scholarly journals CONTROLLING HEIGHT AND FLOWERING IN HYPOESTES PHYLLOSTACHYA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178g-1178
Author(s):  
Chi Wang ◽  
Kevin L. Grueber
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion ◽  
Short Days

Control of plant height and flowering are two major problems associated with the production of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. (polka-dot plant). In seed-propagated cultivars, sprays of ancymidol (A-Rest), chlormequat (Cycocel), paclobutrazol (Bonzi), and uniconazole (Sumagic) were effective in inhibiting shoot growth and internode elongation at 100, 1000, 33, and 10 mg·l-1, respectively. Daminozide (B-Nine), even at 6000 mg·l-1, was ineffective compared to untreated controls. Ethephon (Florel) was effective in retarding plant growth at 500 mg·l-1, but at 1500 mg·l-1 resulted in leaf distortion and horizontal shoot growth. H. phyllostachya was determined to be a quantitative (facultative) short day plant. Seed-propagated plants with 16 or more nodes flowered regardless of photoperiod, but flowering was more rapid under short days (SD) than under long days (LD). Application of ethephon significantly inhibited shoot elongatioo and number of flower buds formed and also increased the incidence of flower bud abortion. In seed-propagated plants, 500 mg·l-1 ethephon did not adversely affect flowering when applied at any time during the first seven weeks after the start of SD. At 1500 or 2500 mg·l-1, ethephon applied at any time during the first five weeks after the start of SD maximized the number of vegetative buds and minimized the number of viable flower buds. When applied more than six weeks after SD began, ethephon did not promote the formation of vegetative axillary buds but did promote flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' Flowers in Response to Short Days or Vernalization

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100A-1100
Author(s):  
Sonali Padhye ◽  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Arthur Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Subsequent Flowering ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings ◽  
Photoperiod Control ◽  
Short Days

Coreopsis grandiflora `Sunray' has been reported to flower under long days (LD) following vernalization or short days (SD). The objectives of this study were to characterize the effective duration of vernalization and SD and to determine if photoperiod during vernalization influences flowering. Vegetative cuttings taken from stockplants developed from one seedling were rooted for 2 weeks and grown for 5 weeks. Plants were provided with a 9-hour photoperiod for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks or were vernalized at 5 °C under a 16-hour photoperiod for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks or under a 9-hour photoperiod for 2 or 8 weeks. Following treatments, plants were grown in a greenhouse at 20 °C under a 16-hour photoperiod. Control plants were grown under constant 9- or 16-hour photoperiod. Leaf development, days to first visible bud (DVB), days to first open flower (DFLW), and height and total number of flower buds at FLW were recorded. No plants flowered under continuous SD. Under continuous LD, two plants flowered on axillary shoots but only after 95 days. All vernalized and SD-treated plants flowered on both terminal and axillary shoots. Photoperiod during vernalization did not affect subsequent flowering. DFLW decreased from 56 to 42 and from 50 to 42 after 2 to 8 weeks of vernalization and SD treatments, respectively. Following 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of vernalization, plants had 116, 116, 132, and 204 flower buds, respectively. Plant height at FLW of all SD-treated and vernalized plants was similar. Thus, 2 weeks of 9-hour SD or vernalization at 5 °C followed by LD was sufficient for flowering of our clone of C.`Sunray', although longer durations hastened flowering and increased flower bud number.

scholarly journals Cold Storage Period of Bulbs Influences Their Sugar Contents and Post-Storage Growth and Flowering in Lilium Oriental Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Jiseon Kim ◽  
Wook Oh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Lilium Oriental Hybrids

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in internal shoot growth, total and reducing sugar content, plant growth, and flowering characteristics after cold-stored bulbs of Lilium Oriental Hybrids are planted. Bulbs of Lilium Oriental Hybrids ‘Le Reve’, ‘Sorbonne’, and ‘Siberia’ were harvested at the end of November, cleaned, treated with fungicides, conditioned for 30 days at 4 °C, and cold-stored for 30 to 120 days at 0 °C. Plant height, fresh and dry weights, leaf numbers and area, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), days to flowering, number of flower buds, and flower diameter were measured when the cut flowers were harvested. In all cultivars, the shoot lengths in the bulbs increased as the storage period increased. As the storage period was extended, the fructose and glucose contents increased, whereas sucrose content decreased. The total sugar content increased during the early storage period and decreased subsequently. Plant height, fresh and dry weights of cut flowers showed a decreasing trend as the storage period increased. Flower diameter generally decreased with increasing storage period but varied among cultivars. These results indicated that more storage carbohydrates in bulbs were consumed as the storage period increased, and thus, the subsequent plant growth and flowering were negatively affected.

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

scholarly journals Evaluating Peat Substrates Amended with Pine Wood Fiber for Nitrogen Immobilization and Effects on Plant Performance with Container-grown Petunia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Crysta N. Harris ◽  
Ryan W. Dickson ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Anissa M. Poleatewich
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Pine (Pinus sp.) wood products have potential to immobilize fertilizer nitrogen (N) and influence plant growth when used in soilless substrates for the production of containerized floriculture crops. Peat substrate was amended with (by volume) 30% pine wood fiber (peat:fiber) during a production phase with fertigation and a simulated consumer retail phase with clear-water irrigation using container-grown ‘Supertunia Vista Bubblegum’ petunia (Petunia ×hybrida). The objective was to evaluate substrate effects on substrate and plant tissue nutrient level and plant growth, with an emphasis on evaluating N immobilization from wood product amendments. Substrates consisting of peat amended with hammer-milled pine wood (peat:wood) or coconut (Cocos nucifera) coir (peat:coir) were used for comparison, and a 100% peat substrate (peat) served as a control. In Expt. 1, amending peat with pine wood fiber had no effect on leaf SPAD chlorophyll index, shoot growth, plant height and width, substrate N, or percent shoot tissue N at the end-of-production. In Expt. 2, plants grown in peat:fiber had reduced flower number, plant height and width, and shoot growth compared with plants grown in the 100% peat control. However, petunia grown in peat:fiber substrates maintained dark-green foliage with high leaf SPAD chlorophyll index values (≥44.4) and ≥45 flowers/plant, and therefore were considered marketable plants. During the production phase in both Expts. 1 and 2, N concentrations remained within the target range for petunia in both the shoot tissue and root-zone for all substrates. In addition, there was no statistical evidence of N immobilization for any substrate blend for either of the N drawdown procedures. In both Expts. 1 and 2, root-zone nutrients became depleted during the consumer phase when irrigation was with clear water (no fertilizer), and petunia developed uniform symptoms of leaf chlorosis and N deficiency. Results of this study indicate that peat amended with 30% pine wood fiber, hammer-milled pine wood, and coconut can be used for production of containerized petunia with minimal effects on plant growth or need to adjust the fertilizer program. However, increasing pine wood to >30% of the substrate volume may require growers to increase fertilization and adjust irrigation practices to compensate for greater risk of N immobilization and changes in substrate physical properties.

scholarly journals 391 THE INFLUENCE OF COLD DURING SEEDLING STAGE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON FORCING PERENNIALS FOR POT PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 487b-487
Author(s):  
Allan M. Armitage ◽  
Paul Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Photoperiodic Treatment ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Pot Plants

The influence of cooling, photoperiod and chemical branching on early spring flowering of perennial species was studied. Cooling was provided while plants were in plugs (128 plugs per tray) and dikegulac-sodium, a compound found to induce breaks in other species, was applied prior to, during and after cooling. Plants were cooled in insulated lighted coolers for 4, 8 or 12 weeks at 4C, and brought to a greenhouse with night temperatures between 8-12C. Long and short days were provided in the greenhouse after plants came out of the coolers. Little response to dikegulac occurred, however, Campanula, Sedum, Leontopodium, Catananche, Aubrietia, Arabis, Gypsophila, Anchusa and Aquilegia responded to cooling and photoperiodic treatment. Flowering and vegetative characteristics such as internode elongation and plant height responded to photoperiod and cooling but not all genera responded similarly. Anchusa, Campanula, Aquilegia and Gypsophila flowered significantly earlier under LD compared to SD. Twelve weeks of cooling resulted in flowering of all genera, however, some genera were equally responsive to shorter cooling times.

scholarly journals 444 Forcing Requirements of Seed-propagated Easter Lilies

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470C-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hybrid Treatment ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Bud Initiation

Seed-propagated lilies have the potential to revolutionize Easter lily production, eliminating clonal disease transmission, costly production and shipping. Five F1 interspecific hybrids, Lilium × formolongo (L. longiflorum × L. formosanum), were evaluated to establish an initial forcing schedule. The hybrids included `Raizan Herald', `Augusta F1', `Raizan No. 1', `Raizan No. 2', and `Raizan No. 3'. Two hundred seeds/hybrid were sown in early July in plug trays. Ten weeks after sowing, seedlings were transplanted into 3-inch pots. At the 20-week stage, the seedlings were repotted into 6-inch standard pots for the final production phase. All hybrids had low germination rates (<20%). Hybrids were grown under two photoperiod treatments (short, long days) at 21 °C with n = 10 reps/hybrid/treatment. Plants were evaluated for no. days to visible bud, leaf unfolding rate, final plant height, leaf number, bud count, flowering dates, and the no. of shoots/bulb. Ten weeks after sowing, hybrids had one to four leaves/plant. At 20 weeks, the leaf number had increased to as many as 40. Despite the lack of a cold treatment, most hybrids initiated flower buds. Visible bud date occurred as early as 20 weeks after sowing. Photoperiod had no effect on leaf number, stem height, and flower bud initiation. Plant height exceeded 15 inches by week 16 in most hybrids, indicating the need for plant growth regulator applications. The next steps in product development for seed-propagated Easter lilies will be outlined.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Root Formation in Cuttings from Flowering Stock Plants of Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 836B-836
Author(s):  
Carrie DeVier ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Bud Removal

The influence of flowers on root formation in mum cuttings was evaluated for stock plants grown under long (LD) or short (SD) days. SD plants showed visible flower buds after 20 days and color after 30 days. Cuttings were taken from LD or SD plants at 10-day intervals until flowers were fully open. Cuttings from LD plants rooted at 100% throughout the study, with 24 or more roots per cutting. Cuttings from SD plants showed a gradual reduction in rooting percentage and number as flower development increased. After 30 days, roots per cutting for SD plants was reduced by 85% compared to LD cuttings and only 30% of SD cuttings rooted. In a separate experiment, cuttings were taken from stock plants after 40 long or short days. Partial or all flower buds were removed from SD plants prior to sticking. SD cuttings (regardless of flower bud removal) rooted at <47%. LD cuttings rooted between 23.6 to 43.8, while SD cuttings rooted between 3.1 and 8.5 roots per rooted cutting. The data indicates that cuttings taken from flowering plants show reduced potential for rooting and that this effect was not influenced by removal of flowers prior to sticking cuttings.

scholarly journals Bulking Duration and Daminozide Affect Growth and Flowering of Achillea בCoronation Gold’

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Mohan Li ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Single Shoot

A study was conducted to determine the effects of bulking duration and the plant growth retardant daminozide on plant growth and flowering of greenhouse-grown ‘Coronation Gold’ yarrow (Achillea בCoronation Gold’). Single-shoot liners of yarrow were transplanted on October 14 and December 2, 2010, into 15 cm (6 in) containers and bulked for 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks prior to exposure to night-interrupted lighting (NIL). Increasing the bulking duration increased the number of shortened, thickened stems of rosette-like appearance, or offsets, that had developed from the base of the main stem by the end of bulking by 100 to 367% and reduced days to first and five open inflorescences, hereafter referred to as flowers, from the beginning of NIL by 13 to 16 days and 10 to 20 days for the October and December potting dates, respectively. Increasing the bulking duration increased flower and flower bud number by 67 and 25% in the October 14 and December 2 potting dates, respectively. Therefore, more flowers and flower buds formed on yarrow when potted early, compared to late potting. Lengths of the first five open flower stems were inconsistent and minimally affected by bulking duration. In a repeat of the experiment potted on December 2 using the same bulking treatments, 5,000 ppm of daminozide was applied as a foliar spray when half the plants in a bulking duration had begun to elongate and was reapplied 1 week later. Daminozide application decreased stem length at first open flower by 20 to 43%, but increased days to first flower and five open flowers by 6 and 8 days, respectively. As in the first experiment, increasing the bulking duration increased the number of offsets and flower and flower bud number and reduced days to first and five open flowers.

scholarly journals (71) Day Length Controls Flowering and Height of Sunflower

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013E-1014
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Average Plant Height

Flowering in response to day length was identified for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. `Pacino Gold'). Germination and seedling development occurred at 20 °C and long days (ld, 16 hours) following direct seeding into 10-cm pots. Sixteen days after seeding, plants were placed at ld or short days (sd, 8 hours), 20 °C and 8 mol·d-1·m-2. Flowering was recorded at the stage of reflexed petals after 48 sd. At the time of flowering in sd, flower buds were of minute size under ld. Plants started at ld, and moved to sd after 1, 2, or 3 weeks, flowered at similar times as those grown under uninterrupted sd conditions. Four initial weeks of ld delayed flower development with 7 days, compared to a continuous sd environment. On the other hand, 2 to 3 weeks of initial sd followed by ld hastened flowering with 5 to 10 days. With increasing number of early ld from 1 to 4 weeks, plant height at flowering doubled from 20 to 40 cm. Average plant height in continuous sd was 18 cm. Plants grown exclusively or moved to ld after 1 to 4 weeks of sd were similar in height to plants finished at sd with 4 initial weeks of ld. Combinations of sd and ld may be used to manage height and rate of development in the sunflower `Pacino Gold'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document