGLARIFARD

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Assimilation ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Total Dry Weight

A hydroponic culture was carried out with strawberry cv. Camarosa to investigate the effects of four salinity levels and four different substrates on plant growth, mineral nutrient assimilation and fruit yield of strawberry. Total dry weight accumulation of plants was not inhibited at low salinities, but it was significantly inhibited at 60 mM NaCl. Dry mass (DM) partitioning in NaCl-stressed plants was in favor of crown and petioles and at the expense of root, stem and leaf, whereas leaf, stem and root DM progressively declined with an increase in salinity. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) significantly decreased in cv. Camarosa at 60 and 90 mM. Results also showed that the presence of NaCl in the root medium induced an increase in total Na+ content of the plants in the shoot and root. Despite Na+ and K+, the increase in total inorganic ions resulted from increasing salinity, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations decreasing in shoot and increasing in roots with an increase in salinity. For all micro- and macroelements however, significant concentration changes related to different substrates were not detected in the present experiments. Results also showed a significant decline of Fe content of 40% and 49% in shoot and root, respectively.

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Pre-harvest Foliar Application of Oxalic Acid Improves Strawberry Plant Growth and Fruit Quality

Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology ◽

10.46653/jhst180101035 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 35-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rahee Anwar ◽

Shaista Gull ◽

Muhammad Nafees ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Zahoor Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Root Weight ◽

Promoting Effect

Delicate fruit of strawberry is susceptible to high temperature stress and fungal infection. An extensive spray program is usually adapted to secure yield and fruit quality which sometimes pose a serious threat to consumer health. However, development of eco-friendly, economical and safer strategies has always been in focus of R&D sector. In this study, field-grown strawberry plants cv. Chandler were sprayed with 1, 2 or 3 mM oxalic acid at flowering stage. Interestingly, foliar application of oxalic acid in low doses (1 mM and 2 mM) had more growth-promoting effect on strawberries whereas foliar application of 3 mM oxalic acid either negatively affected or remained ineffective. Low-dose applications of oxalic acid resulted in enhanced nitrogen (1.5-fold), phosphorus (2.5-fold) and potassium (1.75-fold) levels in leaf petioles. Increase in primary macronutrients was also correlated well with enhancement in plant growth indicators including dry biomass (1.5-fold), leaf area (1.7-fold), specific leaf area (2.8-fold) and leaf area ratio (2.6-fold), root weight ratio (1.9-fold), root-to-shoot ratio (1.4-fold). Only, leaf chlorophyll and fresh fruit weight were negatively impacted by oxalic acid. In addition to increase in number of fruits per plant, oxalic acid also improved sensory properties of strawberry fruits mainly due to increase in sugar: acid ratio (1.6-fold), ascorbic acid contents (1.2-fold) and non-reducing sugars (2-fold). Overall, foliar application of 1 mM oxalic acid favoured vegetative growth and enhanced yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Chandler.

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Effects of Pinching, Number of Cuttings per Pot, and Plant Growth Regulators on Height Control of Purple Firespike

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.25.1.71 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Rezazadeh ◽

Richard L. Harkess

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Height Control ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Purple firespike (Odontonema callistachyum), native to Central America, has potential for use as a new flowering potted plant. The effects of number of pinches (zero, one, or two) and number of cuttings (one, two, or three) per 6-inch pot were evaluated on the control of plant height. Plant height was suppressed as the pinch number increased. The greatest reduction was recorded with one cutting per pot and two pinches. The maximum number of branches per pot was recorded with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. In a second experiment, plant growth regulators (PGR) were also tested for efficacy of height control; 2 weeks after pinching, foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, chlormequat, and a tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat or media drenches of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, or flurprimidol were applied. Plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry weight were recorded at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after PGR application. Maximum height control was obtained with uniconazole drench at 8 ppm, resulting in plants 22 cm tall, 61% shorter than the untreated control (56 cm); however, it resulted in severe leaf distortion. Plant height was 56% and 46% shorter than the control using drenches of paclobutrazol at 30 ppm and flurprimidol at 15 ppm, respectively. Daminozide spray at 2000 ppm and tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat at 4500/1500 ppm suppressed stem elongation by 20.3% and 19%, respectively. Plants treated with paclobutrazol drench at 30 ppm reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight compared with other PGRs. Chlormequat spray at tested concentrations was ineffective for controlling firespike plant growth. The most attractive potted plants were produced using a drench application of paclobutrazol at 10 or 15 ppm.

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