scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HYDROGENCY ANAMIDE ON BUDBREAK OF TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS IN SOUTHWEST ARIZONA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 742b-742
Author(s):  
Marvin D. Butler ◽  
Robert E. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Early maturity is of major importance to table grape producers in Arizona and the California desert. However, table grapes in this region often experience a delayed and erratic budbreak thought to be due to a lack of chilling. The influence of three rates of hydrogen cyanamide on budbreak timing and uniformity was evaluated at a commercial vineyard near Dateland, Ariz., during the 1984-85 season. Treatments were made to three table grape cultivars over three application dates. Additional research to evaluate possible interaction between time of pruning and application of hydrogen cyanamide was conducted during 1985-86. Of the three application rates evaluated, the 5% solution provided optimal results, inducing a greater total number of buds to break for perlette and flame seedless cultivars than nontreated plots. Early application resulted in a significantly earlier but extended budbreak; later applications were more dramatic and uniform. Budbreak was accelerated by 1 to 2 weeks for perlette, and up to 2 to 3 weeks for flame seedless and Thompson seedless cultivars. Hydrogen cyanamide applications also had a positive influence on earliness of blossom and percent soluble solutes at harvest. Pruning up to 11 days before or 14 days after application of hydrogen cyanamide generally did not have a significant effect on budbreak or maturity at harvest.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Application Timing Influences the Bud Viability and Fruitfulness of Seedless Table Grape Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 598c-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Dokoozlian
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Berry Set

A study initiated in Spring 1995 examined the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) application timing on the return fruitfulness of Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless table grapes. Vines treated with GA3 at prebloom, bloom, or berry set were compared to vines treated at prebloom + bloom + berry set and nontreated vines. Application amounts for each cultivar and timing were based on commercial label recommendations. Nodes from each treatment were collected in mid-winter and dissected, and their viability and fruitfulness were recorded. Bud viability (shoots per bud) and fruitfulness (clusters per shoot) also were evaluated at budbreak in 1996. The results indicate that GA3 applications at prebloom and bloom are most detrimental to bud viability and cluster initiation in these cultivars.

Development and use of retrotransposons-based markers (IRAP/REMAP) to assess genetic divergence among table grape cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuza Kelly Strioto ◽  
Betty Cristiane Kuhn ◽  
William Seiji Lemes Nagata ◽  
Giovana Marinelli ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Oliveira-Collet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
New Cultivars

AbstractFor more than four decades after the introduction of cv. Italia (Vitis vinifera L.) in Brazil, several somatic mutations in the genome of cv. Italia and its somatic mutants gave rise to phenotypes which generated at least five new cultivars of fine table grapes. Since no molecular marker proved to be effective in discriminating cv. Italia (V. vinifera L.) and its coloured mutants (Rubi, Benitaka, Brasil, Black Star), primers for the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were developed to analyse Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) and Retrotransposon-Microsatellite Amplified Polymorphism (REMAP), and investigate how the coloured cultivars derived from clonal propagations of somatic mutations are genetically structured. Primers for LTR sequences of IRAP and REMAP markers were edited from grape sequence databases available at a GenBank. Twenty-four primers, denominated DKS001–DKS024, were edited. Three hundred and forty-nine DNA segments were amplified by individual DKS primers and DKS/ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) primer combinations, at an average of 13.96 amplicons per primer pair. High genetic divergence between the five cultivars was inferred from polymorphism in retrotransposons IRAP and REMAP. The analysis of polymorphism of IRAP and REMAP retrotransposons was crucial to show that clonal propagation of somatic mutations may lead towards the formation of genetically divergent cultivars by the formation of genetically structured vineyards and show the mixture of genomes within each cultivar.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Selected Grape Cultivars and Tree Fruit to Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) Colonization

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1042
Author(s):  
Charles G. Summers ◽  
Albert S. Newton ◽  
Kyle R. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Six table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars and 10 species of tree fruit were evaluated in cage tests to determine their susceptibility to colonization by the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). The table grape cultivars Thompson Seedless, Perlette, Flame Seedless, Ruby Seedless, Christmas Rose, and Redglobe were all colonized. In a field nursery, with naturally occurring silverleaf whitefly populations, `Zinfandel', `Sirah', and `Chardonnay' were more heavily colonized than were `Merlot', `Thompson Seedless', or `Redglobe'. The tree crops `Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), `Calimyrna' fig (Ficus carica L.), `Nonpareil' almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb], and `Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) were colonized in cage tests. Silverleaf whitefly failed to establish colonies on caged `O'Henry' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.], `Fantasia' nectarine [P. persica (L.) Batsch. var. nectarina (Ait.f.) Maxim.], `Casselman' plum (P. salicina Lindl.), `Tilton' apricot (P. armeniaca L.), `Granny Smith' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), and `Hayward' kiwifruit [Actinidia delicoisa (A. Chevalier) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson].

scholarly journals BiofumigationwithMuscodoralbus Pads for Controlling Decay in Commercial Table Grape Cartons

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144D-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mercier ◽  
Paul Walgenbach ◽  
Jorge I. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
And Control

The volatile-producing fungus Muscodoralbus is being developed as a biological fumigant for postharvest use, as it can kill storage pathogens and control fungal decay in various commodities. A wettable pad or sachet system made of teabag paper containing desiccated rye grain culture of M. albus was designed for the biofumigation of individual fruit containers. The fungus is reactivated before use by a brief immersion of the pad in water. This research was conducted to determine the potential of the pad system for controlling decay of table grapes in commercial cartons. Individual pads containing 24 or 86 g of grain culture (to achieve a 1:10 ratio of fumigant to box volume or a 1:100 ratio of fumigant to fruit weight, respectively) were added to Styrofoam cartons containing 8.6 kg of freshly harvested `Thompson Seedless' (TS) or `Ruby Seedless' (RS) grapes, which were then placed in cold storage at –1 to 0 °C. Control cartons exposed to SO2 were placed in a separate storage room and SO2 fumigation was performed once for TS and weekly for RS. After 8 to 9 weeks, the grapes were taken out of storage and rated for decay. In the experiment with TS, the 24-g and 86-g pads provided significant control of gray mold rot when compared to untreated cartons and were not statistically different from cartons exposed to a single SO2 fumigation. In the experiment with RS, only the 86-g pads provided significant decay control. Measurements of the three most abundant volatile compounds in empty cartons containing 10 g of the biofumigant revealed that partial coverage of holes mimicking obstruction by packed fruit achieved levels of isobutyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and isobutyric acid of 0.7, 1.6, and 11.2 ppb, respectively.

scholarly journals Ripening and Storage Time Effects on the Aromatic Profile of New Table Grape Cultivars in Chile

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5790
Author(s):  
Cristina Ubeda ◽  
Mariona Gil i Cortiella ◽  
Luis Villalobos-González ◽  
Camila Gómez ◽  
Claudio Pastenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The aim of this study was to determine the volatile profiles of new seedless table grape cultivars Timco™, Magenta™, Krissy™ and Arra15™ and compare them with the traditional table grape variety Crimson seedless. The volatile profiles were extracted employing solid-phase microextraction and analyzed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Terpenes were present in very different proportions, with the Magenta, Krissy, and Arra15 varieties showing much higher quantities than Crimson and Timco. β-Ionone and octanal, important indicators in the aromatic flavor quality of table grapes, were present in higher levels in Crimson and Arra15, and this might be responsible for driving consumer preference. These compounds significantly increased during ripening, except in Crimson, and gradually decreased from harvest to the end of the storage in all the cultivars. Evolution during ripening was different depending on the variety but the general tendency terpenes was to increase from veraison to harvest. A postharvest study revealed that Crimson could have a better conservation of the volatile components during postharvest storage compared with Timco and Krissy. These results could help in plant breeding programs and to make decisions for new planting according to needs for storing fresh table grapes given distances to consumer markets.

scholarly journals Impact of Water Deficit during Fruit Development on Quality and Yield of Young Table Grape Cultivars

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Carolin Weiler ◽  
Nikolaus Merkt ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Water limitation has a major effect on agricultural crop production, influencing yield as well as external and internal quality parameters of table grapes. Due to their high yield potential, table grapes have a particularly high risk for yield and quality losses when water is limited, but grapevines are known for high heterogeneity within cultivars. Therefore, we investigated the effect of prolonged water deficits (control, moderate, and severe deficit) during fruit development on yield and quality parameters of four different table grape cultivars (Vitis L.). Furthermore, we ranked their suitability for cultivation in areas suffering from water limitation. Up to 31% of irrigation water could be saved in comparison to the control, without significant negative effects on plant yield, berry size, or internal quality parameters, such as total soluble solids and total phenolic content. However, single bunch yield was highest at a moderate deficit and number of seeds in berries increased with the severity of deficit. Cultivar selection had the greatest influence on water consumption and mainly defined yield and quality parameters. The cultivar ‘Fanny’ produced the highest yields (195.17 g per plant), most bunches per plant (2.04), and biggest berries while cv. ‘Nero’ had the highest total soluble solids content (26.33 °Brix) and the highest total phenolic content (67.53 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g fresh weight). Overall, ‘Fanny’ was the most promising cultivar for cultivation under water-limited conditions during fruit development, without significant effects on yield and quality parameters.

scholarly journals Root hydraulic conductivity in three self-rooted and grafted table grape cultivars

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Celestino Ruggiero ◽  
Rosario Di Lorenzo ◽  
Giovanna Angelino ◽  
Giampiero Scaglione ◽  
Carlo Gambino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
High Water ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Root hydraulic conductivity is one of the main factors that control water flow in the soil-plant system and ultimately affect crop irrigation requirements. This work sets out to estimate root water conductivity for three self-rooted or grafted table grape cultivars.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: We evaluated root water conductivity of the cultivars ‘Black Magic’, ‘Matilde’ and ‘Victoria’ grafted onto 1103 Paulsen rootstock or self-rooted. Measurements were performed on two-year-old table grapes grown in pots filled with pumice. Root water conductivity was determined by placing the pots in a pressure chamber and increasing pressures from 0.05 to 0.30 MPa, at intervals of 0.05 MPa. Plant growth in terms of shoot and root dry matter was also evaluated, as well as leaf and root area.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Root water conductivity differed according to cultivar and grafting. The ‘Victoria’ cultivar had higher root water conductivity than the other two, which differed little between them. The grafted plants showed higher root water conductivity than the self-rooted plants, except the plants of the cultivar ‘Matilde’, whose root water conductivity for the grafted and self-rooted plants was almost the same. It was also observed that the higher root water conductivity in relation to cultivar and grafting changed with increasing water flux and was constant for high water flux.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Estimation of root hydraulic conductivity helps to determine the water consumption of the cultivars investigated, whether self-rooted or grafted, as well as the amount of irrigation water to apply to vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Suitability of some mid-season table grape cultivars and types for minimally processed produce

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ergun ◽  
Özden Akkaya ◽  
Nazan Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether some midseason table grape cultivars and types can be used as minimally processed produce and to investigate the negative effects of minimal processing on the quality of the table grapes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Changes in quality losses as defects, weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH by minimally processed 13 cultivars and 4 types were recorded during a 10-day storage period at 4 °C. Browning on the stem end was the major defect followed by collapse on the stem end, decay both on the stem end and on the berry surface, and splitting on the berry surface. Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol among the cultivars/types were found be less prone to defects after minimal processing and storing at 4 °C.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The defects or problems which minimally processed table grapes most likely to face are collapse, browning and decay on the stem end, and splitting and decay on the berry surface. The quality losses in Big Perlon, Hatun Parmagi and Ribol cultivars with a very large berry size were lower than other 14 cultivars/types after 10 days, suggesting that berry size is very important attribute for choosing table grape cultivars as minimally processed produce.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: The study involving 13 cultivars and 4 types with different colored skin, berry sizes and types presents reliable information of suitability of the grapes for fresh-cut produce. Furthermore, the quality assessment used for this study provides a very detailed clarification what kind of problems minimally processed table grapes might face.</p>

scholarly journals Use of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as sanitizer for minimally processed table grapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ergun ◽  
Ezgi Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The objective of this study was to explore two local table grape cultivars, one is white and the other one red colored, as a minimally processed produce, and to identify the most effective sanitizers (hydrogen peroxide, citric acid or sodium hypochlorite) to control microbial growth. The table grape cultivars indigenous to Elazig province of Turkey ‘Agin Beyazi’ and ‘Agin Kirmizisi’ were tested in the present experiment. Grape clusters were washed by dipping in tap water as control, in citric acid (20 g/L), with sodium hypochlorite (50 mg/L), or with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/L), solutions for 1 minute. Grape berries were then placed into PET clamshells and kept at 4 °C for 10 days. The berries were subject to quality assessments during the storage, and to total aerobic microbial and fungal count at the end. Washing with hydrogen peroxide- or sodium hypochlorite-diluted water was very effective controlling both aerobic microbial and fungal growth. Citric acid treatment however represented no significant effect on microbial growth. It is concluded that both hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are strong sanitizers for table grapes tested, with no detection of undesirable effects.

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