Effects of Nutrient and Growth Regulator Treatments on Growth and Development of Zinnias

Two cultivars of Zinnia elegans, `Big Red' and `Sunrise Red', were grown hydroponically in two different nutrient solutions. The experiment was implemented in the greenhouse to assess affects of growth regulator treatments on growth and development of the plants. Heights of seedlings germinated in peat pellets were measured prior to placement in the hydroponic units. Plants were sprayed with five rates of either paclobutrazol or uniconazole. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete-block design with four replicates of the treatments, which were factorial combinations of variables. Days to first flower were recorded for each plant. After 90 days, measurements were made of plant heights, flower bud numbers, and dry weights of shoot and root systems. Nutrient treatments affected all parameters observed. Growth regulator treatments affected plant heights. `Sunrise Red' produced more flower buds and earlier flowers than `Big Red'.

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Effects of Nutrient and Growth Regulator Treatments on the Growth and Development of Marigolds

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.679d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 679d-679

Author(s):

Arvazena E. Clardy ◽

Stephen Garton

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulator ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Systems ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Flower Bud Formation ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Two cultivars of Tagetes erecta Marigolds—Hero Yellow and Safari Tangerine—were grown hydroponically in two different nutrient solutions. The experiment was implemented in the greenhouses on the campus of Alabama A&M Univ., from March to May 1995. The experiment was to assess the effects of growth and development of Marigolds. Heights of seedlings, germinated in grodan (rockwool) cubes were measured and placed randomly in the hydroponic units. Plants were drenched with five rates of either Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) and Uniconazole (Sumagic). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with either three or four replications of the treatment, which were factorial combinations of variables. After 75 days measurements were made of plants heights, flower bud numbers and dry weights of shoot and root systems. Shoot dry weights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety, nutrient treatments and a combination of variety and nutrient treatments. Root dry weights were affected by nutrient treatments. Flower bud formation and numbers were affected by the combination of nutrient and variety. Heights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety and nutrient treatments.

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PENGARUH LIMBAH LAS KARBIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI CABAI KERITING

Jurnal AGROSAINS dan TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.24853/jat.4.1.19-24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Sularno Sularno ◽

Sudirman Sudirman

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Age ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Experimental Garden ◽

Number Of Branches ◽

As If

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui fungsi limbah las karbit yang selama ini hanya dibuang tanpa ada yang menghiraukan seolah menjadi sampah yang tidak berguna. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2018. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta yang berada pada ketinggian 25 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh limbah las karbit terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi cabai keriting. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu P0 tanpa limbah las karbit (kontrol), P1 (100 g per tanaman), P2 (200 g per tanaman) dan P3 (300 g per tanaman). Pemberian limbah las karbit berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati P2 (200 g per tanaman) berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 5 MST, jumlah cabang umur 6 MST, lingkar batang umur 5 MST. Pemberian limbah las karbit bisa memperbaiki pH tanah akan tetapi tidak bisa menyediakan unsur hara bagi tanaman walaupun limbah las karbit mengandung CaCO3 dan ZPT.ABSTRACTThis research was carried out to determine the function of carbide welding waste which had only been disposed of without being ignored as if it were useless waste. This research was conducted from March to July 2018. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University, Jakarta, which was at an altitude of 25 m above sea level (asl). This study aims to determine the effect of carbide weld waste on the growth and production of curly chili. This study was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments, namely P0 without carbide welding (control), P1 (100 g per plant), P2 (200 g per plant) and P3 (300 g per plant). Giving carbide welding wastes significantly affected the parameters observed P2 (200 g per plant) significantly affected plant age 5 WAP, number of branches aged 6 WAP, stem circumference age 5 WAP. Giving carbide welding waste can improve soil pH but cannot provide nutrients for plants even though carbide weld waste contains CaCO3 and growth regulator.

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Four-Year Study on the Bio-Agronomic Response of Biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. on the Island of Linosa (Italy)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Salvatore La Bella ◽

Francesco Rossini ◽

Mario Licata ◽

Giuseppe Virga ◽

Roberto Ruggeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Average Value ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Capparis Spinosa ◽

Production Behavior ◽

And Cluster Analysis

The caper plant is widespread in Sicily (Italy) both wild in natural habitats and as specialized crops, showing considerable morphological variation. However, although contributing to a thriving market, innovation in caper cropping is low. The aim of the study was to evaluate agronomic and production behavior of some biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. subsp. rupestris, identified on the Island of Linosa (Italy) for growing purposes. Two years and seven biotypes of the species were tested in a randomized complete block design. The main morphological and production parameters were determined. Phenological stages were also observed. Analysis of variance showed high variability between the biotypes. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis highlighted a clear distinction between biotypes based on biometric and production characteristics. Production data collected in the two-year period 2007–2008 showed the greatest production levels in the third year following planting in 2005. In particular, biotype SCP1 had the highest average value (975.47 g) of flower bud consistency. Our results permitted the identification of biotypes of interest for the introduction into new caper fields. Further research is needed in order to characterize caper biotypes in terms of the chemical composition of the flower buds and fruits.

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Pruning of the main stem of Marigold: effect on capitula yield

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170318 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 425-427

Author(s):

Jana Koefender ◽

André Schoffel ◽

Diego P Golle ◽

Candida E Manfio ◽

Alice PB Dambróz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Main Stem ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of cutting the apex of the main stem of marigold plants on floral capitula yield. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The following removal stages of the main stem apexes were studied: control (without pruning), up to 10 leaves, up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. Three harvest periods were also evaluated: July, August and September, composing a factorial experiment in a 4x3 arrangement. The diameter, number, fresh matter and the dry capitula were evaluated. The most significant effect of cutting the apex of the main stem on fresh and dry matter of the capitula was obtained when the technique was performed at the time the plants had up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. The harvesting performed in September showed to be the most promising, since it presented the larger diameter, higher number and higher fresh matter and the dry capitula.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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Plantain-Tree Rubber Intercropping Systems Improved Productivity in the Tropical Humid Zone of Ghana, West Africa

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/3240686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Erasmus Narteh Tetteh ◽

Eric Owusu Danquah ◽

Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa ◽

Caleb Melenya Ocansey ◽

Emmanuel Amoah Boakye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Western Region ◽

Optimum Population ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sole Cropping

A three-year field trial was conducted between 2014 and 2017 in the Ellembelle and Jomoro districts of the Western region of Ghana where rubber production is common to determine the optimum population density of plantain when grown in combination with immature rubber tree crops. The trials were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments were sole rubber, sole plantain, and three intercrops of one row of plantain in between two rows of rubber, two rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber, and three rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber. The rubber clone used was GT1 while the variety of plantain used was false horn. The results showed that population density of plantain had significant effect on the growth of the associated rubber. Growing plantain at closer spacing of 1.5 m under the high-density plantain treatment significantly increased plantain yield compared to the other cropping systems. There was a significant positive relationship between population density of plantain and the rubber tree growth and development. The optimum population density of plantain when intercropped with rubber was 1,666/ha. The study showed intercropping was advantageous over sole cropping for both crops.

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Flower Bud Stage and Chill Hours Influence the Activity of GA3 Applied to Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.4.316 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 316-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D.S. NeSmith ◽

Gerard Krewer

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Flower Development ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Single Application ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Vaccinium Ashei

Individual flower clusters of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were treated with 300 ppm GA at several flower bud stages to determine the activity of the growth regulator in promoting fruit set. Applications were made one time only at a specified stage of flower development, or once followed by a second application. A single application of GA when flower buds had elongated but corollas had not expanded (stage 5) led to the largest increase in fruit set. Two applications of GA, 10 to 18 days apart, increased fruit set compared with a single application at flower developmental stages other than stage 5. Fruit set promoted by a single spray of GA imposed on fully expanded corollas (stage 6) decreased with increasing number of chill hours (350, 520, 760, or 1150). Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA).

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTARD APPLE FLOWER BUD UNDER NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM NUTRITION

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Author(s):

IVAN VILAS BÔAS SOUZA ◽

ABEL REBOUÇAS SÃO JOSÉ ◽

JOSÉ CARLSON GUSMÃO DA SILVA ◽

MARINÊS PEREIRA BOMFIM ◽

JECILENE SILVA DE JESUS

Keyword(s):

Apple Tree ◽

Block Design ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Summer Period ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Potassium Nutrition ◽

Floral Buds ◽

National Market ◽

Custard Apple

ABSTRACT The custard apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), has increased in cultivation due to good prices in the national market. However, there are few studies regarding the fruit’s nutrition. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of N and K levels in developing the flower buds in two growing cycles, corresponding to the time of high temperatures (spring-summer) and another milder season (autumn-winter). The experiment was conducted in a rural property located in the municipality of Anagé, Bahia, installed in a randomised complete block design with 3 blocks, arranged in a factorial 4 x 4, obtained by the combination of the following levels of N (0, 16.875, 33.750 and 67.500 g plant-1) in the form of urea and K (0, 22.5, 45.0 and 90.0 g plant-1) in the form of potassium chloride, applied every fifteen days (every fortnight / every two weeks). It was evaluated the vigor of floral buds, measured by determining its weight and the length of them. At the end of the study it was concluded that the vigor of the floral buds tended to increase with elevated levels of nitrogen in the coldest period of the year (dry season with low in temperature). In the spring-summer period (rainy season and high temperature) the vigor of the flower buds was reduced as they increased the doses of N. Potassium did not affect the vigor of the flower buds in these considered periods. There was no interaction between N and K levels for the vigor of the flower buds.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Alami terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Kopi

JURNAL PERTANIAN ◽

10.30997/jp.v8i1.565 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Isna Tustiyani

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Block Design ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Natural Plant ◽

Onion Extract ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan nasional. Pembibitan kopi umumnya melalui biji, padahal kopi dapat dibudidayakan melalui cara vegetative yaitu stek asal diberi perlakuan at pengatur tumbuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian berbagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami pada stek kopi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Garut pada Oktober – November 2016 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan tanpa pemberian ZPT, growtone, ekstrak bawang merah, dan air kelapa. Hasil percobaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak bawang merah dapat menumbuhkan sebesar 50% dan penggunaan growtone sebesar 55% stek kopi hidup.KATA KUNCI: auksin, air kelapa, ekstrak bawang merah, stek kopi THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS NATURAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON GROWTH CUTTINGS OF COFFEEABSTRACTThe Coffee is one of national excellent commodities. The Nurseries of coffee generally through the beans, but it can be grown through vegetative through by cuttings treated with growth regulators. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of various naturally plant growth regulators in coffee cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Garut in October-November, 2016 using Randomized Complete Block Design with treatment without giving plant growth regulator, growtone, onion extract, and coconut water. The result showed that the extract of onion can grow at 50% and the growtone treatments can grow 55% of the coffee cuttings.

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(67) Effect of Two Types of Fertilizers on the Growth and Development of Tissue-cultured Daylilies Transferred to the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1018c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1018C-1018

Author(s):

Johnny Carter ◽

Diondre Palmer ◽

Lianghong Chen ◽

Surinder Gulia

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Slow Release ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Slow Release Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Soluble Fertilizer

During Summer 2005, a study similar to that of Summer 2004 was conducted to determine the effect of two type of fertilizers on the growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse. Peters 20–20–20 water-soluble fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer were the two fertilizers evaluated. Peters 20–20–20 fertilizer was used at 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 mg/L rates. The slow-release fertilizer was used at 2.5 g per 10.2-cm pot. Each treatment was replicated four times in randomized complete-block design. After 6 weeks of growth, the results showed that when compared to the control, all treatments except for 200 mg/L caused a significant increase in root growth. Shoot growth was significantly increased by the 100 mg/L treatment, while the 200 mg/L and the slow-release treatments suppressed shoot growth. Similar to the growth of roots and shoots, the 100 mg/L treatment caused significant increase in fresh weight, while both the 200 mg/L and slow-release treatments caused a reduction. Results obtained for Summer 2005 were similar to that of Summer 2004. These results imply that the 100 mg/L Peters 20–20–20 fertilizers treatment is the best treatment for maximum growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse.

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