Lowbush Blueberry Response to Phosphorus-containing Fertilizers: Assessment by Leaf Phosphorus Concentration and Content

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in three commercial fields were treated with 67.2 kg P/ha from triple super phosphate(TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP), and compared to a control in a randomized complete block design with 12 blocks. Correction of P deficiency by fertilizers with different ratios of P to N was assessed by leaf and stem nutrient concentrations and contents (concentration × weight). Samples of stems collected in July from three 0.03 m2 quadrates per treatment plot indicated MAP and DAP had no effect on dry weight of stem tissue, but increased average dry weight of leaf tissue. Leaf nutrient concentrations and contents showed similar results; P and N were raised to higher levels by MAP and DAP than by TSP. TSP had no effect on leaf N concentration or content but raised leaf P concentration but not content, compared to controls.

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Lowbush Blueberry Response to Different Phosphorus/Nitrogen Ratios

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.529d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 529d-529

Author(s):

J.M. Smagula ◽

W. Litten ◽

S. Dunham

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Length ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Flower Bud ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Triple Super Phosphate ◽

Leaf P

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in three commercial fields were treated with 67.2 kg P/ha from triple super phosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP) and compared to a control in a randomized complete-block design with 12 blocks. Correction of P deficiency by fertilizers with different ratios of P to N was assessed by leaf nutrient concentrations. Samples of stems collected in July from three 0.03-m2 quadrats per treatment plot indicated MAP and DAP had no effect on dry weight of stem tissue, but increased average dry weight of leaf tissue. P and N Leaf concentrations were raised to higher levels by MAP and DAP than by TSP. TSP had no effect on leaf N concentrations but raised leaf P concentrations compared to controls. Stem length, flower buds per stem and flower bud density were increased by both MAP and DAP, but not TSP. MAP and DAP increased fruit yield by about 340 kg/ha compared to the control.

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Pruning Method Affects Lowbush Blueberry Yields

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.784c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 784C-784

Author(s):

John M. Smagula ◽

Scott Dunham

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Diammonium Phosphate ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Pruning Method ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Main Effect ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Leaf P

Flail mowing was compared to traditional pruning by oil fire over a 12-year period in two fertility experiments testing interactions with pruning method. In study one (1983–1986), urea at 0, 22.4, 44.8, 67.2, or 89.6 kg·ha–1 was applied preemergent in a split-block design with fertility as the main effect, and pruning method split within six blocks. Study two (1987–1994) continued the pruning and application of fertilizer on the treatment plots with similar rates, but diammonium phosphate (DAP) replaced urea as the fertilizer. Leaf tissue N concentrations were above the 1.6% standard and urea had no effect or decreased yield. There was no interaction of fertility and pruning and no effect of pruning method on yield. No interaction of fertility and pruning was found in study two, but DAP increased leaf P concentrations and yield and, after three cycles of mowing, yields had begun to decline in mowed plots compared to burned plots. No meaningful differences in leaf nutrient concentrations were found between plants in mowed and burned plots.

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Correcting Lowbush Blueberry Boron Deficiency with Soil or Foliar Application

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.5.827d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 827D-828

Author(s):

J.M. Smagula ◽

W. Litten ◽

S. Dunham

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Boron Deficiency ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Potential Yield ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Leaf P

In the acid podzol soils of Maine where most lowbush blueberries are grown, low availability of boron tends to keep foliar B concentration below the 24 ppm standard. To compare efficacy of soil and foliar boron application methods, 1.5 × 7.6-m treatment plots in a commer-cial lowbush blueberry field received soil-applied borate at 0, 1.1, 2.2, or 3.3 kg·ha-1 B with or without additional DAP (89 kg·ha-1 P) and ZnSO4 (3.3 kg·ha-1 Zn) or foliar-applied Solubor at 0, 0.24, 0.49, or 0.74 kg·ha-1 B with or without the additional DAP and Zn. These 16 treatments were replicated eight times in a randomized complete-block design. Leaf B concentrations were raised by all soil-applied borate treatments and by the 0.49 and 0.74 kg·ha-1 B foliar Solubor treatments, compared to the controls. When borate at 2.2 or 3.3 kg·ha-1 B was combined with DAP plus Zn a lower leaf B concentration was observed compared to B alone, possibly due to a dilution effect caused by an increase in DAP-induced growth. Leaf P deficiency (<0.125% P) was corrected when DAP and Zn were included in the fertilizer treatment. The greatest potential yield (flower buds/stem and flower bud density) was measured in treatment plots receiving a combination of DAP plus Zn and either borate at 2.2 kg·ha-1 B or Solubor at 0.74 kg·ha-1 B. With no additional treatments applied in 1999, leaf B concentrations were slightly higher in soil-treated and foliar-treated plots than in controls suggesting a small carryover from 1997-applied boron. Carryover may vary with rainfall.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2020.v10.i01.p03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

NI KADEK ARYANI ◽

I NYOMAN RAI ◽

NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Root Infection ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with carrier media did not significantly influence the growth of salak seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

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LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1148d ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1148d-1148

Author(s):

John M. Smagula ◽

M. Susan Erich.

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Nutrition Surveys ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Phosphorus Application ◽

Phosphorus Levels

Nutrition Surveys of commercial blueberry fields in 1987 and 1988 indicated leaf phosphorus levels were below the standard (0.125%) in most fields. To determine if phosphorus was limiting, liquid phosphorus (23% phosphoric acid) was applied preemergence at 0, 22.4, 44.8 67.2, or 88.6 kg/ha to 3 commercial blueberry fields identified in 1987 as very low (<.111%), 3 low (.111-.125%), and 3 adequate (>.125%) in leaf phosphorus. Phosphorus concentration in leaf tissue sampled in July 1989 increased linearly with increasing rates of phosphorus. Phosphorus application raised leaf phosphorus levels more in fields which had levels below 0.125%. Fields with higher phosphorus levels were also higher in leaf nitrogen, potassium, and calcium.

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Effects of Raising Lowbush Blueberry Leaf Cu Concentration on Growth and Yield

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1107b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1107B-1107

Author(s):

John M. Smagula ◽

Ilse W. Fastook

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Plot Design ◽

Leaf N ◽

Effect On Growth

Two experiments evaluated the Trevett (1972) Cu standard of 7 ppm by raising leaf Cu concentrations in a commercial blueberry field having low (∼4 ppm) leaf Cu concentrations. A foliar spray of Cu Keylate (5% Cu) (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.) in a volume of 627 L·ha-1 applied 0, 0.56 1.12, 1.68, or 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu. Ammonium sulfate at 3.1 kg·ha-1 was added to the solutions to enhance Cu absorption. A preemergent soil application of Micromate Calcium Fortified Mix (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.), a micronutrient mixture containing Cu (0.3%), was also tested at 14 kg·ha-1. These 6 treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete-block design in 2001. Treatments were reapplied in 2003 in a split-plot design with Cu treatments as the main plots and an application of DAP at 448 kg·ha-1 as the split plots. In 2001, leaf Cu concentrations increased linearly, up to 12 ppm, with increasing rates of Cu, but Micromate had no effect. Leaf N and P concentrations were below the standards of 1.6% and 0.125%, respectively, and could explain why raising leaf Cu concentrations had no effect on growth or yield. In 2003, DAP corrected the N and P deficiency and leaf Cu concentrations were raised to above the 7 ppm standard with 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu, but again, no effect on growth or yield was found. The Cu standard appears to be too high.

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Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Natural Ericaceous Root and Soil Inoculum (NERS): Effects on Container-grown Ericaceous Nursery Crop Biomass, Tissue Nutrient Concentration, and Leachate Nutrient Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.5.799 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 799-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gladis M. Zinati ◽

John Dighton ◽

Arend-Jan Both

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Substrate Medium

We tested the effects of using an inoculum containing natural ericoid roots and soil (NERS) with two fertilizer and irrigation rates on plant growth, shoot (stems and leaves) nutrient concentration, leachate quality, and mycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Coast Leucothoe [Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don] and Japanese Pieris [Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don]. Uniform rooted liners were grown in 10.8-L containers in a pine bark, peatmoss, and sand (8:1:1 by volume) substrate medium in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A controlled-release fertilizer, Polyon® Plus 14-16-8 (14N–7P–6.6K), was incorporated in the substrate medium at the 100% manufacturer's recommended fertilizer rate [representing high fertilizer rate (HF)] (56 g per container) to supply 7.84 g nitrogen (N) and at 50% the manufacturer's recommended rate [representing low fertilizer rate (LF)]. Plants were irrigated using a cyclic drip irrigation system at high (HI) and low (LI) irrigation rates calibrated to supply 25.2 L of water and 16.8 L per week, respectively. On average, NERS inoculation increased shoot growth of Leucothoe and Pieris by 56% and 60%, respectively. Shoots of Leucothoe inoculated with NERS had higher N, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) concentrations than non-inoculated plants. At LF, nitrous-N (NOx-N) and orthophosphorus (PO4-P) concentrations in the leachate were reduced by 53% from Leucothoe and 62% from Pieris compared with HF-treated plants. A reduction of 37% and 36% in PO4-P concentration in leachates from Leucothoe and Pieris, respectively, were achieved at the reduced irrigation (LI) rate. The NERS inoculation reduced PO4-P concentrations in leachate from Leucothoe by 26% and NOx-N concentration by 33% in leachates from Pieris compared with non-inoculated plants. Compared with plants grown in the HI–HF treatment, the combination of LI–LF treatment reduced NOx-N concentrations in leachates from Leucothoe by 60% (P = 0.016) and reduced PO4-P leachate concentrations from Pieris by 72% (P = 0.0096). Decreasing the fertilizer rate to 50% of the recommended rate and the irrigation rate to 67% of the recommended rate in conjunction with the incorporation of NERS reduced leachate nutrient concentrations of two main water pollutants (NOx-N and PO4-P). Adopting the practice of adding NERS containing fungi and bacteria can be an effective system to increase shoot dry weight, allow reduction in fertilizer application, conserve water for irrigation, and minimize subsequent nutrient runoff in nursery operations.

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Variations of leaf N, P concentrations in shrubland biomes across northern China: phylogeny, climate and soil

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-12-18973-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 18973-18998 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

X. Yang ◽

X. Chi ◽

C. Ji ◽

H. Liu ◽

W. Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nutrient ◽

Northern China ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Soil P ◽

P Concentration ◽

N Concentration ◽

Leaf N Concentration ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Leaf P ◽

Leaf N

Abstract. Concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key leaf traits in ecosystem functioning and dynamics. Foliar stoichiometry varies remarkably among life forms. However, previous studies have focused on trees and grasses, leaving the knowledge gap for the stoichiometric patterns of shrubs. In this study, we explored the intra- and interspecific variations of leaf N and P concentration in relation to climate, soil property and evolutionary history based on 1486 samples composed of 163 shrub species from 361 shrubland sites in northern China expanding 46.1° (86.7–132.8° E) in longitude and 19.8° (32.6–52.4° N) in latitude. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased with precipitation, leaf P concentration decreased with temperature and increased with precipitation and soil P concentration. Both leaf N and P concentrations were phylogenetically conserved, but leaf P concentration was less conserved than leaf N concentration. At community level, climates explained more interspecific, while soil nutrient explained more intraspecific, variation of leaf nutrient concentrations. These results suggested that leaf N and P concentrations responded to climate, soil, and phylogeny in different ways. Climate influenced the community chemical traits through the shift in species composition, whereas soil directly influenced the community chemical traits.

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EFFECT OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-121 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 813-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ERIC J. HANSON ◽

AMR. A. ISMAIL ◽

ROLAND A. STRUCHTEMEYER

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Growing Season ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned mechanically by flail mowing, or thermally by oil burning in the spring or fall. The pruning treatments had no effect on soil organic matter or pH. Leaf tissue samples taken from burned plants the first growing season after pruning were higher in N and P, but lower in Ca than leaf samples from mowed plants. Leaf tissue samples taken the second growing season following pruning were not influenced by treatments.

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Hydroponic screening of traditional rice varieties in Assam, India to estimate their potential resistance to Al toxicity under P deficiency

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1793 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zina Moni Shandilya ◽

Bhaben Tanti

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Trivalent Cation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Culture ◽

Traditional Rice

Acid soils encompass nearly one-third of the available terrestrial land surface worldwide. Acidic soil is one of the major abiotic constraints for agricultural practices by potentially creating aluminum (Al) toxicity and/or phosphorous (P) deficiency. Assam, being an agricultural state of India, has the majority of its area covered by acidic soils due to the varied terrain in the region. Soil acidification increases the solubility of Al present in the soil from its nontoxic silicate or oxide forms into highly phytotoxic ionic Al (mainly the trivalent cation Al<sup>3+</sup>). Ionic Al can form complexes with the available phosphorous leading to plant nutrient deficiency. In the present investigation, screening of traditional rice varieties from Assam was conducted for tolerance to combined Al toxicity and P deficiency. Seedlings of 41 rice landraces from various agro-climatic locations were subjected to three different concentrations of Al (0, 50, 100 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h under P deficiency in static nutrient culture to identify the extent of their resistance to these stressed conditions. Different morpho-physiological parameters (root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight yields, chlorophyll and relative water content) were evaluated after stress treatment. All the experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Based on the overall morphological characters, total stress response index (TSRI) was calculated which showed a variation ranging from 18 to 23. Accordingly, the varieties were classified into different groups of resistance. Varieties ‘Moti’ and ‘Baismuthi’ were found to be the least resistant, whereas ‘Holpuna’, ‘Beto’, and ‘Soria Sali’ were identified as most tolerant varieties to Al toxicity under P deficiency. The findings of the present investigation could be exploited for developing promising varieties in future rice breeding programs.

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