scholarly journals Use of Ethephon as a Controlled Abscission Agent on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James E. Motes ◽  
Niels O. Maness
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Precise Timing ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Fruit Mass

Mechanical harvest of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) produces a mixture of marketable and unmarketable fruit. Our objective was to increase the percentage of marketable red fruit in a once-over harvest by using ethephon to remove late-developing flower buds, blooms, and green fruit. Three experiments were conducted on field-grown plants in southwestern Oklahoma. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 μL·L-1 as a one-time foliar application on various dates in September and October. Total dry mass of harvested fruit decreased linearly as ethephon rate increased in all experiments. Marketable fruit, as a percentage of total harvested fruit mass, increased linearly with ethephon rate in two of three experiments. Ethephon decreased the percent of total harvested fruit mass due to green fruit in all experiments. We recommend a single application of ethephon at about 2000 to 3000 μL·L-1 as a controlled abscission agent to increase the percentage of harvested red fruit in paprika pepper. The precise timing of the application will vary with the situation, but the last 10 days in September seemed an appropriate interval for southwestern Oklahoma. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Use of Ethephon as a Controlled Abscission Agent on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 853E-853
Author(s):  
James E. Motes ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Our objective was to increase the percentage of marketable red fruit at harvest time on paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants intended for mechanical harvest by using ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] to remove late-developing blooms and green fruit. We conducted three experiments on field-grown plants in southwestern Oklahoma. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 μl·liter–1 as a one-time foliar application on various dates. Total dry weight of harvested fruit decreased linearly with ethephon rate in all three studies. Marketable fruit as a percentage of total harvested fruit weight increased linearly with ethephon rate in two studies. There was no consistent effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruit. With proper timing, as little as 1000 μl ethephon/liter was enough to alter the distribution of total harvested fruit weight toward marketable fruit and away from green fruit. A target spray “window” of the last 10 days in September seemed appropriate for southwestern Oklahoma, and the recommended rate of ethephon was between 2000 and 3000 μl·liter–1.

Foliar Application of Ethephon Decreases Apical Dominance in `Orchid' Petunia (Petunia × hybrida Vilm.-Andr.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491e-491
Author(s):  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
Ursula K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Application Rates

Ethephon was applied as a foliar spray to 36-day-old petunia seedlings to determine its effectiveness at reducing apical dominance by increasing lateral shoot development. Ethephon application at rates of 125, 250 and 500 mg·L–1 to whole shoots of Petunia × hybrida `Orchid' decreased apical dominance compared to the control. The average length of a lateral shoot increased 56% as ethephon application rates increased from 0 to 500 mg·L–1. In Expt. I, ethephon-treated plants had a greater number of laterals than control plants. The number of nodes produced before the first flower bud was initiated increased from 15 to 21 as rates of ethephon increased from 0 to 500 mg·L–1. Ethephon delayed anthesis up to 10 days when applied at 500 mg·L–1 and up to 8 days when applied at 250 mg·L–1. The number of visible flower buds increased in all ethephon-treated plants compared to the control. Ethephon at 250 mg·L–1, increased shoot and root dry mass 37.9% and 20.4%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Roots appeared healthy in both experiments, but phytotoxicity (mild chlorosis) occurred in Expt. II on plants treated with 500 mg·L–1. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results.

scholarly journals Calcium and Ethephon Effects on Paprika Pepper Fruit Retention and Fruit Color Development

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
James E. Motes ◽  
Brian A. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Ethephon has increased yields of red fruit, but its use as a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening agent has been limited by premature fruit abscission and defoliation. We tested ethephon solutions of 0,1500,3000,4500, and 6000 μl·liter-1 with or without 0.1 m Ca(OH)2 as a onetime foliar application to field-grown paprika pepper in southwestern Oklahoma. There was a linear increase in fruit abscission with increasing ethephon rates in 2 of 3 years, with or without added Ca. Marketable fruit as a percentage of total harvested fruit weight was improved by ethephon at 6000 μl·liter-1 in 2 of 3 years, primarily due to a decrease in weight of harvested green fruit. However, ethephon never significantly increased the dry weight of harvested marketable fruit over that obtained from the control. There also was no effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruit. The only consistently significant effect of Ca(OH)2 was an undesirable increase in the retention of green fruit on the plants. Ethephon had little value as a fruit-ripening agent for paprika pepper under the conditions of our studies, and Ca(OH)2 was not useful as an additive to ethephon sprays. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on Disease Severity and Marketable Yield of Paprika (Capsicum Annuum L.) in the Smallholder Farming Sector of Zimbabwe

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Handiseni ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Vincent Ogunlela ◽  
Irene Koomen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Hand Weeding

Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on Disease Severity and Marketable Yield of Paprika (Capsicum AnnuumL.) in the Smallholder Farming Sector of ZimbabweOn-farm trials were conducted in the Chinyika Resettlement Area of Zimbabwe under dryland conditions to investigate the effects of different weed management methods on disease incidence, severity and paprika (Capsicum annuum) pod yield. The weed control treatments included hand weeding at 2 and 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT); ridge re-moulding at 3,6 and 9 WAT; application 4l/ha Lasso (alachlor) immediately after transplanting, and Ronstar (oxidiazinon) at 2l/ha tank mixed with Lasso at 2l/ha one day before transplanting. The herbicide-water solution was applied at the rate of 200l/ha using a knapsack sprayer. Major diseases identified were bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoria), cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora unamunoi), grey leaf spot (Stemphylium solani) and powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in both seasons. For the 2000/2001 season hand weeding at 2 and 6 WAT and ridge re-moulding at 3, 6 and 9 WAT had the greatest reduction effect on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the highest marketable fruit yield. In the 2001/2002 season, both herbicide treatments had the same effect as hand weeding and ridge re-moulding on AUDPC and marketable fruit yield. The least weed density was obtained by ridge re-moulding at 3, 6, and 9 WAT in the 2000/2001 season. Weed density was statistically the same across all treatments except the check treatment in 2001/2002 season. Hand weeding operations were significantly (p < 0.05) effective and consequently gave the highest added profits mainly because of their effect on major weeds such asDatura stramonium.

scholarly journals Agronomic aspects of two Physalis species as a function of Nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Douglas Junior Bertoncelli ◽  
Marisa De Cacia Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Izabel Dos Passos ◽  
Taylon Henrique Casagrande ◽  
Ana Claudia Ariati
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Number Of Branches

The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrbeet & Al-Beiruty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering of ‘Alice du Pont’ Mandevilla in Response to Sumagic

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
C. Frederick Deneke ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Vegetative growth of ‘Alice du Pont’ mandevilla can be controlled by selection of an appropriate foliar application rate of Sumagic (uniconazole) and application interval. A single application of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) controlled vegetative growth for only 3 to 4 weeks; after this time, growth rates were similar to control plants. Multiple applications of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) effectively restricted vegetative growth; as the concentration of Sumagic (uniconazole) increased, the interval between applications increased from about 4 (5 ppm) to 6 (20 ppm) weeks. A single application of higher rates (30 to 120 ppm) of Sumagic (uniconazole) was phytotoxic. Generally, time to flowering increased and flower diameter decreased when application rate increased.

Effects of Time and Method of Applying Nitrogen to Dwarf Wheats

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Jain ◽  
D. P. Maurya ◽  
H. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SUMMARYLinear regression of grain and straw yield of dwarf wheats on level of fertilizer nitrogen was significant, but the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen was determined by the time and method of its application. A single application as a basal dressing was the least productive for grain yield, while split fertilization at sowing and at first irrigation increased the efficiency of applied nitrogen. Further splitting in three doses did not benefit wheat. Foliar application of nitrogen to replace top dressing at the heading stage was of no advantage while replacement of a top dressing at first irrigation by urea spray at heading was definitely deleterious.

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