scholarly journals 007 Evaluation of the Spring Frost Susceptibility of Strawberry Genotypes Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389A-389
Author(s):  
S. Khanizadeh ◽  
J.R. DeEll ◽  
N. Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Frost Injury

Frost tolerance of flower buds is one of the most important characteristics of strawberry cultivars that produce fruit early or very early in the season. The objective of this study was to evaluate chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) as a suitable rapid method to assess spring frost injury of strawberry flowers. More specifically, to determine if there was a relationship between a decrease in CF and the appearance of visual symptoms (visual expression of necrosis (VEN) based on the amount of dark, damaged, and/or water soaked tissue of the pistil) due to frost. Sixty-six strawberry genotypes with varying levels of chilling susceptibility were used. The plants were grown in a greenhouse under a 16-h light period at 20-22 °C during the daytime and 16-18 °C at night. For the CF and VEN measurements, the plants were stored at -3 °C for 24 h followed by 24 h in the greenhouse. The CF measurements were made on dark-adapted tissue, using the Fv/Fm test of an OS-500 modulated fluorometer. For the VEN method, the flowers which had dark, damaged, and/or water soaked pistils were counted. The results showed that variable fluorescence (Fv) decreased as the temperature was lowered. The spring frost resistant cultivars maintained Fv at a stable level and had a smaller regression slope (ß1), whereas the susceptible cultivars showed a very dramatic decrease in Fv. The CF method gave results that correlated with the VEN results. The strong relationship between chilling tolerance determined via visual and florescence techniques supports the use of CF in selecting resistant spring frost selections in a breeding program. The use of CF will allow the breeder not only to select for spring frost-resistant selections independently of environmental changes, but also to select frost resistant seedlings prior to planting in the field.

scholarly journals The effect of storage temperature of cucumber fruit on chlorophyll fluorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kosson
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Relative Variable ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Relative Variable Fluorescence

The effect of three storage temperature levels: 12,5°C, 20°C, and 1,5°C on basic indexes of chlorophyll fluorescence of cucumber fruits was studied. The greenhouse grown cucumber fruits cv. Wiktor F1 were stored in perforated polyethylene bags or without packages. The minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo), maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and relative variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the cucumber peel were measured. Relative variable fluorescence was decTeasing when cucumbers were stored at temperature lower or higher than optimum level. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can be helpful for determination of appropriate temperature parameters of cucumber storage.

Chlorophyll fluorescence-gross primary productivity relationships during the spring awakening of an evergreen needleleaf forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Schwarz ◽  
Karolina Sakowska ◽  
Klaudia Ziemblińska ◽  
Paulina Dukat ◽  
Marek Urbaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Gross Primary Productivity ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Spring Awakening ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Spectrometer System

<p>Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been shown as a promising approach for the estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP), but whether SIF is merely a function of canopy structure or also contains precious physiological information, is presently heavily discussed. In this study, the SIF-GPP relationship was quantified at a Pinus sylvestris forest (Mezyk, Poland) during a series of short-term cold spells throughout the spring awakening to investigate the potential of SIF as a proxy for GPP during this period characterized by cold stress. GPP was inferred from the net ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>exchange measured by the eddy covariance technique. Canopy-scale SIF was measured using a high-resolution spectrometer system and retrieved via spectral fitting (SFM) algorithms. Active leaf-scale chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were conducted on seven branches using an automated field-deployable fluorometer system. Our results demonstrate a clear difference in GPP and the utilization of chlorophyll-absorbed energy between cold spell and warm days. At short, sub-daily time scales, the correlation between SIF and GPP was minor, but increased significantly when observed over extended temporal periods, when SIF exhibited a seasonal pattern that was more closely aligned with the GPP. Furthermore, the strong relationship between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) shows good potential to better estimate GPP when integrated in the SIF-GPP model, as the integration of PRI overall increased the relation between SIF and GPP.</p>

scholarly journals Foliar Heat Tolerance of Two Hybrid Hollies

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Physiologic Data

Temperatures producing heat damage in leaves of Ilex ×meserveae S.Y. Hu `Blue Prince' and Ilex rugosa × cornuta Lindl. & Paxt. `Mesdob' (China Boy) were evaluated using electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Whole leaves were exposed to temperatures from 30 to 65C for 30 minutes to determine critical midpoint heat-killing temperatures (TJ using electrolyte leakage techniques. The Tm for `Blue Prince' and `Mesdob' was 52.4 ± 0.lC and 53.8 ± 0.lC, respectively. Dark-adapted leaves were heated for 30 minutes in darkness at temperatures between 30 and 57C before chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. Initial (F0) and peak fluorescence measurements were higher at 54 and 55C for `Mesdob' than for `Blue Prince'. Cultivar had no effect on variable fluorescence (F,). Based on the Fv: Fo ratio, `Mesdob' was estimated to have a higher optimal plant growth temperature than `Blue Prince'. The physiologic data support the hypothesis that I. cornuta as a parent conferred heat tolerance to the interspecific hybrid in this study.

scholarly journals Budbreak and Winter Injury in Exotic Firs

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Jones ◽  
B.M. Cregg
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Reduce Risk

Seventeen Abies species were evaluated for budbreak and frost injury at four locations in Michigan. Freeze tests were conducted on four species growing at the Horticulture Teaching and Research Center to determine cold hardiness levels during winter. Species differed (P ≤ 0.0001) in their days to budbreak at all locations. Trees that had broken bud were more prone to late spring frost damage than trees yet to break bud. Species differed in chlorophyll fluorescence, bud damage, and needle damage after exposure to –44 °C. Bud, foliar, and cambium damage were correlated with chlorophyll fluorescence following freeze tests. Budbreak and midwinter cold hardiness were correlated. Species breaking bud earlier displayed greater midwinter cold hardiness than species breaking bud later. Selection criteria for future Abies introductions to the upper midwestern U.S. should include identifying species with late budbreak to reduce risk of late frost injury.

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots of Vitis vinifera cultivars and interspecific hybrids in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
One Year

Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots ofVitis viniferacultivars and interspecific hybrids in PolandFollowing the winter of 2009/2010, an assessment of frost damage was carried out on the vines of 40 wine cultivars and 32 table grape cultivars grown in central Poland (Skierniewice, latitude 51° 57' N, longitude 20° 08' E). The minimum winter temperature of -28.1°C was recorded on 26 January 2010. Cultivars were assigned to five classes of different frost tolerance, according to information on the percentage of frozen buds: very resistant (below 1.9%), resistant (2 - 24.9%), medium susceptible (25 - 74.9%), susceptible (75 - 95.9%) and very susceptible (above 96%). The numbers of wine and table cultivars in each class were as follows: very resistant - 5 (wine) and 3 (table), resistant - 2 and 5, medium susceptible - 15 and 10, susceptible - 13 and 9 and very susceptible - 5 and 5. The most tolerant were the ‘Alwood’, ‘Delaware’, ‘Fredonia’ and ‘Zilga’ interspecific hybrids of theVitis labruscanagroup; the ‘Aurore’, ‘Marechal Foch’ and ‘Leon Millot’ hybrids originating fromV. vinifera, V. rupestris, V. ripariaandV. lincecumiiand ‘Sibera’ originating fromV. viniferaandV. amurensis.More than 96% of buds froze on the vines of some interspecific hybrids (‘Arkadia’, ‘Fanny’, ‘Kodrianka’ and ‘Lilla’). ‘Ortega’, ‘Nektar’, ‘Cserszegi Fueszeres’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Chasselas Dore’ from theV. viniferacultivars showed the best tolerance to frost damage (42.5-62% of frozen buds). The buds of theV. viniferacultivars ‘Acolon’, ‘Dakapo’ and ‘Favorit’ all froze. Plant parts covered with soil and snow were not exposed to significant damage, even in the case of susceptible cultivars.

Decreased photosynthetic efficiency in plant species exposed to multiple airborne pollutants along the Russian-Norwegian border

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Odasz-Albrigtsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Patrick Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Study Sites

Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) in 11 plant species growing along a steep gradient of airborne pollution along the Russian-Norwegian border (70°N, 30°E). Photosynthetic efficiency was positively correlated with environmental variables including annual temperature and a maritime gradient and was negatively correlated with the airborne concentrations of Cu, Ni, and SO2 from the Cu-Ni smelters. Photosynthetic efficiency in six plant species from the mixed forest, but not pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and three species from the birch forest was inversely correlated with SO2 and the concentrations of Ni and Cu in lichens. Measurement of fluorescence in these species was a sensitive indicator of pollutant impact. Plant cover at the 16 study sites and the photosynthetic efficiency of five target species correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. This study demonstrated that it is possible to detect relations among field-measured ecophysiological responses in plants, levels of airborne pollutants, and satellite remote-sensed data.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, smelters, sulfur dioxide, nickel, copper, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

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