scholarly journals In Vitro Multiplication of Two Genotypes of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471D-471
Author(s):  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
Nilvane T.G. Müller ◽  
Janine T.C. Faria ◽  
Luciana B. Andrade ◽  
Marisa de F. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Shoot Base ◽  
Previous Phase ◽  
Better Than

Asparagus is a vegetable that presents an increase in yield when propagated by meristem culture. On the order hand, the rooting phase in asparagus is greatly affected by the previous phase, i.e,. multiplication. This species presents a better rooting performance when callus is formed at the shoot base. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate treatments during the multiplication phase, which also leads to callus formation at the shoot base. The initial explants came from shoots being cultivated in vitro. It was tested kinetin at: (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) μM; ancymidol at (0.0 and 0.5) μM and NAA at (0.0 and 0.5) μM for both genotypes, which were cultured in a MS medium added to sucrose (30 g·L–1), agar (6.0 g·L–1) and myo-inositol (100.0 m g·L–1). Shoots bearing two buds were inoculated in 10-ml test tubes and placed in a growth room for 30 days when they were evaluated. The addition of kinetin significantly improved the number of buds and at 1.3 μM this growth substance presented the best results as number of shoots is concerned. NAA application promoted a negative effect on spear bearing. The addition of ancymidol in this phase did not improve the bud multiplication. It was shown that clone M14 performed better than the hybrid cv. Deco as multiplication is concerned.

scholarly journals 312 Influence of BAP and CPPU on the in Vitro Shoot and Bud Proliferation of Apple Rootstocks M.111 and M.7

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 445F-446
Author(s):  
Adriano N. Nesi ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
Jono B. da Silva ◽  
Adriana C. de M. Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Shoot Base ◽  
Better Than

This work aims to verify the effect of BAP (6-benzyladenine purine) and CPPU (forchlofenuron) on the in vitro shoot proliferation of apple rootstock cultivars M.111 and M.7 under different concentrations. The experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory at Embrapa Temperate Climate in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. As initial explants, microcuttings were used from in vitro culture. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars with cytokinins and six differents concentrations (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 μMol). The explants were inoculated in 250-mL flasks with 40 mL MS medium with agar (7.0 g·L-1), myo-inositol (100.0 g·L-1), NAA (0.005 mg·L-1), and sucrose (40.0 g·L-1). The pH was adjusted to 5.9 before autoclaving. After inoculations the culture was kept for 50 days under 25 ± 2 °C, 16-h photoperiod, and 19 μMol·m-2·s-1 radiation. CPPU performed better than BAP for cultivar M.111 and it had similar response for cultivar M.7 as bud and shoot multiplication and multiplication rate is concerned. The BAP increased the number of shoots with higher length and with no callus formation in the shoot base, contrary to CPPU. The most efficient concentrations were 4.7 and 5.5 μMol for CPPU and BAP, respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration of Popular Indica Rice Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aananthi. N
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Regenerated Plant ◽  
Better Than

Five rice cultivars viz., ASD 16, White Ponni, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Sugandh 4 and Pusa Sugandh 5 belonging to subspecies indica were compared for its ability in callus formation and regeneration. In this experiment, the different parameters viz., the effect of hormones (2,4-D and kinetin), organic supplement (coconut milk O1-CM 100 mll-1, O2-CM 75 mll-1, O3-CM 50 mll-1), explants (seed and immature embryo), media (MS and N6), carbon source (sucrose and maltose) using five genotypes on callus response was studied. The effect of hardening methods was also assessed. Results showed that for enhanced callus induction was with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin + 30 gl-1 maltose irrespective of explants used. Addition of 100 ml l-1 coconut milk was found have improvement in callus response. The performance of immature embryo was better than seed for callus induction, emrbyogenic callus formation, rhizogenic callus formation and regeneration. MS media provided superiority over N6. Among the genotypes Pusa Basmati 1 rendered outstanding performance in callus behavior. The treatment combination MS + 2.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 1.0 mgl-1 KN gave the highest organogenesis response and regeneration of plantlets. Hardening in mist chamber was recognized as the best method to give the highest per cent of regenerated plant lets.

scholarly journals Essential factors for in vitro regeneration of rose and a protocol for plant regeneration from leaves 

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Anber Mahmoud Ahmed Hassanein ◽  
Inas Mohamed Ali Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Better Than

In vitro propagation of Rosa hybrida, L. cv. ‘Eiffel Tower’ was improved by the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) and silver nitrate (AgNo<sub>3</sub>) to the culture medium. The combination of auxin and cytokinins was indispensable for inducing response from leaf discs. Maintaining cultures under dark was better than light for callus formation and quality. The source of explants was vital in the regeneration process wherein situ explants produced callus while, in vitro explants regenerated somatic embryos and shoots. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) had a favorable effect where in vitro explants showed somatic embryogenesis with no shoots on media containing TDZ however, 37% of explants regenerated shoots directly on medium containing GA<sub>3</sub>. The presence of benzyl adenine (BA) was essential for shoot elongation, and indole butyric acid (IBA) was better than indole acetic acid (IAA) for rooting. The optimum conditions produced rooted plants from leaf discs within ten weeks. The reported results clarify factors controlling in vitro regeneration of R. hybrida, and provide a rapid protocol allowing further improvements of rose. 

scholarly journals Smooth leaf (spineless) Red Spanish pineapple (Ananas comosus) propagated in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Lii J. Liu ◽  
Evelyn Rosa-Márquez ◽  
Enid Lizardi
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Shoot Differentiation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Some 40,000 plantlets of Red Spanish pineapple [Ananas comosus (L. Merr.)] were produced via meristem culture. Of these, approximately 50% were spineless. Some of these spineless plantlets reversed to spiny leaf. However, the percentage of reversion from spineless to spiny was 14.1% and that from spiny to spineless was 32.7%. Of the 2,318 plantlets examined in the laboratory and greenhouse during a 3- to 4-month period, 72.9% of the spiny Red Spanish pineapple remained spiny and 85.8% of the spineless remained spineless. One year after field planting, the spineless Red Spanish remained largely spineless and initiated flowering and fruit settings the same as the spiny ones. The standard medium for in vitro propagation of Red Spanish pineapple was improved by supplementing Murashige and Skoog's basic formula (MS) with 0.1 mg/L, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA). The callus formation was improved by adding to the same MS formula 10 mg/L BA + 4 mg/L naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). Similarly, shoot differentiation was improved by adding low concentrations of hormone (0.1 mg/L NAA) to the Abo El-Nil and Zettler (AZ) medium.

scholarly journals Regeneration of leaf explants of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. in vitro.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.M. Pierik ◽  
P. van Leeuwen ◽  
G.C.C.M. Rigter
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Nutrient Agar Medium ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum

Leaf explants were cultured on a basic nutrient agar medium to which were added growth substances (adenine, benzyladenine, kinetin, 2-iP [isopentenyladenine], zeatin or 2,4-D) and NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3 in various concentrations. The effects of using the surfactant Tween 20 during leaf sterilization and of growing explants in light and/or darkness for 20 weeks were also investigated. There was a strong positive correlation between callus formation and shoot regeneration. Regeneration was optimal under the following conditions: addition of 0.25-1.00 ml/litre Tween 20 during leaf sterilization, adding a growth substance (adenine 0.1 mg/litre, zeatin 1 mg/litre, or 2,4-D 0.08 mg/litre), culture during 16 weeks in darkness followed by 4 weeks of light, and including 206 mg/litre NH4NO3 in the medium. The promoting effect of low levels of NH4NO3 on shoot regeneration in callus was caused by the NH4+ ion and not by the NO3- ion. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals STUDYING ON CALLUS FORMATION FROM CHILLI PLANTLET CAPSICUM SP. AND CAPSAICINOID ACCUMULATION IN VITRO

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Phuc Thanh Vo ◽  
Tien Thi Thuy Le
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Callus was initiated from hypocotyls and cotyledons explants of chilli Capsicum sp. in vitro on MS medium with 0,5 mg/l kinetin and 2,4-D /NAA (1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 and 3,0 mg/l). Callus from cotyledon explants was induced in the dark better than in the light, whereas callus from hypocotyl explants was initiated in the light better than in the dark. Callus was more friable and grew faster on medium with 2,4-D and kinetin. MS medium with 3,0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0,5 mg/l kinetin was optimal for the growth of callus from cotyledon explants. Besides, callus from hypocotyl explants grew best on MS medium with 1,5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0,5 mg/l kinetin. Capsaicinoid from callus which was determined by thin layer chromatography was recognized in all treatment experiments.

scholarly journals 556 In Vitro Anther Culture of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 491E-491
Author(s):  
M.H. Aboul-Nasr ◽  
M.A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Solid Media

This experiment was performed at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Horticulture Dept. of the Faculty of Agriculture at Assiut Univ., Egypt. After several attempts to determine the proper stage of buds for collection of pollen, we determined that the tetrad stage was most suitable. The pollen was cultured on either MS or B5 liquid or solid media (7% agar). Both media were used as basic salts or supplemented with growth regulators. The four growth substances were BA, NAA, K, and 2,4-D. Each growth substance was added to the medium separately as follow: BA, NAA at 15, 10, or 5 ppm; K at 0.1, 1, 2, or 5 ppm; and 2,4-D at 0.5, 1, or 5 ppm. The solidified medium was superior to the liquid medium at all the treatments that were used for callus formation. Using B5 medium did not result in any callus. The highest value of callus formation was obtained when MS medium supplemented with BA at 5 ppm. Moreover, the callus that was grown on the MS medium that had BA at 5 or 10 ppm developed a merstim tip. The control treatment produced calluses but did not develop any meristem tips. This process can be used to develop haploid plants.

Darkening of Plant Tissues during in vitro Cultivation and Methods for its Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Oxidative Transformations ◽  
Tissue Browning

One of the most common problems in the plant in vitro propagation is the tissue browning and subsequent necrosis, resulting from the oxidation of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites produced in response to injury and released into the nutrient medium. This process is one of the main reasons for the decrease in the efficiency of callus formation, somatic embryogenesis, regeneration and genetic transformation of plants in vitro. Moreover, oxidative browning often leads to culture death. Therefore, the current problems in genetic and cellular engineering of a wide range of plant species can be solved only by preventing or reducing the negative effects of browning of in vitro cultures caused by the oxidative transformations of phenolic compounds into quinones toxic to cells. This review is devoted to the description of the main existing methods to prevent these adverse transformations. Various chemicals with antioxidant and adsorbing properties are used in plant biotechnology for this purpose, but there are no general approaches to solve the problem. Although the choice of the method to minimize the negative effect of phenolic compound oxidation depends, firs of all, on the species and variety of the plant, some agents, such as ascorbic acid, activated carbon, silver nitrate, can be considered as universal and quite effective in preventing oxidative darkening of explants in vitro. phenolic compounds, oxidative browning, polyphenol oxidase, tissue browning, in vitro, microclonal plant propagation The work was funded on the theme АААА-А17-117102740098-8.

scholarly journals In Vitro Multiplication of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Cristal II—Microcutting Origin

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471F-472
Author(s):  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
Luciana B. Andrade ◽  
Janine T.C. Faria ◽  
Marisa de F. Oliveira ◽  
Nilvane T.G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Room

The potato cultivar Cristal recently released by the CPACT/EMBRAPA Breeding Program has high dry matter and low reduce sugars. These are desirable characteristics as industry processing is concerned. Nevertheless, this is a recalcitrant cultivar. The meristem culture is difficult to establish along with a very low multiplication rate. The aim of this work was to improve the multiplication rate for this cultivar. Two-bud microcuttings derived from apical, mid, and basal regions were inoculated in test tubes with 10 ml MS culture media and vitamins as follows; myo-inositol (100 mg·L–1); sucrose (10 g·L–1). No growth regulator was added. All treatments were placed in a growth room in a 16-hour photoperiod; 25 ± 2°C and 2000 lux. One month later, although it was observed that the final growth was more pronounced for basal microcuttings, no difference could be detected for number of shoots and multiplication rate. It was concluded that it makes no difference whatsoever kind of microcutting is used to start the micropropagation process.

scholarly journals Tanier (Xanthosoma spp.) propagation in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-426
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu ◽  
Evelyn Rosa-Márquez ◽  
Margarita Licha ◽  
María L. Biascoechea
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The standard medium for in vitro propagation of taniers (Xanthosoma sagittifolium and X. violaceum) was improved by supplementing Murashige and Skoog's basic formula (MS) with 2 mg/L glycine, 5 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 2 mg/L kinetin and 10% coconut water (v/v). Gamborg's Bs medium was found better than Abo-Zettler (AZ) and MS media for callus formation. Clorox 10% for 10 minutes, Clorox 5% for 5 minutes and Clorox 1% for 1 to 2 minutes consecutively was the best combination for surface sterilization. Bactericides, actidione 0.02% and sodium azide 1/40 were ineffective. Protoplasts of approximately 4 x 105 per ml were isolated and calcium oxalate crystals were eliminated with the modified Binding techniques. Data obtained from two replicated field trials at the Gurabo Agricultural Experiment Station indicated that the average weight of corms from apparently healthy tanier plants was significantly (P<.01) more than that of corms from plants with dasheen mosaic virus symptoms. Similarly, the average weight of corms produced by tanier plants free from the symptoms of "mal seco" disease was significantly (P<.01) more than that of corms obtained from plants affected by the disease. Variations in shape and size of the leaves as well as in dasheen mosaic virus symptoms among the plantlets are described.

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