scholarly journals Morphological Development of Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] during Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 633c-633
Author(s):  
C.L.H. Finneseth ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
R.L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Food Reserves

Little scientific information is available describing morphological development of pawpaw during seed germination. To provide this information, a study was designed to outline important developmental stages and describe seedling characteristics within each stage. Stratified pawpaw seeds were sown in vermiculite and germinated at 25°C in a growth chamber. Ten seedlings were randomly chosen and destructively harvested at 5-day intervals starting at radicle protrusion. Length (mm), fresh and dry weight, and percentage of total dry weight were determined for seedling components. Pawpaw seeds have a small rudimentary embryo with all food reserves stored in a ruminate endosperm. Dry weight measurements showed a dramatic reallocation of reserves from the storage tissue to developing seedling parts. Initial embryo length was less than 3 mm, but within 70 days seedlings exceeded 350 mm. Twelve days after planting, simultaneous radicle and cotyledon growth occurred (3.4 and 3.0 mm, respectively), but neither hypocotyl nor epicotyl was visible. Radicle protrusion was observed at 15 days with radicle, cotyledon and hypocotyl lengths increasing to 4.4, 4.0, and 3.2 mm, respectively. Endosperm comprised 99.1% of total dry weight at this stage. The hypocotyl hook emerged after 30 days and endosperm comprised 76.1% of total dry weight. Cotyledons reached maximum length (29.0 mm) at day 40 and the epicotyl was discernible. At 55 days, the seed coat containing cotyledons and residual endosperm abscised and the average radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl lengths were 182.0, 61.1, and 7.3 mm, respectively. It is suggested that the cotyledons primary function is absorption of food reserves from the endosperm for transfer to the developing seedling.

scholarly journals Morphological Development of the North American Pawpaw during Germination and Seedling Emergence

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia H. Finneseth ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
The North ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Time Required

The North American pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal], a temperate member of the Annonaceae, is a deciduous woody tree with ornamental value and has merit as a fruit crop. Anatomical studies of pawpaw seed revealed a small, linear embryo that does not change in length during cold or warm stratification. Radicle and cotyledon growth from planting until radicle protrusion was concurrent and at about the same rate. Cotyledons grew through a specialized channel of cells extending above the cotyledon tips, but never emerged from the seed. The extended period of time required for the development of the cotyledons delayed seedling emergence more than 50 days. The cotyledons appear to be haustorial and translocate storage material from the endosperm to the growing embryo. At the time of epicotyl elongation, the radicle and developing root system were well developed and comprised 81 % of the seedling biomass. Seedling development could be divided into four distinct stages, including radicle protrusion, hypocotyl emergence, epicotyl elongation, and seedcoat abscission.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Quality Seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Shahrina Akhtar ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted to evaluate 100 chickpea genotypes to explore their genetic diversity in respect of emergence and growth attributes. A high genotypic variation was observed in the characters studied. The highest positive correlation corresponded to the root mass and total plant biomass of the seedlings. Seedling biomass production was highly subjective to seedling vigor. Using discriminant function analysis, the first two functions contributed 46.2 and 39.0%, and altogether 85.2% of the variability among the genotypes. Function 1 was positively related to dry weight of root and total plants. The character with the greatest weight on function 2 was seedling emergence rate. The total dry weight of seedlings played the most dominant role in explaining the maximum variance in the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Each cluster had specific seedling characteristics and the clusters 5 and 6 were closely related and clearly separated from clusters 1 and 4 for their higher amount of root and total biomass production, and vigorous seedlings, where as, the genotypes in cluster 2 and 3 were intermediate. The genotypes in cluster 5 followed by cluster 6 appeared to be important resources for selecting and developing chickpea variety. Keywords: Chickpea; genotypes; seedling; quality DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7584 The Agriculturists 8(2): 108-116 (2010)

Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) Management in Wheat in China: Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicide Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengzhi Wang ◽  
Yizhao Huang ◽  
Lele Zhang ◽  
Weitang Liu ◽  
Jinxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Different Growth Stages

AbstractLittle information is published related to seed germination and seedling emergence of Japanese foxtail, a troublesome annual grass weed widely distributed in winter wheat fields in China. Three Japanese foxtail populations were studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, to determine the effects of different environmental factors on seed germination or seedling emergence. Chemical control is absolutely necessary in integrated management, and efficacy of POST herbicides against different growth stages of Japanese foxtail was evaluated. Germination rate was 90% or more when temperature ranged from 5 to 25 C, with germination onset shortened as temperature increased. Light was not required for germination to occur. For pH values ranging from 5 to10 there was no effect on seed germination. Japanese foxtail seed germination was sensitive to osmotic stress and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of -1.1 MPa. The ‘1513’ population of Japanese foxtail demonstrated tolerance to soil salinity, with 98% germination at 80 mM NaCl compared with 25 and 40% germination for populations ‘1532’ and ‘1544’, respectively. High amounts of crop residue (10 t ha−1) suppressed Japanese foxtail emergence 38 to 55%. Germination of seeds placed at 160 C for 5 min was completely inhibited for dry seeds, with a similar effect at 130 C for pre-soaked seeds. Seed burial in the soil from 0 to 4 cm had no effect on seedling emergence, but burial at 7 cm completely inhibited seedling emergence. POST herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl (13.5 g ai ha−1), clodinafop-propargyl (67.5 g ai ha−1), pyroxsulam (13.5 g ai ha−1), pinoxaden (67.5 g ai ha−1) and isoproturon (1125 g ai ha−1) reduced plant dry weight 80% or more when applied at three- to seven-leaf stage, but control declined with application at later growth stages. The information from this study helps to develop an integrated approach to Japanese foxtail management.

Survival of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in a Mediterranean type environment. 1. Effect of summer grazing by sheep on seed numbers and seed germination in autumn

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw ◽  
WR Stern
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Grazing History ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Summer Grazing

Annual ryegrass–subterranean clover pastures that produced about 5000 kg total dry weight per hectare and 23,500 ryegrass seed per sq metre in spring were grazed by sheep at different stocking rates during summer. Intensive stocking equivalent to about 3000 sheep days ha-1 reduced seed numbers by 20%. Under continuous grazing, about 70% of the seed produced in spring fell readily to the ground during summer. The remaining seed was firmly held in seed heads, and apparently sheep ate mainly this component. Less than 1% of the seed ingested was voided in the faeces. No significant changes in seed numbers over summer were observed in ungrazed pasture. Subsequently, at the break of season in autumn, germination of seeds was examined in situ near the soil surface. The summer grazing history of pastures influenced the percentage of seeds that germinated; more seeds germinated in heavily than in leniently grazed pastures. Whether the pasture was leniently or heavily grazed, there was little effect on germination of shed seeds. Seeds in seed heads were found to germinate more slowly than seeds shed to the soil surface. Seedling emergence in autumn was regulated mainly by the interrelationship between the germination rate of the seed population, depending on summer-early autumn rains, and the period for which favourable moisture conditions prevailed at the soil surface after rain began in autumn. In the field, temperature and light appeared to be unimportant in influencing germination at the break of season. Dynamics of seed and seedling numbers in annual ryegrass pastures in a Mediterranean type environment, particularly at the break of season, are discussed.

UJI VIABILITAS TERHADAP BENIH POLYEMBRIONI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmi Jasmi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Citrus Seed ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Seeds are mature ovules. One or more of the ovaries formed in the legume, but never more than one seed formed in the ovaries of monocots. Each ripe seed always consists of at least two parts, namely: (1) Embryo, (2) Seed coat (Seed coat or testa). Embryo is formed or derived from fertilized eggs (zygote) by undergoing cell division in the embryo sac. Seed coat is formed from the integument (one or more) of the ovules. In legumes generally there are two layers of seed coat. Every very young and growing seed always consists of three parts: (1) Embryo, (2) seed coat, (3) Endosperm. Endosperm is a storage food storage network which is absorbed by the embryo before or during seed germination and is always present in very young seeds. Polyembryonics is the presence of more than one embryo in one seed, but these embryos do not always mature or mature, remain undeveloped or degenerate. The purpose of this research is to study the germination of one seed that has more than one embryo and to determine the growth of seedlings from polyembryonic seeds. The results showed that the highest plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of orange seeds) was found in orange seeds that had 1 embryo compared to orange seeds which had 2 and 3 embryos. Seed germination and growth is strongly influenced by the amount of food reserves stored in seeds (Magagula and Ossom 2011 in Hasnah M, 2013). Keywords: Citrus Seed, Polyembrioni, Seed Viability

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation by saline magnetized water on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat Triticum aestivum

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Magnetized Water ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of saline magnetized water irrigation on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivar Iraq were studied. Irrigation water was supplemented with different levels of Sodium chloride 6, 12 or 18 mmhos/ cm in addition control treatment, and passed through a proper magnetic felid with 1000, 1250, 1500 or 2000 gaus in addition control treatment. The results showed significantly stimulated shoot development and led to the increase of germination, seedling emergence, area leaf, length of shoot and root and fresh and dry weight compared to the controls. Results also showed significant interaction between saline water and magnetized water. So, using magnetic treatment of saline water could be a promising technique for Agricultural improvement.

Effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Mean

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sand burial on seed germination, seedling emergence, survival, and growth of Agropyron psammophilum. In the field, seedlings of A. psammophilum emerged from burial depths ranging from 0 to 7 cm. The mean depth of seedling emergence was 2.96 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) cm, with more than 80% individuals emerging from 0 to 4 cm depths of sand burial. In a greenhouse, seeds of A. psammophilum were artificially buried by sand to depths of 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 cm. Higher emergence percentages were obtained at 2 and 4 cm burial depths and no seedling emerged from depths greater than 8 cm. The percent germination of buried seeds, percent emergence, and emergence rte of seedlings showed negative correlation with burial depth. Burial of young seedlings up to a depth of 6 cm stimulated their growth in height, leaf and tiller production, and overall dry weight. When the burial depth exceeded 6 cm, some seedlings died and if seedlings were buried to 100% of their height (11 cm for 1-week-old and 22 cm for 2-week-old seedlings), all seedlings died.

scholarly journals Effect of magnetized salt water on seed germination and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar Tritcium aestivum L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Ismail E. N. ◽  
Hassan S. M. ◽  
Mageed. D. M. ◽  
Rasheed. K. A. ◽  
Abd A. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Magnetized Water

A Study was conducted the effect of saline water irrigation with different levels of NaCl (6, 12, 18) Decisemins/M in addition with the control treatment. The saline water magnetized through a proper magnetic field with (1000, 1250, 1500, 2000) gaus in addition control treatment. Seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling growth of Alletiffia wheat cultivar were investigated. The result indicated significant increasing in most character studies such as, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root, and leaf area. On the other hand, all character studies were significantly decreased when used saline irrigation water. The result also showed significant interaction between the magnetized water and saline water which used in irrigation pots in most characters studies.

scholarly journals Estudio de la propagación sexual del arboloco Montanoa quadrangularis Schultz Bipontianus Asteraceae

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Marcela Tamayo-Rincón ◽  
Loyla Rodríguez-Perez ◽  
William Escobar-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Best Responses ◽  
Germination Indices

<p><strong> Objective.</strong> To develop sexual propagation methodologies for <em>Montanoa quadrangularis </em>Schultz  Bipontianus (<em>arboloco</em>). <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>Seeds were harvested from trees grown at the Chilaca environmental station (Geoambiente Ltda.) located in Pacho, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The study was carried out in two phases: firstly, substrate effect on germination responses was evaluated in seedbed conditions. Substrates evaluated were: local soil, local soil mixed with worm humus, and peat. Additionally, two spatial arrangements were assessed:  seeds sown at random and at 0.5 cm in depth. Secondly, in nursery conditions the effect of the substrates local soil, local soil mixed with worm humus and peat, as well as the effect of developmental stages of the plants (with 2, 4, and 6 leaves) on their further growth and development were evaluated. <strong>Results. </strong>In seedbed conditions, the germination capacity was highly influenced by peat substrate (83.67%) whereas in local soil the germination capacity was 40.83%.   In  nursery conditions, 6-leaf plants grown  in  local soil mixed with worm humus showed the best responses on parameters such as  plant total length  (9.51 cm), leaf area (36.69 cm<sup>2</sup>), and total dry weight (0.10 g). <strong>Conclusions. </strong>The type of substrate used in seedbed conditions influenced the germination capacity of <em>M</em><em>. quadrangularis</em> seeds. The substrate and the developmental stage of the plant had a significant influence on the growth and development of <em>arboloco</em> plants.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>germination indices, plant growth and development, forestry species.</p><br />

scholarly journals Common bean seed germination and seedling emergence under inoculation with biostimulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Antônio Jussiê da Silva Solino ◽  
Juliana Santos Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Maycon Schmitt ◽  
Jéssica Brasau da Silva ◽  
Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Biostimulating microorganisms have protector effect against pathogenic agents, affect the stand formation, promote plant growth, and increase yield of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination and seedling emergence of different common bean cultivars as a function of treatments with Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Trichoderma asperellum BV10. Germination tests in paper rolls and sand were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of two cultivars, namely Campos Gerais (CG) and Estilo (ES), and four microorganism treatments, namely B. subtilis BV02 (BS), T. asperellum BV10 (TA), B. subtilis BV02 + T. asperellum BV10 (BS+TA), and Control. The variables analyzed were: germination speed index (GSI), emergence speed index (ESI), germination percentage, emergence percentage, root length, seedling height, and root and shoot fresh and dry weights. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, seedling height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight than the ES cultivar in the paper roll and sand tests. The common bean seed inoculation with BS+TA increased seedling height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root length in the ES cultivar. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, root fresh weight, and root and shoot dry weights than the ES cultivar. The treatment of seeds with BS+TA is recommended to improve the performance of common bean seedlings of the ES cultivar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document