scholarly journals Effects of Night-heating of Fruit on Cell Size and Sucrose Accumulation in the Outer Portion of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsum. et Nakai)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Kano ◽  
Youichi Ikeshita ◽  
Yuri Kanamori ◽  
Nobuyuki Fukuoka
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Days After Anthesis

To investigate the effects of night temperature on sugar accumulation in watermelon fruit, fruits were treated with higher nighttime temperature under a greenhouse. The minimum nighttime ambient temperature of the heating box (18 °C) was ≈6 °C higher than that of the control. The heat-treated fruit weighed at the end of heating treatment, 16 days after anthesis (DAA), was greater than that of control, but fruit weight at harvesting, 42 DAA, was almost the same in both treatments. Cells of all portions of the heat-treated fruit at 16 DAA were much larger than those of the control, and cells in the outermost rectangular parallelepipeds (RPs; 15-mm long samples that were serially collected from a 10-mm thick disk along a 10-mm wide strip removed at the maximum transverse diameter of the fruit) of the heat-treated fruit were 80 μm or more larger than those of the control. At 16 DAA, the number of RPs with sucrose contents of 2 g·L−1 or more were six and nine in control and heat-treated fruit, respectively. At 42 DAA, content in the outer RPs of the heat-treated fruit was greater than that in the outer RPs of the control. The number of RPs with sucrose contents of 40 g·L−1 or more was five in the control and 11 in heat-treated fruit. Mean sucrose, glucose, and fructose in fruit at 16 DAA did not differ in the treated fruit from the control. However, the sucrose content of heat-treated fruit was 32% higher than that of the control at 42 DAA. Glucose and fructose content were lower in heat-treated fruit than in the control.

scholarly journals No Effect of Seed Presence or Absence on Sugar Content and Water Status of Seeded and Seedless Watermelon Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Sachiko Kawamura ◽  
Kyoko Ida ◽  
Masako Osawa ◽  
Takashi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Days After Anthesis

We investigated physiological differences in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai] fruits among seeded diploid and seedless triploid fruits, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)–treated seedless fruits, and soft-X–irradiated pollen-pollinated seedless fruits to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of seeds on water relations and sugar content. We picked fruits at 20 and 40 days after anthesis and sampled flesh at the center, around the seeds, and near the pericarp to measure water status and sugar content. There were no significant differences between seeded and seedless cultivars in sugar contents or in water and osmotic potentials of the flesh, although the latter two were decreased at 40 days. CPPU and soft-X–irradiated pollen eliminated mature seeds, but there were again no significant differences in sugar contents or water status between seeded and seedless fruits. Thus, the presence or absence of seeds did not influence the sugar content or osmotic pressure in watermelon fruit, so sugar accumulation was not related to seeds.

Modelling genetic and environmental control of biomass partitioning at plant and phytomer level of sugarcane grown in controlled environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singels ◽  
N. G. Inman-Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Multiple Production ◽  
Whole Plant

Sucrose content has reached ceiling levels in several countries despite aggressive crossing and selection programmes aimed at improving this important trait for the sugarcane industry. Much of the recent research effort has been directed towards molecular means for improving sucrose content and while some breakthroughs have been made in the laboratory, no plants modified for this purpose have been grown successfully in the field. Sugarcane grown mainly for its sucrose in the past is now being considered for its fibre content as well because of increased interest in renewable energy. The paper offers an account of the variation in fibre, sucrose and hexoses in aboveground organs in relation to genotype, temperature and water regime with the aim of an improved understanding of biomass partitioning needed to effectively exploit sugarcane’s potential for multiple production streams. Previous studies often focused on single genotypes and on partitioning within stalks and ignored the effects of whole-plant structural partitioning on sugar accumulation. A mathematical model was constructed of biomass partitioning (at whole-plant and phytomer levels) of two high and two low sucrose clones of sugarcane from data collected in two controlled environment experiments, with water and temperature as treatments. The model tested the hypothesis that genetic differences in sucrose accumulation and responses to water and temperature can be explained by differences in plant development and partitioning to structural components such as leaf and stalk fibre. Whole-plant biomass partitioning between leaf, stalk structure and stored sugars was adequately simulated using clone-specific partitioning fractions modified by water status and temperature. Leaf partitioning fractions varied significantly between clones (low sucrose clones had high leaf fractions) but not between treatments. Stalk fibre partitioning fractions did not vary between clones but increased with improved water status and increased temperature. These aspects were mostly represented successfully in the model mainly because partitioning parameters were derived from the same data. Sugar accumulation was simulated, reasonably successfully, as the remainder of the biomass pool after partitioning to structural pools. Phyllochron intervals determined the rate at which phytomers ceased structural growth and commenced sugar accumulation. Low sucrose clones had longer intervals and so started sucrose accumulation later than high sucrose clones. There were also clonal differences in the ratio of hexose to sucrose (low sucrose clones had high ratios) and this could largely be explained by the structural mass fraction present in biomass. Although the data did not allow independent tests of all model assumptions, modelling these experiments did assist in gaining improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of genetic and environmental control of biomass partitioning at whole-plant and phytomer levels. Results suggest that a way to enhance sucrose yields could be to breed genotypes with appropriate phenological and structural partitioning traits such as rapid phytomer development and low leaf partitioning fractions. This needs to be confirmed by further studies on more genotypes and environments.

scholarly journals Determination of Thermostability Degree of Lycopene in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Bohuslava Tremlova ◽  
Hana Koudelkova Mikulaskova ◽  
Tomas Pencak ◽  
Karolina Tesikova ◽  
Simona Dordevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Polyphenol Content ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Lycopene Content

The aim of the work was to determine the degree of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) thermostability according to the content of the present bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. The watermelon samples were exposed to the following temperatures/time regimes: 40, 70, and 100 °C; 2, 5, and 15 min. The sample characteristics were monitored by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed between the heat-treated samples compared to the heat-untreated control sample; differences were found almost between all samples. The total polyphenol content increased in all heat-treated samples. The highest total polyphenol content was observed among samples treated at 40 °C for 15 min (1.38 ± 0.01 mg/g). Lycopene content (measured by spectrophotometer) also increased in the same samples exposed to 40 °C for 5 min (65.45 ± 0.20 mg/kg), though higher temperatures (70 and 100 °C) resulted in lycopene degradation. Chromatographic method (measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography) showed lycopene degradation after each heating treatment. Not unambiguously, results and observations were not found in antioxidant activity due to oscillations in measured bioactive compounds. The obtained results emphasize processes in heat-treated watermelon, and they can be useful in the production of different products where this food commodity can be included.

scholarly journals Effect of Heating Fruit on Cell Size and Sugar Accumulation in Melon Fruit (Cucumis melo L.)

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Kano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

To investigate the relationship between cell size and sugar accumulation, fruit of the melon was heated during the early stage of the growing period. The minimum air temperature in the heating apparatus was ≈10 °C higher than the ambient air temperature, and the weight of the heated fruit was greater than that of the control fruit. The number of rectangular parallelepiped (7-mm-long sample serially collected beginning at one end of the 10-mm-wide strip removed from the 10-mm-thick disk at the maximum transverse diameter of the fruit to the opposite end) with cells larger than 200 μm in the heated fruit at 17 days after anthesis (DAA, the end of heating treatment) was much larger that of the control fruit. The mean cell size in the heated fruit at 17 DAA was larger than that of the control fruit. Mean sucrose content of the heated fruit on 40 DAA was larger than the level in the control fruit. Higher fruit temperatures in melons covered with heating apparatus results in the predominance of larger cells and increased accumulation of sucrose in the fruit.

scholarly journals Ruling Factors in Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation: Activity and Selectivity of Pt-Mo Catalysts

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Marta Stucchi ◽  
Maela Manzoli ◽  
Filippo Bossola ◽  
Alberto Villa ◽  
Laura Prati
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Hydrogenation Catalysts ◽  
Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heating Treatment

To obtain selective hydrogenation catalysts with low noble metal content, two carbon-supported Mo-Pt bimetallic catalysts have been synthesized from two different molybdenum precursors, i.e., Na2MoO4 and (NH4)6Mo7O24. The results obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with the presence and strength of acid sites clarified the different catalytic behavior toward cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation. After impregnating the carbon support with Mo precursors, each sample was used either as is or treated at 400 °C in N2 flow, as support for Pt nanoparticles (NPs). The heating treatment before Pt deposition had a positive effect on the catalytic performance. Indeed, TEM analyses showed very homogeneously dispersed Pt NPs only when they were deposited on the heat-treated Mo/C supports, and XPS analyses revealed an increase in both the exposure and reduction of Pt, which was probably tuned by different MoO3/MoO2 ratios. Moreover, the different acid properties of the catalysts resulted in different selectivity.

scholarly journals Irrigation and fertigation frequencies with nitrogen in the watermelon culture

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Newdmar Vieira Fernandes ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Joaquim Raimundo Nascimento Neto ◽  
Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Polar Diameter

This study evaluates the influence of different irrigation frequencies and different nitrogen fertigation frequencies on the growth performance of the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) culture. Two experiments were conducted at the Paraguay farm in the Cruz municipality, Ceará, Brazil. They was randomized blocks design with six treatments and four replications. The irrigation frequency experiment consisted of the application of different irrigation frequencies. The treatments were: DM - daily irrigation in the morning with 100% daily dosage; DT - daily irrigation in the afternoon, with 100% daily dosage; DMT - twice daily irrigation, with 50% daily dosage in the morning and 50% daily dosage in the afternoon; 2D - irrigation every two days; 3D - irrigation every three days and 4D - irrigation every four days. To the experiment with different nitrogen fertigation frequencies, the treatments used were: 2F - 2 fertigations in a cycle; 4F - 4 fertigations in a cycle; 8F - 8 fertigations in a cycle; 16F - 16 fertigations in a cycle; 32F - 32 fertigations in a cycle and 64F - 64 fertigations in a cycle. We evaluated the marketable yield (PC), fruit weight (M), polar diameter (DP), equatorial diameter (DE), shell thickness (EC) and soluble solids (SS). The irrigation frequency treatments influenced all variables significantly, with twice daily irrigation (DMT, 50% in the morning and the 50% in the afternoon) promoting the highest productivity (69.79 t ha-1). The different frequencies of fertigation also significantly influenced all variables, except for the shell thickness, the highest yield (80.69 t ha-1) being obtained with treatment 64 fertigations in a cycle.

scholarly journals FREQUÊNCIA DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO FOSFATADA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DA MELANCIA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos Newdmar Vieira Fernandes ◽  
Joaquim Raimundo do Nascimento Neto ◽  
Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana ◽  
Denise Vieira Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Culture Productivity

FREQUÊNCIA DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO FOSFATADA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DA MELANCIA BENITO MOREIRA DE AZEVEDO1; CARLOS NEWDMAR VIEIRA FERNANDES2; JOAQUIM RAIMUNDO DO NASCIMENTO NETO3; THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA1; DENISE VIEIRA VASCONCELOS3 E CHRISLENE NOJOSA DIAS FERNANDES3 [1]Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, CCA/UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 804. Caixa Postal 12.168, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, 60.455 970, [email protected], [email protected] Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Iguatu, Rodovia CE-060, Cajazeiras 63503-790 – Iguatu, CE, Brasil. [email protected] de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, CCA/UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 804. Caixa Postal 12.168, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, 60.455 970, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO A melancia (Citrullus lanatus) tem grande importância socioeconômica para o Nordeste brasileiro, onde o cultivo sob irrigação vem crescendo e permitindo ao produtor ofertar frutos de melhor qualidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de frequências de fertirrigação fosfatada nos componentes de produção e produtividade da melancia. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso constituído por seis tratamentos, referentes a seis frequências de fertirrigação com fósforo, sendo: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 fertirrigações no ciclo e quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: produtividade comercial; massa média do fruto; diâmetro polar; diâmetro equatorial; espessura da casca e teor de sólidos solúveis. O aumento da frequência de fertirrigação fosfatada proporcionou um melhor desempenho da cultura da melancia. As variáveis produtividade comercial e espessura da casca foram influenciadas significativamente pelas frequências de fertirrigação com fósforo, tendo as mesmas apresentado resposta linear. A frequência de fertirrigação fosfatada de 64 fertirrigações no ciclo de cultivo proporcionou a maior produtividade da melancia. Palavras-chave: Citrullus lanatus; quimigação; ácido fosfórico; adubação fosfatada.  AZEVEDO, B. M. de; FERNANDES, C. N. V.; NASCIMENTO NETO, J. R. do; VIANA, T. V. de A.; VASCONCELOS, D. V.; FERNANDES, C. N. D.FREQUENCY OF FERTIRRIGATION WITH PHOSPHATE IN WATERMELON CULTURE PRODUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is of great socioeconomic importance for the Brazilian Northeast, where crop under irrigation has increased and allowed the producer to offer the best quality fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of frequency of fertirrigation with phosphate  components on watermelon production and productivity. The study design was a randomized block consisting of six treatments, referring to six frequencies of fertirrigation with phosphorus, as follows: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 in fertigation cycle and four replications. The variables analyzed were: commercial productivity; fruit weight; polar diameter; equatorial diameter; shell thickness and soluble solids. The increased frequency of phosphorus fertirrigation provided a better performance of the watermelon crop. The variables commercial productivity and shell thickness were significantly influenced by the frequencies of fertirrigation with phosphorus, and presented the same linear response. The 64 frequency of phosphorus fertirrigation  of the crop cycle provided the greatest productivity of watermelon. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus; chemigation; phosphoric acid; phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 and Gly Plant Growth Regulators on Productivity and Sugar Content of Sugarcane

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen ◽  
Dang ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Tran ◽  
Giang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Actual Yield

The use of plant growth regulators is one effective solution to improve sugarcane yields and sugar content in several countries. In this study, we examined the role of gibberellin acid (GA3) and glyphosate (Gly) plant growth regulators to determine the appropriate concentration of GA3 and Gly to increase the yield of sugarcane and sugar accumulation, respectively. The statistical results showed that GA3 was sprayed at 150 ppm to increment the actual yield by 19.94%; sucrose accumulation increased by 2.21%. With Gly treatment, although the yield decreased by 3.17%, sucrose accumulation increased by 11.27% compared to control trials. In this study, the combined concentration of 150 ppm of both GA3 and Gly gave the best results, for which sucrose accumulation increased from 2.21% to 10.74% and from 19.94% to 20.97% for actual yield. The results led to increased net income compared to the control. To address concerns about residues of plant growth regulators, residues of GA3 and Gly were evaluated after the sugarcane harvest using the HPLC and UV-vis methods, respectively. The analyzed results showed that their residues were lower than what is permitted in several countries. This showed the applicability of the study, on a large scale, to increase sucrose accumulation, productivity of sugarcane, and profit for farmers.

scholarly journals Phase Stability of Nanocrystalline Grains of Rare-Earth Oxides (Sm2O3 and Eu2O3) Confined in Magnesia (MgO) Matrix

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2201
Author(s):  
Chen Barad ◽  
Giora Kimmel ◽  
Hagay Hayun ◽  
Dror Shamir ◽  
Kachal Hirshberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Direct Heating ◽  
Pure Oxide ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heating Treatment

Rare-earth (RE) oxides are important in myriad fields, including metallurgy, catalysis, and ceramics. However, the phase diagram of RE oxides in the nanoscale might differ from the phase diagrams for bulk, thus attracting attention nowadays. We suggest that grain size in the nanoscale also determines the obtained crystallographic phase along with temperature and pressure. For this purpose, nanoparticles of Sm2O3 and Eu2O3 were mixed in an inert MgO matrix via the sol-gel method. This preparation method allowed better isolation of the oxide particles, thus hindering the grain growth process associated with increasing the temperature. The mixed oxides were compared to pure oxides, which were heat-treated using two methods: gradual heating versus direct heating to the phase transition temperature. The cubic phase in pure oxides was preserved to a higher extent in the gradual heating treatment compared to the direct heating treatment. Additionally, in MgO, even a higher extent of the cubic phase was preserved at higher temperatures compared to the pure oxide, which transformed into the monoclinic phase at the same temperature in accordance with the phase diagram for bulk. This indicates that the cubic phase is the equilibrium phase for nanosized particles and is determined also by size.

Effects of Postemergence and Postemergence-Directed Halosulfuron on Triploid Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted in 2006 at Clinton and Kinston, NC, to determine the influence of halosulfuron POST (over the crop plant) or POST-directed (to the crop) on growth and yield of transplanted ‘Precious Petite’ and ‘Tri-X-313’ triploid watermelon. Treatments included a nontreated control, 39 g/ha halosulfuron applied POST-directed to 25% of the plant (distal or proximal region), POST-directed to 50% of the plant (distal or proximal; Precious Petite only), and POST. Watermelon treated with halosulfuron displayed chlorotic leaves, shortened internodes, and increased stem splitting. Vines were longest in the nontreated control (Tri-X-313 = 146 cm, Precious Petite = 206 cm) but were shortest in the POST treatment (Tri-X-313 = 88 cm, Precious Petite = 77 cm). Halosulfuron POST to watermelon caused the greatest injury (Tri-X-313 = 64%, Precious Petite = 67%). Halosulfuron directed to 25 or 50% (distal or proximal) of the plant caused less injury than halosulfuron applied POST. Stem splitting was greatest when halosulfuron was applied to the proximal area of the stem compared with POST-directed distal or POST. Internode shortening was greatest in treatments where halosulfuron was applied to the distal region of the stem. However, Tri-X-313 in the POST-directed 25% distal treatment produced similar total and marketable fruit weight as the nontreated control at Clinton. Fruit number did not differ among treatments for either cultivar. At Kinston, Precious Petite nontreated control and POST-directed 25% distal end treatment had greater marketable fruit weight than the POST-directed 50% proximal and POST treatments. The current halosulfuron registration allows POST application between rows or PRE. Limiting halosulfuron contact to no more than 25% of the watermelon plant will likely improve crop tolerance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document