scholarly journals Chlorothalonil Fungicides Reduce Vase Life but not Yield of Leatherleaf Fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching]

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1101
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Daniel W. McColley
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Rumohra Adiantiformis

Established ground beds of leatherleaf fern were sprayed repeatedly with water, a flowable formulation of thiophanate-methyl, or one of four formulations of chlorothalonil on a predominantly weekly schedule. None of the treatments produced visible phytotoxicity symptoms or had any effect on yield (frond number and total fresh mass). However, average masses of fronds from plots treated with a liquid formulation of chlorothalonil were 21% greater than those from control plots. All chlorothalonil formulations left visible residues on the fronds and reduced frond vase life compared to fronds treated with water or thiophanate-methyl. Reduced vase life was due to more rapid desiccation of chlorothalonil-treated fronds. During those months (July—Sept.) when postharvest desiccation is most common, chlorothalonil reduced vase life of fronds by 36% to 62%. Vase life of fronds was generally reduced more by dry chlorothalonil formulations than by liquid ones, probably due to slightly higher application rates of dry formulations. Determination of the mode of action could lead to an understanding of the causes of frond curl syndrome. Until a remedy is found, chlorothalonil should not be used repeatedly on leatherleaf fern. Chemical names used: tetrachlorisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil); dimethyl [(1,2-phenylene)-bis(iminocarbonothioyl)]bis[carbamate]) (thiophanate-methyl).

Prodiamine Controlled Florida Betony (Stachys floridana) in Leatherleaf Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rumohra Adiantiformis ◽  
Germination And Growth

Field and container studies were conducted to determine effects of prodiamine on Florida betony and leatherleaf fern. Effects of Florida betony competition on leatherleaf fern frond yield and quality were also determined. Seed germination and growth and flowering of established Florida betony decreased with increasing prodiamine application rates; 4.5 kg ai ha-1or higher prevented seed germination and eliminated or nearly eradicated established betony one year after treatment. Prodiamine treatments up to 6.7 kg ai ha-1did not affect leatherleaf fern growth, frond yield (number, fresh weight) or quality (color, size, vase life). When leatherleaf fern and Florida betony were grown together in containers for 7 mo, fern frond yield and quality were reduced.

Cell lineage of homeotic mutants of Drosophila

1985 ◽  
Vol 312 (1153) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Lineage Analysis

The homeotic genes specify the development of specific groups of precursor cells. They establish the correct state of determination of the different primordia. Cell lineage analysis has been particularly useful in studying the mode of action of homeotic genes. The main findings are: (i) most, perhaps all, the homeotic genes are required by every cell of the corresponding primordium (that is, they are cell autonomous); (ii) they act on anatomical units defined by compartment boundaries and including one or more compartments, (iii) most, but not all, homeotic genes are required until the end of the larval period; (iv) the homeotic genes act in combination so that the appropriate development of a given primordium may be established by the contribution of several homeotic genes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Root and Yield Related Morphological Characters in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Effect On Yield

AbstractRelation between morphological traits of the root system and yield related traits is an important issue concerning efforts aiming at improving of ideotype of cultivated plants species, including pea. In this paper, to analyse the dependency between traits describing the root system morphology and yield potential, Person’s andSpearman's_correlations as well as canonical correlations were used.Root system was analyzed in 14 and 21 day-old seedlings growing in blotting-paper cylinders. Yield potential of pea was analysed in a field experiment. Results of Person’s and Spearman's_correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density were correlated witch yield related traits. Correlation between root length and shoot length was observed only for 14 day-old seedlings. The result of canonical correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density had the largest effect on yield related traits. This work highlights, that in order to improve the yield of pea it might become necessary to understand genetic determination of morphological traits of the root system, especially number of lateral roots.

Effect of postharvest dipping in insecticides on the vase life of Geraldton waxflower

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Seaton ◽  
DC Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

In postharvest dipping treatment of Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum), 13 insecticides tested at recommended application rates caused no visual injury, but some reduced vase life. Flowers of cv. Purple Pride were more sensitive to insecticides than leaves. There was no loss of vase life of flowers following dipping in chlorpyrifos, dimethoate or permethrin. Following dipping in deltamethrin, carbaryl, dichlorvos, cypermethrin, endosulfan or fenvalerate there was 31-49% loss of vase life. No loss of vase life was observed for cv. Alba, after dipping in carbaryl, fenvalerate or dimethoate. Insecticide dips containing wetting agent and a fungicide (e.g. a combination of deltamenthrin, Aqua and benomyl) was a suitable dip for Geraldton waxflower. Wetting agents varied in their effect on vase life. Aqua shortened vase life less than Agral, and D-CTrate less than D-C-Tron. Stems rapidly lost weight when held out of water following dipping, and vase life was reduced when ambient temperatures were above 30�C or drying times exceeded 60 min. It was concluded that flowers should be kept cool and well hydrated following dipping treatment.

scholarly journals Digital processing of leaf area of soybeans, subjected to different treatments of seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
M. L. V. Passos ◽  
J. B. C. Souza ◽  
E. A. Silva ◽  
C. A. A. C. Silva ◽  
W. S. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Destructive

Digital image processing, when applied to the study of leaf area, allows the integration of the direct measurement and non-destructive, and thus preserves the integrity of the plant. The objective was the quantification of the leaf area of soybean, cv. FTS Paragominas RR, submitted to different treatments of seed with the use of the computer program ImageJ, and basic presuppositions of image processing. The experiment was conducted at the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Environmental, Federal University of Maranhão, in Chapadinha (MA), in the period from February to June 2018. The seeds of soybean 'Paragominas RR' were submitted to the technique of seed treatment, consisting of three fungicides of the active ingredients, thiophanate methyl + fluazinam, fludioxonil and carbendazim + tiram, an insecticide active ingredient fipronil and the control. The leaf area was analyzed in the growth phase, through the use of digital camera and ImageJ®. The use of the routines in the computer program ImageJ® were effective for the determination of leaf area of the soybean submitted to different treatments of the seed. The thiophanate methyl + fluazinam in the dose 200 mL per 100 kg of seeds showed beneficial effects on growth of the cv. FTS Paragominas RR, as estimated by the leaf area.

Mode of action of AgNO3 in maximizing vase life of Dendrobium ‘Pompadour’ flowers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Yenchit Piyasaengthong ◽  
Sutruedee Prathuangwong
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Vase Life

Inclusion of 1-Naphthylacetic Acid and 2-(1-Naphthyl)acetamide into Three Typical Multiresidue Methods for LC/MS/MS Analysis of Tomatoes and Zucchini

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lozano ◽  
Andrés Pérez-Parada ◽  
Horacio Heinzen ◽  
Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
Negative Electrospray Ionization

Abstract In spite of high plant growth regulator application rates, little has been reported in the literature on determination of their residues in fruits and vegetables. This would be useful in monitoring good manufacturing practices and overall safety through the enforcement of maximum residue levels (MRLs). The present work describes method validation for the determination of 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 2(1-naphthyl)acetamide (NAAm) in tomato and zucchini using the mini-Luke, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and acetate-buffered quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) methods. Samples were spiked at two different levels: 50 and 100 μg/kg for NAA and 20 and 100 μg/kg for NAAm. These compounds were analyzed within the same chromatographic run with LC coupled to triple quadrupole MS (LC/(QqQ)MS/MS) in positive and negative electrospray ionization [ESI(+) and ESI(–)] modes for NAAm and NAA, respectively. For analyte confirmation, LC/ESI(-)QTOF-MS was also investigated given that NAA has only one multiple reaction monitoring transition (185.1→140.9 m/z). These three common methods were used to determine linearity, recoveries, precision (RSD), matrix effects, repeatability, and reproducibility (n = 5) for the selected matrixes. In terms of the Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (DG-SANCO) guidelines, only insignificant differences were found for the multiresidue methods tested, regardless of the commodity. Matrix-matched calibration was used, and LODs were below 10.1 μg/kg for NAA and 6.0 μg/kg for NAAm, which were lower than the MRLs established in current European Union legislation for these compounds. Obtained recoveries for NAA ranged from 87 to 107% with RSD values below 10% for mini-Luke, 83 to 107% with RSD <11% for EtOAc, and 76 to 85% with RSD ≤7% for QuEChERS. NAAm recoveries ranged from 74 to 102% with RSD ≤ 15% for mini-Luke, 76 to 97% with RSD <4% for EtOAc, and 76 to 93% with RSD ≤ 5% for QuEChERS. The linearity of the response over two orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r2 > 0.996) for all methods used. Good repeatability and reproducibility in terms of RSD were obtained (11.3–17.8%) for these analytical methods. The results were acceptable within the studied ranges for both analytes in all methods. As these multiresidue methods are used at the present time in many laboratories, this survey indicates that these analytes should be included in their monitoring scope.

Simultaneous determination of five pesticides residues in Anoectochilus roxburghii by HPLC-MS/MS method

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Liqun WU ◽  
◽  
Mingke LUO ◽  
Wensheng HE ◽  
Wenting CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Anoectochilus Roxburghii

Objective： To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of five pesticides residues including tebuconazole，metalaxyl-M，thiophanate-methyl，oxytetracycline and abamectin in Anoectochilus roxburghii.Methods： The samples were extracted by acetonitrile solution and purified by QuEChERS method.Separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column（50 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm） with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid（A） and acetonitrile（B） by gradient elution（0-1.0 min，90% A；1.0-3.0 min，90%-70% A;3.0-5.0 min，70%-30% A;5.0-8.0 min，30%-10% A;8.0-14.0 min，10% A;14.0-15.0 min，10%-90% A;15.0-17.0 min，90% A）.Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source operating in positive ion mode under multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode.Results： The calibration curves of five pesticides showed good linearity coefficients（r>0.99）.The average recoveries ranged from 72.7% to 94.9%（n=6），and the relative standard derivations（RSDs） were within 1.8%-10.3%（n=6）.The detection limits of tebuconazole，metalaxyl-M，thiophanate-methyl，oxytetracycline and abamectin were 0.6，0.2，0.3，0.2，5.0 μg/kg，and the quantitation limits of 5 pesticides were 2.0，0.5，1.0，0.6 and 10.0 μg/kg respectively.Conclusion： The established method was proved to be sensitive，simple and reliable，and could be applied for the determination of these five pesticides in Anoectochilus roxburghii and quality control in the planting process.

Schedule of bortezomib administration may be an important determinant of single-agent activity in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular (FL) lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8051-8051 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O'Connor ◽  
P. Hamlin ◽  
C. Moskowitz ◽  
D. Straus ◽  
A. Noy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Multi Center Study

8051 Background: We previously demonstrated the significant activity of bortezomib for the treatment of FL and MCL. The activity in MCL has been confirmed in a multi-center study leading to the recent approval by the FDA. The demonstrated activity was observed on the twice weekly schedule. Recent data using bortezomib in combination with rituximab suggested that weekly bortezomib was less toxic and possibly equally as efficacious as twice weekly bortezomib. This study does not allow a determination of weekly single agent activity alone. We sought to evaluate the single agent activity of bortezomb in FL and MCL administered on a weekly schedule. Methods: Pts with FL and MCL were treated with bortezomib at a dose of 1.8 mg/m2 weekly for 4 of 6 consecutive weeks. To date, 20 pts (12 FL, 8 MCL) have been treated on this schedule, of which 18 are assessable for response. Two pts were inevaluable: 1 pt received steroids for bronchitis (MCL); and 1 pt (FL) with grade 2 diarrhea withdraw consent making her data inaccessible. Results: The range of cycles administered was 1 to 8, with a median of 2. The weekly dosing schedule was well tolerated with 1 pt. developing neuropathy (grade 3). Fourteen pts completed at least two cycles of therapy and underwent restaging. Two pts had a PR (both FL), 8 had SD (5 FL, 3 MCL) and 4 had POD (2 FL, 2 MCL). The other 4 evaluable patients are now being restaged. Conclusions: These data suggest weekly dosing with bortezomib may not be as effective as twice weekly. Typically, bortezomib administered on the twice weekly schedule has an ORR of 30% in MCL and 50% in FL. Additionally, the frequency of pts. experiencing POD appears to be less common on the twice weekly schedule. One difference in the schedules is the dose intensity and dose density. A cycle of twice weekly bortezomib administers 1.7 mg/m2/week, while a weekly schedule administers only 1.2 mg/m2/week, a 30% difference in dose intensity and a 100% difference in dose density (1.33 × per week vs. .67 × per week). What remains unclear from a pharmacologic perspective is the relative importance of high Cmax vs high AUC exposures, and their impact on both toxicity and efficacy. These data suggest that schedule is critical in the activity of bortezomib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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