scholarly journals Investigation of the cause of reduced sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit of Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) rootstock

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Dong ◽  
Bo Xiong ◽  
Shengjia Huang ◽  
Ling Liao ◽  
Xia Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Metabolism Enzyme ◽  
Days After Anthesis

AbstractZiyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) (Cj) rootstock is effective in Citrus production; however, when Cj rootstock was used, sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit was significantly lower than that in the fruit produced using Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstock (Pt). Therefore, using K. tangor, we explored the cause of this difference, determining sugar accumulation, sucrose-metabolism enzyme activities, and gene expression. Before ripening, sugar content in fruits with Cj rootstock was significantly lower than that in fruits with Pt rootstock, due to low fructose and sucrose content. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj in the early growth stage (at 90–210 days after anthesis), however it was opposite at 240–300 days after anthesis. Additionally, neutral invertase (NI) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj. Gene expression in Pt was higher than that in Cj, but is was essentially the same at maturity. SPS and NI activities and CitSPS1 expression were positively correlated with sucrose, fructose, and glucose content, but CSCW1 expression was negatively correlated with the sugars. Overall, the weak flavour of K. tangor fruit with Cj rootstock was regulated by the sucrose metabolism-related enzymes and gene expression.

scholarly journals 174 Muskmelon Fruit Soluble Acid Invertase and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity and Polypeptide Profiles during Growth and Maturation

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 420C-420
Author(s):  
Gene Lester ◽  
Luis Saucedo Arias ◽  
Miguel Gomez-Lim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Soluble Acid ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit sugar content is the single most important consumer preference attribute. During fruit ripening, sucrose accumulates when soluble acid invertase (AI) activity is less then sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity. To genetically heighten fruit sugar content, knowledge of sugar accumulation during fruit development in conjunction with AI and SPS enzyme activities and their peptide immunodetection profiles is needed. Two netted muskmelon cultivars [`Valley Gold' (VG), a high sugar accumulator, and `North Star' (NS), a low sugar accumulator] with similar maturity indices were assayed for fruit sugars, AI, and SPS activity and immunodetection of AI and SPS polypeptides following 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 (abscission) days after anthesis (DAA). Both cultivars, grown in spring and fall, showed similar total sugar accumulation profiles. Total sugars increased 1.5 fold, from 2 through 5 DAA and then remained unchanged until 30 DAA. From 30 DAA until abscission, total sugar content increased, with VG accumulating significantly more sugar then NS. In both cultivars, during both seasons, sucrose was detected at 2 DAA, which coincided with higher SPS activity than AI activity. At 5 through 25 DAA, SPS activity was less then AI activity resulting in little or no sucrose detection. It was not until 30 DAA that SPS activity was greater than AI activity resulting in increased sucrose accumulation. VG at abscission had higher total sugar content and SPS activity and lower AI activity than NS. Total polypeptides from both cultivars 2 through 40 DAA, were immunodetected with antibodies: anti-AI and anti-SPS. NS had Al isoforms bands at 75, 52, 38, and 25 kDa that generally decreased wtih DAA. One isoform at 52 kDa remained detectable up to anthesis (40 DAA) VG had the same four Al isoforms, all decreased with DAA and became undetectable by 20 DAA. It is unclear if one or all AI isoforms correspond with detected enzyme activity. VG and NS had one SPS band at 58 kDa that increased with DAA and concomitantly with SPS activity. VG had a more intense SPS polypeptide band at abscission then did NS. Thus, netted muskmelon sugar accumulation may be increased by selecting for cultivars with a specific number of AI isoforms, which are down-regulated, and with high SPS activity during fruit ripening.

scholarly journals No Effect of Seed Presence or Absence on Sugar Content and Water Status of Seeded and Seedless Watermelon Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Sachiko Kawamura ◽  
Kyoko Ida ◽  
Masako Osawa ◽  
Takashi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Days After Anthesis

We investigated physiological differences in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai] fruits among seeded diploid and seedless triploid fruits, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)–treated seedless fruits, and soft-X–irradiated pollen-pollinated seedless fruits to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of seeds on water relations and sugar content. We picked fruits at 20 and 40 days after anthesis and sampled flesh at the center, around the seeds, and near the pericarp to measure water status and sugar content. There were no significant differences between seeded and seedless cultivars in sugar contents or in water and osmotic potentials of the flesh, although the latter two were decreased at 40 days. CPPU and soft-X–irradiated pollen eliminated mature seeds, but there were again no significant differences in sugar contents or water status between seeded and seedless fruits. Thus, the presence or absence of seeds did not influence the sugar content or osmotic pressure in watermelon fruit, so sugar accumulation was not related to seeds.

scholarly journals Combined Profiling of Transcriptome and DNA Methylome Reveal Genes Involved in Accumulation of Soluble Sugars and Organic Acid in Apple Fruits

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Wenfang Ma ◽  
Baiyun Li ◽  
Litong Zheng ◽  
Yunjing Peng ◽  
Rui Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Apple Fruits

Organic acids and soluble sugars are the major determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Additionally, DNA methylation has crucial regulatory effects on various processes. However, the epigenetic modifications in the regulation of organic acid and soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruits remain uncharacterized. In this study, DNA methylation and the transcriptome were compared between ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, which differ significantly regarding soluble sugar and organic acid contents. In both ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, the CG context had the highest level of DNA methylation, and then CHG and CHH contexts. The number and distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) varied among genic regions and transposable elements. The DNA methylation levels in all three contexts in the DMRs were significantly higher in ‘Honeycrisp’ mature fruits than in ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits. A combined methylation and transcriptome analysis revealed a negative correlation between methylation levels and gene expression in DMRs in promoters and gene bodies in the CG and CHG contexts and in gene bodies in the CHH context. Two candidate genes (MdTSTa and MdMa11), which encode tonoplast-localized proteins, potentially associated with fruit soluble sugar contents and acidity were identified based on expression and DNA methylation levels. Overexpression of MdTSTa in tomato increased the fruit soluble sugar content. Moreover, transient expression of MdMa11 in tobacco leaves significantly decreased the pH value. Our results reflect the diversity in epigenetic modifications influencing gene expression and will facilitate further elucidating the complex mechanism underlying fruit soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation.

scholarly journals Effects of Nighttime Heating on Cell Size, Acid Invertase Activity, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity, and Sugar Content of Melon Fruit

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Matsumoto ◽  
Hideyuki Goto ◽  
Yasutaka Kano ◽  
Akira Kikuchi ◽  
Hideaki Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

To determine the relationship among cell size, acid invertase (AI) activity, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, and sucrose accumulation in melon (Cucumis melo L.) during early development [from 6 to 16 days after anthesis (DAA)], fruit were heated at night to a minimum of 20 °C. Cells of heated fruit were larger than those of control fruit at 16 DAA but smaller at 50 DAA. AI activity was lower and SPS activity was higher in heated than in control fruit up to 26 DAA. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents at 26 and 50 DAA were higher in heated than in control fruit. Heating caused cells to reach mature size earlier than those of control fruit, and maturity was accompanied by earlier decline in AI activity and an earlier increase in SPS activity that promoted soluble sugar accumulation.

scholarly journals Interactions between the Timing of the Application of Hypoxia and Rate of Sugar Accumulation and Activities of Invertase, Sucrose Synthase, and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 638b-638
Author(s):  
Yanwen Gong ◽  
Theophanes Solomos
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Previous research has shown that subjecting bananas to low O2 treatment during the climacteric rise decreases the rate of sugar accumulation but the fruits eventually ripen. In the present study we applied low O2 in fruits whose ripening had been initiated by exogenous C2H4 and in preclimacteric ones. In preclimacteric fruits low O2 suppressed the climacteric rise during the duration of the experiment (20 days). It completely inhibited the increase in sugars, invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities while there was a sharp increase in sucrose synthase (SS). In control fruits the increase in sugar content coincides with a sharp increase in invertase, and SPS and a decline in SS. Hypoxia inhibited the increase in invertase and SPS while it induced an increase in SS. Nevertheless, the activities of invertase and SPS in the climacteric hypoxic fruits was higher than in hypoxic preclimacteric ones. The results, thus, indicate that the imposition of low O2 at the preclimacteric stage is much more efficient in delaying banana ripening than when it is applied after the initiation of ripening.

Effect of agronomic factors on invert sugar accumulation in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Martijn Leijdekkers
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Substantial Impact

Since 2013, the glucose content of all beet samples from beet reception and field trials is routinely analyzed in The Netherlands using a biosensor which is integrated into the automatic beet laboratory system. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from the glucose content using a linear conversion factor. This additional information helps to identify beet deliveries with a questionable beet quality at an early stage and provides valuable information on various agronomic factors that increase invert sugar accumulation in the beet. Based on results obtained during the past years, different factors are highlighted that affect the invert sugar content in the beet. Among these factors, beet deterioration following frost damage and the presence of root rot due to infestation by pests and diseases have shown to increase the invert sugar content dramatically. In addition, unfavorable storage conditions and bad harvesting quality had a substantial impact on invert sugar accumulation. Growth conditions and beet variety also influenced the invert sugar content markedly, although to a much lesser extent. Using the obtained data, the most important control measures that enable growers to prevent undesired invert sugar formation and consequent sugar losses in their beet are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soluble Sugar Content, Related Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in the Fruits of ‘Minihyang’ Mandarin on Different Rootstocks

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ha Rim Hong ◽  
Eun Ui Oh ◽  
Seung Gab Han ◽  
Su Hyun Yun ◽  
Ho Bang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days After Anthesis

‘Minihyang’ mandarin bears fruits with small size and high sugar content. ‘Minihyang’ mandarin grafted on trifoliate orange (TO) tends to be vigorous and develops water sprout open. It is associated with insufficient floral differentiation and fruit set. Recently, the use of Flying Dragon (FD) as rootstock with a high dwarf effect has been proposed to improve this situation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different rootstock genotypes on tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. As a result of the study, in FD, tree vigor was stably maintained, fruit size was large, and the sugar content was high compared to the TO. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose of fruit continued to increase from development to maturity. In particular, fructose and sucrose were significantly higher in the fruits of the FD than those in TO at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. The total sugar content was also significantly higher in the fruit of the FD. The activities of SPS and SS associated with sucrose synthesis tended to be increased during the fruit maturity season, but there was no significant difference between the two rootstocks. On the other hand, the activities of SS and AI breaking down sucrose were high in FD at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. These results suggest that the unloading of sucrose might be increased and affect the sugar content. However, the results of real-time PCR analysis of gene expression related to sucrose metabolism did not show an association with changes in enzyme activity affecting sugar content. Therefore, further detailed studies on the process after the regulation of gene expression are likely to be needed.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene family between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Ma ◽  
Xingtan Zhang ◽  
Lanping Chen ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Abstract Background Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) genes play vital roles in sucrose production across various plant species. Modern sugarcane cultivar is derived from the hybridization between the high sugar content species Saccharum officinarum and the high stress tolerance species Saccharum spontaneum, generating one of the most complex genomes among all crops. The genomics of sugarcane SPS remains under-studied despite its profound impact on sugar yield. Results In the present study, 8 and 6 gene sequences for SPS were identified from the BAC libraries of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SPSD was newly evolved in the lineage of Poaceae species with recently duplicated genes emerging from the SPSA clade. Molecular evolution analysis based on Ka/Ks ratios suggested that polyploidy reduced the selection pressure of SPS genes in Saccharum species. To explore the potential gene functions, the SPS expression patterns were analyzed based on RNA-seq and proteome dataset, and the sugar content was detected using metabolomics analysis. All the SPS members presented the trend of increasing expression in the sink-source transition along the developmental gradient of leaves, suggesting that the SPSs are involved in the photosynthesis in both Saccharum species as their function in dicots. Moreover, SPSs showed the higher expression in S. spontaneum and presented expressional preference between stem (SPSA) and leaf (SPSB) tissue, speculating they might be involved in the differentia of carbohydrate metabolism in these two Saccharum species, which required further verification from experiments. Conclusions SPSA and SPSB genes presented relatively high expression and differential expression patterns between the two Saccharum species, indicating these two SPSs are important in the formation of regulatory networks and sucrose traits in the two Saccharum species. SPSB was suggested to be a major contributor to the sugar accumulation because it presented the highest expressional level and its expression positively correlated with sugar content. The recently duplicated SPSD2 presented divergent expression levels between the two Saccharum species and the relative protein content levels were highest in stem, supporting the neofunctionalization of the SPSD subfamily in Saccharum.

Sucrose Metabolism of Perennial Ryegrass in Relation to Cold Acclimation

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj K. Bhowmik ◽  
Ken-ichi Tamura ◽  
Yasuhara Sanada ◽  
Kazuhiro Tase ◽  
Toshihiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Sucrose Biosynthesis

Abstract Sugar metabolism is one of the important factors involved in winter hardiness and since the discovery of sucrose biosynthesis, considerable advances have been made in understanding its regulation and crucial role. This investigation examined the changes in activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sugar content during cold hardening of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Changes in acid invertase (AI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with all the three soluble sugars glucose, fructose and sucrose were measured in leaves and stem base tissue during cold acclimation. Although fructans were the predominant carbohydrate the changes in glucose, fructose and sucrose were significant. All the three soluble sugars in both leaf and stem tissues started to decrease from the first day and continued up to day 7 and thereafter started to increase until day 28. AI in the soluble fraction showed a higher activity than that in the cell wall bound fraction. In both the leaf and stem bases soluble AI activity increased during the first week and after that it started to decrease gradually. On the other hand both the SS and SPS increased gradually throughout the acclimation period. Sucrose content was negatively correlated with AI and positively correlated with SS and SPS accounting well for the relation between the substrate and enzyme activity. These results suggest that AI, SS and SPS in ryegrass are regulated by cold acclimation and play an important role in sugar accumulation and acquisition of freezing tolerance

scholarly journals Patterns of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Accumulation in Snap and Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pods

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. VandenLangenberg ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans

Sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Little is known regarding differences in sugar content among snap bean and dry bean cultivars and the patterns of sugar accumulation with increasing pod size. Alcohol–soluble sugar concentration of five snap bean cultivars and one dry bean cultivar planted in field trials was assayed throughout pod development over 2 years using high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns and quantity were observed among cultivars. In general, fructose and glucose content decreased, whereas sucrose increased with increasing pod size in snap beans. In contrast, fructose and glucose amounts increased, whereas sucrose concentration remained unchanged with increasing pod size in the dry bean cultivar. No year-by-genotype interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar amount. Results indicate that sieve size No. 3 (7.34 to 8.33 mm) or No. 4 (8.33 to 9.52 mm) pods are suitable for detecting differences in sugar concentration among genotypes.

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