scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF CITRUS CONVERTED FROM FLOOD TO A PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 639a-639
Author(s):  
B.R. Gardner ◽  
R.L. Roth ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
N Rates

A study was conducted during four seasons to evaluate the nutrient requirements of `Valencia' oranges converted from flood to a pressurized spray irrigation system. The experiment was a 3×2×2 factorial with 3 N rates (0.34, 0.68, and 1.36 kg/tree/year), 2 P rates (0 and 0.11 kg/tree/year) and with and without added micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu). There were no growth or yield responses to micronutrients. Phosphorus fertilization increased fruit yield, improved juice quality, and reduced peel thickness. There were trends for N to reduce juice quality and increase peel thickness when P fertilizer was not added. Tree growth increased by N fertilization only the first season after conversion. Fruit yield also increased by N but only when P was added. Leaf tissue N concentrations increased with time during the first two years within N treatments. These data suggest that the higher rates of N may only be needed initially after conversion as the tree roots adapt to the new irrigation system.

scholarly journals Optimizing N Fertilization to Improve Yield, Technological and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Grown in High Fertility Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alfonso Pentangelo ◽  
Mario Parisi
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Rates

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.

scholarly journals Potassium Source and Rate for Polyethylene-mulched Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
G.J. Hochmuth ◽  
S.M. Olson ◽  
R.C. Hochmuth ◽  
A.A. Csizinszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown with polyethylene mulch at five locations during a total of nine seasons to evaluate the effects of K source and K rate on fruit yield and leaf K concentration with drip and subsurface irrigation. K sources evaluated were KCl, K2SO4, and KNO3, and K rates varied from 0 to 400 kg·ha-1. Preplant soil K concentrations by Mehlich-1 extraction on the sandy soils and loamy sands used in the study varied from 12 mg·kg-1 (very low) to 60 mg·kg-1 (medium). In seven of the eight studies, K source did not significantly influence fruit yield or leaf K concentration. In the other study with subsurface irrigation at Bradenton in Spring 1992, marketable yields were significantly higher with KNO3 than with KCl as the K source. Tomato fruit yield responded to the application of K in all studies. At Gainesville, Quincy, and Live Oak, with drip irrigation on soils testing low to medium in K, maximum yields were produced with 75 to 150 kg·ha-1 K where the K was broadcast preplant. These rates were 25% to 30% higher than those predicted by soil test. At Bradenton and West Palm Beach on soils testing low to very low in K, where all or part of the K was applied in double bands on the bed shoulder with subsurface irrigation, yield responses were obtained to 225 to 300 kg·ha-1 K. These rates exceeded the maximum recommended K rate of 150 kg·ha-1. Tomato leaf tissue K concentrations increased linearly with increased rates of K application, but were not influenced by K source. These data suggest that the recommendation for K on soils testing low in K be increased from 150 to 210 kg·ha-1 and that this increase should suffice for tomatoes grown with either drip or subsurface irrigation.

scholarly journals Nitrogen, Calcium, and Magnesium Inconsistently Affect Tree Growth, Fruit Yield, and Juice Quality of Huanglongbing-affected Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eduardo Esteves ◽  
Gabriel Maltais-Landry ◽  
Flavia Zambon ◽  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Davie M. Kadyampakeni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
N Rates

The bacterial disease Huanglongbing (HLB) has drastically reduced citrus production in Florida. Nutrients play an important role in plant defense mechanisms and new approaches to manage the disease with balanced nutrition are emerging. Nutrients like nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) could extend the productive life of affected trees, although interactions among these nutrients in HLB-affected citrus trees are still unclear. A 2-year study was established in Florida to determine the response of HLB-affected trees to applications of N, Ca, and Mg. The study was conducted with ‘Valencia’ trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) rootstock on a Candler sand. Applications of N at 168, 224 (recommended rate), and 280 kg⋅ha−1 N were used as the main plots. Split-plots consisted of a grower standard treatment receiving only basal Ca (51 kg⋅ha−1) and Mg (56 kg⋅ha−1); supplemental Ca (total Ca inputs: 96 kg⋅ha−1) only; supplemental Mg (total Mg inputs: 101 kg⋅ha−1) only; and supplemental Ca (total Ca inputs: 73.5 kg⋅ha−1) and Mg (total Mg inputs: 78.5 kg⋅ha−1). The following variables were measured: tree size, fruit yield, and juice quality. Although some differences in tree growth among treatments were statistically significant (e.g., greater canopy volume with Mg fertilization at 168 kg⋅ha−1 N), there was no clear and consistent effect of plant nutrition on these variables. Fruit yield was higher with Ca and Mg relative to the grower standard at the lowest N rate in 2020, and there were no other statistically significant differences among treatments. Juice acidity was significantly higher with Mg fertilization relative to other treatments in 2019. As N rates had no significant effect in this study, unlike secondary macronutrients, N rates could potentially be reduced to 168 kg N⋅ha−1 in HLB-affected citrus without affecting vegetative growth, fruit yield, and juice quality. However, this will require optimizing the supply of secondary macronutrients and all other nutrients to develop a balanced nutritional program. Ultimately, the effects of N, Ca, and Mg obtained in this 2-year study should be confirmed with longer-term studies conducted at multiple sites.

scholarly journals Reduced Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Rates for Intermediate-day Onion in Paddy Soil with Incorporated Rice Straw plus Manure

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongtae Lee ◽  
Jinseong Moon ◽  
Heedae Kim ◽  
Injong Ha ◽  
Sangdae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
N Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply on the growth and nutrient uptake of intermediate-day onions (Allium cepa L.) was investigated in a double cropping system of rice and onion in which rice straw had been annually applied. The experiment consisted of three sets of treatments: N (0, 120, 240, 360 kg·ha−1 N), P (0, 18, 35, 52 kg·ha−1), and K (0, 67, 133, 200 kg·ha−1) with the addition of 8.0 t·ha−1 of decomposed pig manure. The rice straw was incorporated with tillage after harvest. Foliage weight of the onion plant was affected by N rate on 21 Apr. and on 23 May. Bulb weight was also influenced by N rate on 23 May and at harvest. The only difference (P ≤ 0.05) in onion yield was observed between the zero N rate and all the other N levels. Soil pH was correlated with rate of N fertilization. Soil NO3-N for 240 and 360 kg·ha−1 N rates ranged from 36.6 to 113.7 and 49.9 to 148.6 mg·kg−1, respectively, which was at least twice as high as that at 120 kg·ha−1 N rate. The highest fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen was 36.0% at 120 kg·ha−1 followed by 240 kg·ha−1 at 28.0% and 360 kg·ha−1 at 20.6%. There was no clear effect of P or K rates on P or K concentration in the onion bulbs. K concentration and uptake in the onion leaf tissue increased with higher K rates. In conclusion, compost and rice straw provided sufficient P and K to grow onions without additional P and K fertilizer, and under these conditions, the fertilizer level of 120 kg·ha−1 N produced as much onion bulb yield as higher N levels.

scholarly journals Densely Planted Okra for Destructive Harvest: III. Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1370-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Yaying Wu ◽  
Niels O. Maness ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Richard W. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
N Rates

Research was conducted to develop a cultural system that would permit a destructive mechanical okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] harvest. Okra grown at a highly dense (HD) plant population of 25 × 23 cm and destructively harvested by machine was compared with control plants spaced at 90 × 23 cm and repeatedly and non-destructively harvested by hand. The control N fertilization regime was 45 kg·ha-1 of N preplant, followed by one or two topdressings, each with 22 kg·ha-1 of N. Treatments applied to HD plots were designed to be multiples of the control N fertilization levels. Preplant fertilizer was added such that the sum of residual soil N plus the added fertilizer would total to 45, 90, or 135 kg·ha-1 of N for the standard, intermediate, and highest rates, respectively. Topdressing rates were 22, 44, or 66 kg·ha-1 of N for standard, intermediate, and highest, respectively. Topdressing was timed to follow a mechanical harvest of the HD plots. Since there was only one mechanical harvest in the two 1995 studies, topdress N treatments did not affect yields from mechanical harvest in that year. Nitrogen treatments had few effects on fruit yield per hectare of HD okra, even when stem N concentrations equaled or exceeded those of control plants. The highest N rate tended to delay fruit production. Increasing N rates did not affect the marketable fruit yield obtained by mechanical harvest of HD plants expressed as a percentage of the total cumulative marketable fruit yield from control plants. Physiological factors appear to be limiting the potential for densely planted okra in a destructive mechanical harvest system rather than horticultural factors such as N nutrition.

scholarly journals In-row Distances and Nitrogen Fertilization Programs for ‘Tasti-Lee’ Specialty Tomato

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
Maricruz Ramírez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total N ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates

‘Tasti-Lee’™ (‘Fla. 8153’) is the first tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) released in Florida exclusively for the premium specialty market, with characteristic superior flavor and elevated lycopene concentration. Research was conducted to determine the appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization and in-row distances for ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato and thus improving the opportunities for successful adoption for this cultivar. Three N fertilization programs and two in-row distances were tested. Total N rates (204, 239, and 274 lb/acre) were the result of the combination of 50 lb/acre of N during prebedding plus each of the following drip-applied N fertilization programs: 1) 1.5 and 2.0 lb/acre per day from 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively; 2) 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT; and 3) 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively. In-row distances were 18 or 24 inches between plants, providing 5808 and 4356 plants/acre. Early and total marketable yields of ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato were influenced by in-row distances and N fertilization programs, but not by their interaction. The highest early marketable fruit yield was found in plots treated with the highest N rate among fertilization programs (+6%), and in plots planted 18 inches apart (+7%) in comparison with the lowest N rate and the 24-inch spacing. Tomato plots treated with the highest N rate (274 lb/acre) resulted in the largest total marketable yield (+8%). Among the in-row distances, when plants were transplanted 18 inches apart, tomato total marketable yield increased by 18% compared with 24 inches between plants.

scholarly journals Growth, mineral composition, fruit yield, and mycorrhizal colonization of feijoa in response to lime and phosphorus application

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Karine Louise dos Santos ◽  
Murilo Dalla Costa ◽  
Marlise Nara Ciotta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of liming and phosphorus fertilization on the growth, mineral composition of the leaves, fruit yield, and mycorrhizal colonization of young feijoa (Acca sellowiana) plants. Treatments consisted of four liming levels - 0, 25, 50, and 100% of the dose required to raise the soil pH to 6.5 - and of five levels of P - 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 P2O5 -, placed in a randomized complete block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. The orchard was established in 2010 with the Helena cultivar. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, plant growth was evaluated by measuring trunk perimeter, plant height, and tree canopy width. Mineral composition of the leaves, regarding P, N, K, Ca, and Mg contents, was assessed annually. Mycorrhizal colonization was evaluated in 2012, and fruit yield was determined in 2014. No interaction was observed between the studied factors. P contents had no effect on the evaluated variables. Liming, however, increases plant growth, mycorrhizal colonization, fruit yield, and Ca and Mg leaf contents, besides reducing K leaf contents.

scholarly journals Fruit yield and composition in orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' in response to nitrogen fertilization in Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
◽  
Cesar Cella ◽  
Alcione Miotto ◽  
Eduardo Girotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: Little is known about the impact of N fertilization on fruit production and composition in orange groves grown in soils with low or medium organic matter content in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This study aimed to evaluate how N fertilization of orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' in a sandy soil may interfere in fruit yield and composition of fruit and juice. The experiment was conducted with orange trees cv. 'Lane Late' growing in Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil, in Rosário do Sul (RS). The plants received applications of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160kg N ha-1. Total N in leaves, number of fruits per plant, yield, fresh weight, fruit diameter, peel thickness, percentage of fruit juice, peel color, juice color, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity were evaluated in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 crops. In the first crop, especially yield, number of fruits per plant, TSS content in fruit juice and ratio decreased with increasing N rate applied. However, in the second crop, the total titratable acidity of the fruit juice prominently increased with the dose of N applied. In both crops, results were highly influenced by rainfall distribution, which affect the plant physiology, soil N dynamics and, consequently, probability of response to N applied and the loss of mineral N in the soil.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

N credit of soybean to a following corn crop in central Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ding ◽  
D. J. Hume ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Grain

Field studies were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) when soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) preceded corn (Zea mays L.) in the rotation (S-C), compared to corn preceding corn (C-C). Large, replicated blocks of soybean and corn were established in 1993 and 1994 near Elora, Ontario. In the following year, each large block was subdivided into smaller plots. Fertilizer N was applied at six rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 to the second-year corn crop. Corn grain yield responses to fertilizer N were fitted by quadratic regression. Maximum economic rate of N was calculated for each crop sequence and NFRV's were determined. Corn yields were consistently higher when grown after soybean (S-C) than after corn (C-C). Maximum corn yields were 10.4 and 12.3 Mg ha−1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. NFRVs for S-C, compared to C-C, were 41 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the two years. As a result of these studies and numerous other experiments, recommended fertilizer N rates have been changed to 30 kg N ha−1 less for S-C than for C-C in central Ontario. Key words: Nitrogen credit, corn, soybean, fertilizer N, replacement value, crop rotation

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