scholarly journals The Influence of Drip Irrigation or Subirrigation on Zucchini Squash Grown in Closed-loop Substrate Culture with High and Low Nutrient Solution Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar Afrodite) were grown during a summer–fall season in closed-soilless systems using a mixture peat–pumice to evaluate the effects of irrigation system (drip irrigation and subirrigation) and nutrient solution concentration (half = 1 dS·m−1 and full = 2 dS·m−1) in terms of substrate electrical conductivity (ECs) using the dilution 1:1.5 media:water method, growth, yield, leaf mineral composition, fruit quality, and mineral solution composition. At the end of the cultural cycle, the highest ECs at the upper (0 to 7.5 cm) and lower (7.5 to 15.0 cm) layers were recorded with subirrigation using a full nutrient solution concentration. The highest plant growth, yield, and leaf macroelements concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were recorded in both irrigation systems using a full-strength solution, followed by drip irrigation, and finally by subirrigation treatment using a half-strength nutrient solution. Fruit yield, fruit mineral composition (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), and leaf macroelements concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) were substantially reduced when the concentrations of macronutrients in the feed solution were lowered to 50% of control. Using half-nutrient solution concentration, the marketable yield reduction was more pronounced with subirrigation (58%) than with drip irrigation (42%). The variation of the macronutrient and EC in the solution during the growing cycle was less pronounced in the subirrigation than with the drip irrigation system, which represents an important aspect for the simplification of the closed-loop management of the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on Yield, Fruit Quality, Leaf Gas Exchange, and Mineral Composition of Grafted Watermelon Plants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiseppe Colla ◽  
Youssef Roupahel ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Elvira Rea
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine growth, yield, fruit quality, gas exchange and mineral composition of watermelon plants (Citrullus Lanatus L. `Tex'), either ungrafted or grafted onto two commercial rootstocks `Macis' [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] and `Ercole' (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) and cultured in NFT. Plants were supplied with a nutrient solution having an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 or 5.2 dS·m–1. The saline nutrient solution had the same basic composition, plus an additional of 29 mm of NaCl. Increased salinity in the nutrient solution decreased total yield. The reduction in total yield in saline treatments compared to control was due to a reduction in the fruit mean mass and not to the number of fruit per plant. Total fruit yield was 81% higher in grafted than in ungrafted plants. The lowest marketable yield recorded on ungrafted plants was associated with a reduction in both fruit mean mass and the number of fruits per plant in comparison to grafted plants. Salinity improved fruit quality in all grafting combinations by increasing dry matter (DM), glucose, fructose, sucrose, and total soluble solid (TSS) content. Nutritional qualities of grafted watermelons such as fruit DM, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and TSS content were similar in comparison to those of ungrafted plant. In all grafting combinations, negative correlations were recorded between Na+ and Cl– in the leaf tissue and net assimilation of CO2 Grafting reduced concentrations of sodium, but not chloride, in leaves. However, the sensitivity to salinity was similar between grafted and ungrafted plants and the higher total yield from grafting plants was mainly due to grafting per se.

Impact of drip irrigation scheduling on growth, yield and water use efficiency in chilli crop under western region of Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Gm Plant

Drip irrigation is basically precise and slow application of water in the form of discrete continuous drops, sprayed through mechanical devices, called emitters into the root zone of the plant. The field experiment on Impact of fertigation and drip system layout were conducted at Research farm at IFTM University Moradabad (UP). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with treatments. In chilli maximum yield of 812 g/plant which is worked out as 0.006 t/ha was observed for the treatment T2. Even though the yield for the treatment T2 was high and was due to the reduction in the quantity of material for drip irrigation system. At harvesting time, samples of green pepper fruits were randomly harvested from each plot to measure fruit length, fruit diameter. In addition, total weight of fruits in each treatment were recorded by harvesting pepper fruits twice weekly and then the total yield as Kg/fed., was calculated. The maximum yield of crop 900 gm/plant and minimum of yield 600 gm/plant and total yield 52270 gm (52.270 kg).

Influence du déficit de pression de vapeur et de la photopériode sur la croissance, la productivité et la composition minérale de la tomate de serre

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
D. Iraqi ◽  
L. Gauthier ◽  
M. Dorais ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four vapour pressure defecits (VPD) and three photoperiods on growth, yield and mineral composition of tomato plants. A factorial experiment was conducted from 28 July 1993 to 30 May 1994 in a greenhouse at Laval University Envirotron in Québec, Canada. Four day/night VPD treatments were compared: 1) 0,4/0,4 kPa, 2) 0,97/0,4 kPa, 3) VPD adjusted to a transpiration rate of 800 mL d−1 plant−1 and 4) 0,97/0,97 kPa. For each VPD treatment, three photoperiods were used: 1) 12 h, 2) 14 h and 3) seasonal progressive photoperiod of 12 to 16 h. The highest VPD significantly increased total and marketable yield, biomass and Ca, Mg, K, N and P contents of the leaves. Results obtained with adjusting the VPD to transpiration needs showed no significant differences with those obtained with the highest VPD. Photoperiod effects were not significant. Key words: Vapour pressure defecit, tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, biomass, mineral analysis

scholarly journals Drip-irrigation Scheduling for Fresh-market Tomato Production

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Coverage

Drip-irrigation scheduling techniques for fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were compared in three growing seasons (1989-91). Three regimes were evaluated: EPK [reference evapotranspiration (ETo, corrected Penman) × programmed crop coefficients], ECC (ET0 × a crop coefficient based on estimated percent canopy coverage), and SMD (irrigation at 20% available soil moisture depletion). EPK coefficients ranged from 0.2 (crop establishment) to 1.1 (full canopy development). Percent canopy coverage was estimated from average canopy width ÷ row width. Irrigation in the SMD treatment was initiated at -24 kPa soil matric tension, with recharge limited to 80% of daily ET0. The EPK and ECC regimes gave similar fresh fruit yields and size distributions in all years. With the EPK scheduling technique, there was no difference in crop response between daily irrigation and irrigation three times per week. In all seasons, ECC scheduling resulted in less total water applied than EPK scheduling and averaged 76% of seasonal ET0 vs. 86% for EPK. Irrigating at 20% SMD required an average of only 64% of seasonal ET0; marketable yield was equal to the other scheduling techniques in 1989 and 1991, but showed a modest yield reduction in 1990. Using an SMD regime to schedule early season irrigation and an ECC system to guide application from mid-season to harvest may be the most appropriate approach for maximizing water-use efficiency and crop productivity.

scholarly journals Response of Chosen American Asparagus officinalis L. Cultivars to Drip Irrigation on the Sandy Soil in Central Europe: Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Anna Figas ◽  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
Piotr Prus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to verify the response of 13 American asparagus cultivars cultivated for green spear on surface postharvest drip irrigation. Irrigation, used to compensate for periodic deficiencies in precipitation, allows for high- and good-quality crops for many species. The field experiment was carried out in 2006–2008 on a very light sandy soil in central Europe (Poland). Irrigation treatments were applied using the tensiometer indications. Water requirements of asparagus were calculated on the base of reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficients. The following evaluations were made: Height, diameter, and number of summer stalks, as well marketable yield, weight, and number of consumption green spears. Drip irrigation applied for 2 years (2006–2007) in the postharvest period had a positive effect on all studied traits in both summer stalks and green spears in 2007–2008. A significant increase in the height, number, and diameter of summer stalks, as well an increase in the marketable yield, weight, and number of green spears was observed for most of the cultivars. In general, postharvest drip irrigation of asparagus cultivated in very light sandy soil significantly contributes to the increase in productivity of American cultivars of this species.

scholarly journals Tomato Responses to Preplant-incorporated or Fertigated Phosphorus on Soils Varying in Mehlich-1 Extractable Phosphorus

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Alves Carrijo ◽  
George Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Very High

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to P, either preplant-incorporated or injected through the drip irrigation system, on soils with low, high, or very high soil P content. Fertilization through the drip irrigation system (fertigation) was more efficient than preplant incorporation of P for soil that tested low in P (9 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P). On soil testing low in P, marketable yield response to preplant soil P application rates (0 to 100 kg·ha–1) was maximum at 61 kg·ha–1 P according to the linear-plateau model, but 37 kg·ha–1 P according to the quadratic-plateau model. The lower value is about one-half the P recommended by Univ. of Florida for low-P soils. On soil testing high in P (48 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P) the linear-plateau model predicted a maximum yield of 72.8 t·ha–1 with 25 kg·ha–1 P. The Univ. of Florida recommended no P for that soil. On soil testing very high in P (85 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P), there was no yield improvement with P fertilization.

YIELD OF BANANA GROWN WITH SUPPLEMENTAL DRIP-IRRIGATION ON AN ULTISOL

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GOENAGA ◽  
H. IRIZARRY
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Class A ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Class A Pan

A three-year study was conducted on an Ultisol to determine the water requirement, yield and fruit-quality traits of three ratoon crops (R1, R2, R3) of ‘Grande Naine’ banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) subjected to four levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors ranging from 0.0 (rainfed) to 1.0 in increments of 0.25. When needed, drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (p < 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects on bunch weight, yield, bunch mean hand weight, weight and fruit diameter of the third and last hands, and length of fruits of the third hand. Highest marketable yield (47.9 t ha−1) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.0. It was concluded that irrigating the crop according to a pan factor of 1.0 was sufficient to justify the investment of a drip-irrigation system for a farm in the mountain region.

scholarly journals Subirrigation of Container-Grown Tomato II: Physical and Chemical Properties of the Growing Medium

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Cruz García-Santiago ◽  
Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar ◽  
Donita L. Cartmill ◽  
Andrew D. Cartmill ◽  
Porfirio Juárez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Subirrigation of containerized vegetable crops is a promising strategy to increase water and nutrient use efficiency, however, the longer growing seasons for cultivation of vegetable species may cause marked changes in the physical and chemical substrate properties. This study determined the effects of the irrigation system, subirrigation vs. drip-irrigation, and the concentration of the nutrient solution on the substrate physical and chemical properties in containerized tomato plants. Plants were irrigated with solutions at concentrations of −0.072, −0.058 and −0.043 MPa. Root dry weight of subirrigated plants was decreased by 35% in the substrate top layer when the highest concentration was used. Substrate electrical conductivity increased while pH was acidified as solution concentration increased and from the bottom to the top substrate layers in subirrigated plants. Salts buildup was associated with increased concentration of oxalic and tartaric acids and pH acidification. The improved substrate physical and chemical properties in subirrigated plants were associated with higher fruit yield (11.0 kg per plant) provided nutrient solution concentration was reduced to −0.043 MPa; in contrast, the highest yield in drip-irrigated plants (10.1 kg per plant) was obtained when the solution concentration was −0.072 MPa. In conclusion, subirrigation with reuse of the nutrient solution is a promising strategy to reduce water waste through runoff and leaching as water use efficiency increases due to greater water retention properties in the substrate, the maintenance of an EC within a range the plants can tolerate, and a lower acidification of substrate pH.

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