scholarly journals SWEETPOTATO FLAVOR - EXISTING STATUS AND FUTUREOUTLOOK

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 262A-262
Author(s):  
J. Kays ◽  
Wayne J. McLaurin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Chemistry ◽  
Staple Crops ◽  
Baked Potato ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of

Flavor is a primary trait in the selection of foods. The role of flavor in acceptance of the sweetpotato, flavors status as a selection trait in existing breeding programs, and our current understanding of the flavor chemistry of the sweetpotato was reviewed. The sweetpotato, unlike most staple crops, has a very distinct and dominant flavor. In typical breeding programs, however, flavor is generally one of the last traits screened. A tremendous diversity and range of flavors has been reported within the sweetpotato germplasm (e.g., acidic, bland, baked potato, boiled potato. carrot, chalky, chemical, citrus, earthy, Ipomoeo/terpene, lemon, musty, pumpkin, salty, squash (titer type), starchy, sweet, sweetpotato (traditional), terpene, and turnip. These results indicate that the genetic diversity for flavor present in sweetpotato germplasm will allow making substantial changes in the flavor of new cultivars, thus potentially opening previously unexploited or under-exploited markets. Implementation involves solving two primary problems: 1) identification of desirable flavor ideotypes; and development of procedures that allow maximizing the selection of specific flavor types.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Avena sativa L. Varieties as an Example of a Narrow Genetic Pool of Contemporary Cereal Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Krystyna Werwińska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

The assessment of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is a very important element of breeding programs. This allows the determination of the level of genetic differentiation of cultivated varieties, their genetic distinctiveness, and is also of great importance in the selection of parental components for crossbreeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of oat varieties currently grown in Central Europe based on two marker systems: ISSR and SCoT. The research conducted showed that both these types of markers were suitable for conducting analyses relating to the assessment of genetic diversity. The calculated coefficients showed that the analyzed cultivars were characterized by a high genetic similarity. However, the UPGMA and PCoA analyses clearly indicated the distinctiveness of the breeding programs conducted in Central European countries. The high genetic similarity of the analyzed forms allow us to conclude that it is necessary to expand the genetic pool of oat varieties. Numerous studies show that landraces may be the donor of genetic variation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity in 19 Glycine max (L.) Merr. accessions included in the Czech National Collection of soybean genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baránek ◽  
M. Kadlec ◽  
J. Raddová ◽  
M. Vachůn ◽  
M. Pidra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism ◽  
Selection Of

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate both genetic diversity among 19 soybean accessions included in the Czech National Collection of Soybean Genotypes and their potential as a new source of genetic variations for soybean breeding programs. Only 22 of all the 40 random primers used in RAPD reactions showed polymorphism acceptable for an effective characterisation of these accessions. Altogether 122 highly reproducible RAPD fragments were generated, 55 of them were polymorphic (46%). However, because of the previously observed low degree of RAPD polymorphism in the case of Glycine max, fragments with low level of informativeness were evaluated, too. Presented results enable the selection of genetically distinct individuals. Such information may be useful to breeders willing to use genetically diverse introductions in soybean improvement process. 

Analysis of genetic diversity within Australian lucerne cultivars and implications for future genetic improvement

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Musial ◽  
K. E. Basford ◽  
J. A. G. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is autotetraploid, and predominantly allogamous. This complex breeding structure maximises the genetic diversity within lucerne populations making it difficult to genetically discriminate between populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of random genetic diversity within and between a selection of Australian-grown lucerne cultivars, with tetraploid M. falcata included as a possible divergent control source. This diversity was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Nineteen plants from each of 10 cultivars were analysed. Using 11 RAPD primers, 96 polymorphic bands were scored as present or absent across the 190 individuals. Genetic similarity estimates (GSEs) of all pair-wise comparisons were calculated from these data. Mean GSEs within cultivars ranged from 0.43 to 0.51. Cultivar Venus (0.43) had the highest level of intra-population genetic diversity and cultivar Sequel HR (0.51) had the lowest level of intra-population genetic diversity. Mean GSEs between cultivars ranged from 0.31 to 0.49, which overlapped with values obtained for within-cultivar GSE, thus not allowing separation of the cultivars. The high level of intra- and inter-population diversity that was detected is most likely due to the breeding of synthetic cultivars using parents derived from a number of diverse sources. Cultivar-specific polymorphisms were only identified in the M. falcata source, which like M. sativa, is outcrossing and autotetraploid. From a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis, it was clear that M. falcata was distinct from the other cultivars. The results indicate that the M. falcata accession tested has not been widely used in Australian lucerne breeding programs, and offers a means of introducing new genetic diversity into the lucerne gene pool. This provides a means of maximising heterozygosity, which is essential to maximising productivity in lucerne.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity assessment of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm using ssr markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahasanul Hoque ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Lutful Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Diversity at molecular level among thirty rice genotypes, selected based on earliness and morphometric diversity was evaluated through five SSR markers associated with days to heading. Three primers viz., RM147, RM167 and RM215 showed polymorphism for growth duration related traits. A total of 17 alleles were detected among the 30 rice genotypes with an average of 5.66 alleles per locus. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.356 to 0.798 with an average of 0.543. A dendrogram based on total microsatellite polymorphism grouped 30 genotypes into four major clusters at 0.39 similarity coefficient differentiating early maturing genotypes from others. This information about the genetic diversity will be very useful for proper identification and selection of appropriate parents for future breeding programs, including gene mapping. The results also showed that microsatellite markers associated to genes or QTLs controlling growth duration properties are suitable tools for marker assisted selection (MAS) to select rice lines with short growth duration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22354 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.1(1): 37-46, Dec 2014

Genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Lawson ◽  
RJ Henry ◽  
JK Kochman ◽  
GA Kong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Selection Of

A cross-section of sunflower genotypes grown in Australia including commercial cultivars (Suncross 40R, Hysun 33, Hysun 45CQ, Advance, DK3873), breeding lines (Sunfola, S37- 388, PhRR3, HA-R2, MC29, MC69, S37-388RR), wild sunflower varieties (H. annuus, H. argophyllus), a distantly related species (Tithonia diversifolia), and a hexaploid/diploid cross (H. tuberosus L.x H. annuus L.) were assessed for genetic diversity using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. A considerable amount of polymorphism was revealed. Of the total of 158 markers amplified, 133 were polymorphic for at least one pair-wise comparison within the 16 genotypes. Overall, 33% dissimilarity was detected, with an average of 27% dissimilarity revealed among the hybrids and breeding lines, which exhibited 38% dissimilarity to the wild varieties H. annuus and H. tuberosus, and 51% dissimilarity to Tithonia and H. tuberosus x H, annuus. PCR of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene spacer region did not reveal any polymorphisms among the cultivated and breeding lines, but did distinguish between H. tuberosus and the other wild species. This survey of a selection of sunflower genotypes indicates that the genetic base of domesticated sunflower may be quite wide. These results suggest that RAPD methodology will provide an efficient tool for the analysis of the sunflower genome, in particular in breeding programs.

High genetic diversity, distant phylogenetic relationships and intraspecies recombination events among natural populations of Yam mosaic virus: a contribution to understanding potyvirus evolution

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bousalem ◽  
E. J. P. Douzery ◽  
D. Fargette
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Selection Of

To evaluate the genetic diversity and understand the evolution of Yam mosaic virus (YMV), a highly destructive pathogen of yam (Dioscorea sp.), sequencing was carried out of the C-terminal part of the replicase (NIb), the coat protein (CP) and the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of 27 YMV isolates collected from the three main cultivated species (Dioscorea alata, the complex Dioscorea cayenensis–Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea trifida). YMV showed the most variable CP relative to eight other potyviruses. This high variability was structured into nine distant molecular groups, as revealed by phylogenetic analyses and validated by assessment of the molecular evolutionary noise. No correlation was observed between the CP and 3′-UTR diversities and phylogenies. The most diversified and divergent groups included isolates from Africa. The remaining groups clustered in a single clade and a geographical distinction between isolates from the Caribbean, South America and Africa was observed. The role of the host in the selection of particular isolates was illustrated by the case of a divergent cultivar from Burkina Faso. Phylogenetic topological incongruence and complementary statistical tests highlighted the fact that recombination events, with single and multiple crossover sites, largely contributed to the evolution of YMV. We hypothesise an African origin of YMV from the yam complex D. cayenensis–D. rotundata, followed by independent transfers to D. alata and D. trifida during virus evolution.

scholarly journals Parasexuality of Candida Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Anja Forche ◽  
Matthew Z. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Role

While most fungi have the ability to reproduce sexually, multiple independent lineages have lost meiosis and developed parasexual cycles in its place. Emergence of parasexual cycles is particularly prominent in medically relevant fungi from the CUG paraphyletic group of Candida species. Since the discovery of parasex in C. albicans roughly two decades ago, it has served as the model for Candida species. Importantly, parasex in C. albicans retains hallmarks of meiosis including genetic recombination and chromosome segregation, making it a potential driver of genetic diversity. Furthermore, key meiotic genes play similar roles in C. albicans parasex and highlights parallels between these processes. Yet, the evolutionary role of parasex in Candida adaptation and the extent of resulting genotypic and phenotypic diversity remain as key knowledge gaps in this facultative reproductive program. Here, we present our current understanding of parasex, the mechanisms governing its regulation, and its relevance to Candida biology.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasyid Tolangara ◽  
ALOYSIUS DURAN COREBIMA ◽  
ABDU MAS’UD ◽  
SUNDARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Citrus Spp ◽  
Molecular Characters ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Tolangara A, Corebima AD, Mas'ud A, Sundari. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 21: 1908-1913. One effort to build the image of Indonesian lemon can be by utilizing local genetic resources of Citrus spp. One of the growth centra lemon regions in North Maluku is Ternate Island. In Ternate island, cui (C. macrocarpa) is dominantly cultivated besides that there are Suanggi (C. histryx), nipis (C. aurantiifolia), and lemon (C sinensis). The genetic diversity of these local lemons in North Maluku, especially in Ternate, has not been scientifically reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of local lemons found on the island of Ternate based on morphological character and RAPD molecular analyses. A total of 12 accessions of local lemons in Ternate island to studied for morphological and molecular characters. Observation of morphological and morphometric characters of the lemons on 117 characters of vegetative and generative organs in lemons. Observation of molecular characters using three primers, i.e.: OPA1, OPA 2, and OPA 3 in the RAPD technique. The morphological character and molecular character using UPGMA analysis showed similar results. Ternate Island has moderate diversity of lemon species (75% based on morphological characters and 73% based on RAPD markers). Cluster analysis indicates that cui (C. macrocarpa) has the most distinctive autapomorphic character compared to the other local lemon varieties. Nipis (C.auratiifolia) and Suanggi (C. hystrix) shared 75% synapomorphic character similarity. This genetic diversity information provides a novel insight into the lemon commodity breeding programs which can be encouraged through the selection of superior local lemons based on morphological and molecular markers.

Genetic diversity analysis among selected short duration chickpeacultivars and breeding lines based on STMS markers.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Asma Koinain ◽  
V S Hegde ◽  
C . Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stms Markers

Genetic diversity among 30 chickpea genotypes was evaluated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The studies using Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) markers markers revealed that among the primers used across the genotypes produced a total of 35 alleles representing 21 SSR loci with frequencies ranging from one to two (mean 1.66) alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.098 to 0.500 (CAM0443, CAM0446). These primers might be an effective and useful tool to determine the genetic differences among chickpea genotypes and to study the phylogenetic relationships. Polymorphic percentage was 96.42. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching similarity matrix resolved the 30 genotypes into seven clusters. Based on STMS markers highest similarity index 0.850 was observed between BGD 72 and Annigeri-1whereas BGD 9920 and ICC 92944 showed the lowest similarity index 0.214 between them. The STMS clustering pattern indicated the presence of wide genetic diversity between the genotypes. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprinting for identification of cultivars.

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