scholarly journals Effects of Seed Coat Treatment and Stratification on the Germination Rate of Montezuma Cypress

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 787E-788
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Denny* ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Seed Treatments

An experiment was initiated to evaluate the effects of previously recommended seed treatments for baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] or pondcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. var. imbricarium (Nutt.) Croom] on Montezuma cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. var. mexicanum Gordon], and to determine which, if any, provided optimum germination. Factorial combinations of seed treatments and stratification (2 °C for 0, 45, or 90 d) were applied to seeds of Montezuma cypress. Treatments included: 1) 90% ethanol 5 min soak, 2) ethyl ether 5 min soak, 3) 100 mg·L-1 citric acid 48 h soak, 4) mechanical scarification, 5) five hot water baths (42 °C) allowing the water to cool to room temperature between baths, and 6) a non-treated control. Three more seed treatments consisted of water soaks at room temperature (25 °C) for 0, 45, or 90 d. Seeds were germinated on moist filter paper in a growth chamber with a 12-h day/night photoperiod at a constant 25 °C. Data was collected daily for 14 d and then weekly for the following 4 wks. Radicle elongation of 1 cm was considered germination. Without stratification, 100 mg·L-1 citric acid and the hot water bath treatments were significantly different from other treatments by 7 d, though not from each other, with a mean cumulative germination of 15.6% and 12.2%, respectively. By 14 d, the 100 mg·L-1 citric acid treatment differed only from the ethyl ether wash attaining 28.9% and 14.4% germination, respectively. There were no other statistically significant differences observed among any other treatments without stratification. Germination percentages were low,<30%, without stratification. Effects of additional stratification will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Scarification and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Seedling Emergence of Sky-Blue Lupine (Lupinus diffusus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Bijan Dehgan ◽  
Jeffrey G Norcini ◽  
Steven M. Kabat ◽  
Hector E. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Seed Scarification ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Abstract The efficacy of various scarification treatments and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment on seedling emergence of Lupinus diffusus Nutt. (sky-blue lupine) was evaluated. Seed scarified in concentrated sulfuric acid for 90 min followed by immersion in water for 24 hr resulted in the best emergence of viable seed (≈ 41%). Mechanical scarification with sandpaper for up to 30 min did not improve seedling emergence. Immersing seed in 90C (194F) water which was then allowed to cool for 24 hr apparently killed or severely injured the embryos as no seedlings emerged from seeds treated with hot water. There was only 5% seedling emergence for nonscarified seed that were soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hr. Emergence was not improved by soaking scarified seed in 1000 mg/liter (ppm) GA3 for 24 hr prior to sowing the seeds.

Effect of Peeling Method on the Absorption of Aqueous Bisulfite by Green Bananas

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez Nieva ◽  
M. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hot Water

Peeling of green bananas is facilitated by heating the fruit in steam or hot water. When fruit peeled with hot water and steam was sulfited in an aqueous K2S2O5 solution at room temperature, sulfite uptake increased with the concentration of the sulfiting solution and the length of the dip, but decreased when the pH of the sulfiting solution was lowered by the addition of citric acid. Lowering the pH of the sulfiting solution lowered the pH and increased the acidity of the fruit, but these changes had no effect on flavor. When steam-peeled fruit blanched in hot water at 200° F (93° C) was sulfited, sulfite uptake increased with length of the treatment; when fruit was blanched in steam, sulfite uptake decreased as time of blanching increased.

scholarly journals Vibriosis and Aeromonas infection in shrimp: Isolation, sequencing, and control

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Mohamed Fadel ◽  
Maather M.M. El-Lamie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature

Background and Aim: Shrimp is one of the most commonly consumed types of seafood. It is a very nutritious healthy food. Shrimp is low in calories and rich in protein and healthy fats. It also contains a treasure trove of vitamins and minerals. On the negative side, it may be affected by many bacterial diseases which affect its health. Furthermore, it may be incriminated as a vector of foodborne illnesses that range from mild gastrointestinal upset to life-threatening diseases. This study was designed to assess the clinical picture and zoonotic importance of vibriosis and Aeromonas infection in live shrimp and to study the antibacterial effect of citric acid (lemon juice) and acetic acid (vinegar) on these pathogens. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 live shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) samples were collected from Suez City, Egypt. The samples were examined clinically, and then, they were enriched into alkaline peptone water and cultivated on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar and ampicillin MacConkey agar for the isolation of Vibrio and Aeromonas species, respectively. The recovered isolates were confirmed biochemically and genotypically using duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The germicidal effects of vinegar and lemon on artificially contaminated shrimp samples with Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus at different times (0.25, 1, 1.5, and 24 h) and temperatures (5° and 30°C) were studied. Results: The results revealed that some of the infected shrimp were hypoxic, lethargic with abnormal swimming behavior. In most cases, body appendages, telsons, uropods, and gills took black coloration. In addition, the hepatopancreas appeared soft, swollen, and congested. The prevalence rates of vibriosis in each of the musculature and hepatopancreas were 4.7%, while the prevalence rates of Aeromonas infection in the musculature and hepatopancreas were 11.8% and 11.2%, respectively. Duplex PCR showed that Aeromonas isolates gave double bands: 237 bp specific for gcat and 500 bp specific for 16S rRNA, while Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates gave single band at 500 bp. The effect of organic acid treatment showed that acetic acid (vinegar 5%) had increasing reduction rates that reached its maximum level after 24 h; where it caused (100% inhibition) for A. hydrophila at both temperatures and (33.63% and 60% inhibition) for V. parahaemolyticus at refrigerator and room temperatures, respectively. Moreover, acetic acid was more effective at room temperature than at refrigerator temperature. Concerning the effect of lemon juice (citric acid), it was more effective than acetic acid at short marination (0.25 and 1 h) at both temperatures for the two pathogens. Moreover, lemon was more effective at refrigerator temperature than at room temperature at the same aforementioned time. The difference between the reduction effects of the two acids on both pathogens was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Overall, the examined shrimp samples were found to be vectors for Vibrio and Aeromonas spp. Application of hygienic measures during handling and cooking of shrimp should be esteemed. The organic acid treatment trial showed that vinegar and lemon juice can be used as a safe and economic method to limit the microbial contamination in seafood.

scholarly journals The Canning of Green Bananas. I. Processing Factors Affecting the Acidification of Hot Water Peeled Fruit

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez-Nieva ◽  
M. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solid Portion ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Processing Factors

Acidification of green bananas by blanching in hot acetic acid or citric acid solutions (160-190° F: 71-88° C) lowered the pH of the fruit at a much faster rate than dipping in the acid solutions at room temperature. A combination of blanching in hot acid solutions and canning in acidified brine proved to be an adequate acidification procedure when using either acetic or citric acids. However, acidification in the can with 2% salt brines acidified to .3-.35% citric acid proved to be the simplest procedure to lower the pH to a safe level for boiling water processing. Storage of acidified samples at room temperature resulted in negligible changes in the stabilization pH and on the pH of the solid portion, but at the end of a year of storage the fruit pH was always higher than the stabilization pH. The acidity of the green fruit affected the pH of the canned acidified product, which increased as the acidity of the raw fresh fruit increased. Unsalted canned bananas were higher in pH and lower in titratable acidity than samples packed in 2% salt brines.

scholarly journals Pre-germination Seed Treatments and Stratification Affect Germination of Montezuma Cypress

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Denny ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Abstract Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard var. mexicanum Gordon (syn. T. mucronatum), Montezuma cypress, is a valuable ornamental tree species tolerant of a wide range of cultural conditions. However, little is know about the propagation requirements of this species. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of previously recommended seed treatments for baldcypress (T. distichum (L.) Richard var. distichum) or pondcypress (T. distichum (L.) Richard var. imbricarium (Nutt.) Croom; syn. T. ascendens, T.d. var. nutans) on Montezuma cypress seeds, and 2) to determine the effects of stratification in combination with pre-germination treatments on germination of Montezuma cypress seeds. Open pollinated seeds were collected from a single tree in Southmost, TX (25° 52.576’ N, 97° 27 .083’ W, elevation 4.5 m, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 9b). Seven pre-germination treatments and three stratification periods were applied to the seeds. If immediate germination of ripe seed is desired, then the best treatments are the citric acid soak and the hot water baths, however, if seeds can be stratified, then no pre-germination seed treatment is needed. Citric acid scarification and hot water baths produced the best germination. Stratification hastened germination rates and cumulative mean germination percentages. Stratification for 45 d appears to be sufficient, although for the best pre-germination treatments stratification requirements were less pronounced.

scholarly journals Germination and Morphology of Sophora secundiflora Seeds Following Scarification

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
One Year ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seeds of Sophora secundiflora (Ort.) Lag ex. DC. (mescal bean) were scarified with hot water or concentrated sulfuric acid to determine an optimal pretreatment for successful germination. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the acid scarification treatment removed the seed cuticle. One-year-old seeds were successfully stored and germinated ≈2 days sooner than from the current year if both were given an acid pretreatment. Germination rate increased as acid pretreatment time increased from 30 to 120 minutes. Soaking seeds in water at room temperature or in hot water (initially 93C) for 24 hours had no effect on germination.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakuan Pencelupan Dan Perendaman Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L.)

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthen Marthen ◽  
Elizabet Kaya ◽  
Herman Rehatta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Two Factors

In developing productive forests, seeds play a crucial role. The seeds of forests tree have physical condition of hard seed coat, especially Leguminoceae family. Silvicultural techniques that can overcome seed coat dormancy are dyeing and submersion of seeds. The knowledge and experience in breaking seed dormancy of Sengon (Paracerianthes falcataria L.) is rare, therefore it is necessary to study how to overcome seed dormancy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dyeing and submersion treatments to overcome seed dormancy of Sengon seed to improve its viability. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: namely Seed (Factor A), dipped in hot water at 60 º C for (A0 = Control, A1 = 2 minutes, A2 = 4 minutes, A3 = 6 minutes), Factor B, seeds soaked in cold water: (B0 = control, B1 = 6 hours of soaking, B2 = 12 hours, B3 = 18 hours, B4 = 24 hours). The parameters observed were germination percentage, germination rate and vigor index. The results showed that among all parameters observed the interaction of factors A1B2, A2B2 and A3B2 were the best treatment for germination percentage which was equal to 100 percent, the best germination rate of 3.897 days and the best vigor index of 27.02

scholarly journals Polyphenols leaching and seed dormancy in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in relation to hot water treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cavallaro ◽  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Giancarlo Fascella ◽  
Alessandra Pellegrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

AbstractCarob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a relevant element of the Mediterranean spontaneous vegetation. Moreover, it is useful in reforestation, and it is currently re-valued for sustainable agriculture in dryland areas. However, the difficulties tied to carob propagation (mainly seed dormancy) hamper its large-scale cultivation. In this paper, the effects of four seed treatments (no treatment [control], soaking at 70 °C and 90 °C in water, or in 96% sulphuric acid) on five carob genotypes germination were studied. As compared to the very low germination of untreated seeds (0–13% germination), sulphuric acid (93–100% germination) and 90 °C water soaking (from 72 to > 90% germination in four out the five genotypes) were effective in promoting germination. Soaking at 90 °C resulted in the leaching of a higher amount of total polyphenols from the genotypes seed coat as compared to soaking at 70 °C. A significant correlation (0.75**) was ascertained between polyphenol leaching of the different genotypes and germination. These results suggest that dormancy in this species is not primarily associated with seed coat hardness, as it is generally thought, but also with the release of polyphenols. Polyphenols determination of the dormant and the few non-dormant seeds of the different genotypes also seem to confirm this hypothesis since these last showed an almost halved total polyphenols content (on average 17.0) as compared to dormant ones (34.8 mg g−1 of seed FW). Further studies may determine the polyphenols involved, but also assess new, easier to carry out, seed treatments. The important role of the galactomannans on seed germination of carob is also discussed. Finally, similar studies may enhance the knowledge of dormancy processes in other Fabaceae species whose germination is positively affected by hot water treatments.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

Cholesterol in Serum and Lipoprotein Fractions

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Anderson ◽  
Ancel Keys
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract 1. Methods are described for the separation, by paper electrophoresis and by cold ethanol, of α- and β-lipoproteins in 0.1 ml. of serum, with subsequent analysis of cholesterol in the separated portions. 2. It is shown that both methods of separation yield separated fractions containing substantially the same amounts of cholesterol. 3. Detailed data are given on the errors of measurement for total cholesterol and for cholesterol in the separated lipoprotein fractions. 4. Studies are reported on the stability of cholesterol in stored serum and on paper electrophoresis strips. It is shown that simple drying on filter paper causes no change in cholesterol content and yields a product that is stable for many weeks at ordinary room temperature. 5. The sources of variability in human serum cholesterol values are examined and it is shown that spontaneous intraindividual variability is a much greater source of error than the errors of measurement with these methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document