UJI VIABILITAS TERHADAP BENIH POLYEMBRIONI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmi Jasmi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Citrus Seed ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Seeds are mature ovules. One or more of the ovaries formed in the legume, but never more than one seed formed in the ovaries of monocots. Each ripe seed always consists of at least two parts, namely: (1) Embryo, (2) Seed coat (Seed coat or testa). Embryo is formed or derived from fertilized eggs (zygote) by undergoing cell division in the embryo sac. Seed coat is formed from the integument (one or more) of the ovules. In legumes generally there are two layers of seed coat. Every very young and growing seed always consists of three parts: (1) Embryo, (2) seed coat, (3) Endosperm. Endosperm is a storage food storage network which is absorbed by the embryo before or during seed germination and is always present in very young seeds. Polyembryonics is the presence of more than one embryo in one seed, but these embryos do not always mature or mature, remain undeveloped or degenerate. The purpose of this research is to study the germination of one seed that has more than one embryo and to determine the growth of seedlings from polyembryonic seeds. The results showed that the highest plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of orange seeds) was found in orange seeds that had 1 embryo compared to orange seeds which had 2 and 3 embryos. Seed germination and growth is strongly influenced by the amount of food reserves stored in seeds (Magagula and Ossom 2011 in Hasnah M, 2013). Keywords: Citrus Seed, Polyembrioni, Seed Viability

scholarly journals Effect of electric field on seed germination and growth parameters of chickpea Cicer arietinum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. Afrasiyab ◽  
J. Zafar ◽  
H. Muhmmad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Cicer arietinum (L.) seed were exposed to electric field in the soil via electrodes. Five different EF were (3V,6V, 9V, 12V, and 0V) were induced 10 min after 24hours for 100 days, each treatment was consisting of an isolated gathering of plants. The rate of seed germination was enhanced to the control group. Plant height, root length, number of leaves, number of flowers, dry weight of the plant, and seed weight were measured at harvesting. Plants height by the influence of 3V, 6V, 9V and 12V were found to be significant in all treated groups than the control group, having an increase of 25.5%, 30.5%, 11.8%, and 17.1%. Similarly, root length was significantly increased than the control group, being increased in 3V, 6V and 12V by 28.6%, 24.0%, 3.0% and retarded in 9V by -3.0%. Leaves numbers were significantly higher than the control group, being increased by 25.3%, 25.2%, 15%, and 19.3% respectively. There was no centrality contrast found indifference in, number of flowers, the dried weight of plant and weight of seeds respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic effect of fifty Sorghum bicolor L. Genotypes on Germination and Growth of some weed in vitro and in vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
A. A. Aljibouri ◽  
S. N. Mahmoud ◽  
A. W. Alsawani ◽  
I. S. Alsaadawi ◽  
Duha Mysire Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of root exudates of fifty Sorghum genotypes on seed germination and seedling growth of millet were studied in vitro. The fifty genotypes were divided into four groups according to their effect on percentage reduction in root and shoot and whole plant average lengths of millet seedling growth. The first group caused slight stimulation, the second slight inhibition, the third gave limited inhibition and the fourth caused high inhibition. In seedling growth. Five genotypes of sorghum were selected, one from group two and four from group four. These five genotypes were cultured in the field in Autumn 2007 and at the end of the season plants were removed, dried and grind. Three concentrations of each of these genotypes powder were prepared, in addition to the control treatment, (0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0) g/kg soil to study their effects on the growth of Amaranthus retroflexus which cultured in pots and kept in experimental field. Data on number of leaves, lengths of shoot and root and whole plant were taken as well as wet and dry weight were measured. Percentage of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds germination were evaluated in an experiment cultured in Petri dishes containing concentrations (0.0, 5.0 and 10.0%) of aqueous extracts of each of the five genotypes powder. Results showed high significant inhibition for the four genotypes from group four in comparison with the one genotype from group two. Significant differences among these genotypes in their inhibition on such parameters as shoot, root, whole plant growth, number of leaves, and wet and dry weight. The genotype 2005-K-Type 1050 gave the highest reduction in plant length 53.2% incomparing with the genotype 2005-K-Type 1033 which gave 0.7%. The percentage of seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus was significantly reduced as the concentration of the aqueous extract increased and there were significant differences among genotypes on this parameter. The concentration of the powder of each genotype added to the soil produced significant reduction in all parameters studied and the effect increased as the concentration increased in soil. This research discusses the potential of the allelopathic effect of some Sorghum genotypes on weed germination and growth reduction and the possibility of employing them in weed control program with the intention to use less herbicide.

scholarly journals Facilitate Seed Germination of the Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula) in vitro Using TiO2 Nanoparticles and Scarification Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Feizi ◽  
Mousa Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Tree Seeds

<p>The main propagation method of <em>Cassia fistula</em> is sowing seeds. The seed germination is usually low because of its impermeable hard coat. Therefore, this experiment evaluated the effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and scarification methods on seed germination and seedling growth <em>in vitro</em> condition. The tree seeds were treated with, hot water, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (36N), and mechanical scarification and culture on ¼ MS salt mixture. The medium was supplemented with different concentrations of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The results showed that the highest percentage and rate of germination was recorded in seeds treated with mechanical scarification. The highest shoot and root dry weight was recorded for seeds treated with mechanical scarification and grown on MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/ml TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles did not show any significant effects on the percentage and rate of germination. Different growing soil mixtures had significant effects on the growth of the ex vitro transferred plantlets. Coco peat and peat moss mixture (1:1) was found to be more effective in increasing the number of leaves and root length of the seedlings.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
DEVI RUSMIN ◽  
MELATI, S MELATI, S ◽  
WAHYUNI WAHYUN ◽  
SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Herb Yield ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benih<br />sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen.<br />Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan<br />untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih serta<br />hubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan di<br />KP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan<br />Aromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalam<br />rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umur<br />panen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23,<br />24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yang<br />diamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatan<br />berkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang),<br />serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobot<br />kering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panen<br />benih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatan<br />berkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatan<br />berkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA<br />(67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendah<br />diperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benih<br />berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanaman<br />umur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turut<br />didapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63<br />dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benih<br />berpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering<br />daun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman,<br />bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan pada<br />perlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobot<br />basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendah<br />didapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umur<br />panen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3<br />bulan.<br />Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen,<br />viabilitas, produksi, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />The influence of harvesting time on the seed viability and<br />the  relationship  with  herb  yield  of  king  bitter<br />(Andrographis paniculata Nees)<br />One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter<br />(Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based on<br />this problem a research was conducted to study the relationship between<br />seed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The research<br />was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory of<br />Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI)<br />from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in a<br />randomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications.<br />Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 days<br />after anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage of<br />seed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plant<br />height, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dry<br />weight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1)<br />seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination of<br />king bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate were<br />achieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage of<br />seed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1<br />month after planting. The highest plant height and number of branches<br />were found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days after<br />anthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seed<br />maturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dry<br />weight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wet<br />weight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achieved<br />at the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were<br />291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weight<br />of leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18<br />days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, the<br />stage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 months<br />after planting.<br />Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity,<br />viability, production, West Java

scholarly journals Morphological Development of Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] during Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 633c-633
Author(s):  
C.L.H. Finneseth ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
R.L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Food Reserves

Little scientific information is available describing morphological development of pawpaw during seed germination. To provide this information, a study was designed to outline important developmental stages and describe seedling characteristics within each stage. Stratified pawpaw seeds were sown in vermiculite and germinated at 25°C in a growth chamber. Ten seedlings were randomly chosen and destructively harvested at 5-day intervals starting at radicle protrusion. Length (mm), fresh and dry weight, and percentage of total dry weight were determined for seedling components. Pawpaw seeds have a small rudimentary embryo with all food reserves stored in a ruminate endosperm. Dry weight measurements showed a dramatic reallocation of reserves from the storage tissue to developing seedling parts. Initial embryo length was less than 3 mm, but within 70 days seedlings exceeded 350 mm. Twelve days after planting, simultaneous radicle and cotyledon growth occurred (3.4 and 3.0 mm, respectively), but neither hypocotyl nor epicotyl was visible. Radicle protrusion was observed at 15 days with radicle, cotyledon and hypocotyl lengths increasing to 4.4, 4.0, and 3.2 mm, respectively. Endosperm comprised 99.1% of total dry weight at this stage. The hypocotyl hook emerged after 30 days and endosperm comprised 76.1% of total dry weight. Cotyledons reached maximum length (29.0 mm) at day 40 and the epicotyl was discernible. At 55 days, the seed coat containing cotyledons and residual endosperm abscised and the average radicle, hypocotyl and epicotyl lengths were 182.0, 61.1, and 7.3 mm, respectively. It is suggested that the cotyledons primary function is absorption of food reserves from the endosperm for transfer to the developing seedling.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian abu sekam padi sebagai bahan desikan pada penyimpanan benih terhadap daya tumbuh dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (The effects of rice husk ash as desiccation material of seed storage on viability and cocoa seedling growth).

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Pudji Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Food Stock

Rice husk ash as desiccation material can be used to maintain seed viability in storage through its ability to absorb humidity during its storage. High relative humidity caused seed moisture content to increase so the respiration rate of seed increases and uses faster food stock. Finally the viability of seed is lost. A research on use of rice husk ash as desiccation material of cocoa seed storage was conducted in Agronomy Laboratory and Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with treatment of rice husk ash application on cocoa seed as follows: 0 g/100 seeds (A), 5 g/100 seeds (B), 10 g/100 seeds (C), 15 g/100 seeds (D), and 20 g/100 seeds (E). This experiment used four replications. Cocoa seeds were stored in plastic bag within carton box in ambient temperature. The storage periods were 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and parameters of observation consisted of electrical conductivity of dipped water of cocoa seeds, percentage of seed germination, percentage of seed emergence, early growth parameters at one month old including seedlings height of seedling, diameter, leaf number, root length, and dry weight. The result of the experiment showed that the use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds could maintain electrical conductivity of dipped water at low level, percentage of seed germination at 99-100 % and percentage of seed emergence at 79-91% after two weeks storage. The use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds after two weeks storage affected height of cacao seedling, but did not affected stem diameters, leaf numbers, root lengths, and dry weights

scholarly journals Pengaruh Posisi Skarifikasi Benih dan Perendaman Air Kelapa terhadap Perkecambahan Biji dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Sirsak (Annona muricata L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Arya Agung Pranata ◽  
Asil Barus ◽  
Meiriani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Germination And Growth

The problem of generative propagation of soursop is its seeds take a long time to germinate which are caused by the hard seed coat. The solution to solve that problem is scarification and coconut water soaking to simply the process of imbibition and seed germination and also stimulate the growth of shoot. This objective of the research was to determine the effect of the scarification position and the soaking with various concentrations of coconut water on seed germination and growth of soursop seedling. This research was held at the Faculty of Agriculture field, the University of Sumatera Utara in March - July 2017. The research used a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replication. The first factor is the scarification position (without scarification, stomach scarification, top scarification) and the second factor is coconut water soaking (0%; 25%; 50%; 75 %). The result of the research showed that the germination rate parameter, germination percentage, crop height, number of leaves, root volume and dry weight of crop significantly higher on without scarification treatment than with scarification treatment. The interaction between the scarification position and soaking with various coconut water concentrations was not significantly affecting the seed germination and growth of soursop seedling.

scholarly journals Impact of Salinity Stress on Germination and Growth of Pea (Pisum sativum L) Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Amal F Ehtaiwwesh ◽  
Munira J Emsahel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea (Pisum sativum L) plants. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on germination and growth of pea Pisum sativum L plant. Seeds of pea were sown in Petri dishes and pots and treated with four different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150mM NaCl) with completely randomized designs in four replications. Results revealed that seeds of pea were able to germinate at low salinity levels (NaCl 50mM NaCl) without a significant decrease in germination and growth traits, at the same time as a severe decrease in those traits were recorded at higher levels of salinity (100 and 150mM NaCl). The results indicated that seed germination and seedling establishment were inhibited due to the decrease of water potential, which results in the decline in water uptake by seeds, and seed germination was prevented by a high level of salinity stress (150mM NaCl). The results pointed out that germination percentage (GP), mean daily germination (MDG), germination speed (GS), and vigor index (SVI) varied under moderate and high salinity levels. All the studied parameters were reduced with increasing the NaCl level. The max and min GP, MDG, GS, and SVI were observed under control conditions (0mM NaCl) and highest salinity level (150mM NaCl) respectively. The same trend was seen in plant growth traits including: plant height, branch number, leaf number, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry weight. The results provided important reference information for research on the impact of salinity on germination and growth of pea.

scholarly journals Germinación de Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larr. (Sterculiaceae), en respuesta a la escarificación, temperatura y luz

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Reyna Osuna-Fernández ◽  
Guillermo Laguna-Hernández ◽  
Alicia Brechú-Franco ◽  
Alma Orozco-Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
White Light ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Two Populations

Seed quality and seed germination with scarification and non scarification and variable temperature and light were determined in Ch. pentadactylon seeds form two places of Guerrero and Oaxaca. Also seed viability was determined in seeds from Guerrero stored 6 months at 5º C. Seeds showed to be orthodox and dormant due to an impervious seed coat. The seeds from Guerrero had higher weight, length and water content than those from Oaxaca, however the scarified seeds from Oaxaca reached a higher germination percentages. Germination of scarified seeds of the two populations was enhanced by alternated temperatures and inhibited by far red light. Germination under darkness, red light and white light did not differ significantly. In soil some seeds could be dormant under a low ratio red:far red light transmitted by litter. The differences between the two populations might be due to a maternal effect induced by weather conditions in their geographic localities.

scholarly journals Application of Silica Nanoparticles Induces Seed Germination and Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
H. El-Ramady H. El-Ramady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Germination And Growth

Five rates of nano-silica (NS) suspensions (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1) were used to study their effects on seed germination and growth development of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The rate of 200 mg L-1 significantly increased final germination%, germination speed, vigor index, and germination index by 28.7, 70.3, 46.7 and 68.8 %, respectively, compared to untreated seeds. However, it reduced the mean germination time by 31.7%. Similarly, 200 mg L-1 NS had the highest fresh and dry weight of germinant. However, all NS treatments enhanced the seed germination and growth development in comparison to control.

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