scholarly journals Application of Optimal Combined Microfertilizers of Boron, Molybdenum, and Copper Improves Root Tuber Yield Trait and Photosynthetic Response Characteristics in Pseudostellaria heterophylla

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
Yingli Ma ◽  
Tingting Yuan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Zhongqiu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Pseudostellaria Heterophylla ◽  
Root Tuber

In the actual cultivation process, blind fertilizer application was widespread, resulting in a serious decline in the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. We used the 3414 fertilizer experiment design to study the effects of combined Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), and Copper (Cu) on the growth indexes, diurnal changes of photosynthesis, and rapid fluorescence induction dynamics in P. heterophylla. Our results show that the optimal combination of B, Mo, and Cu simultaneously promoted the growth of underground and aboveground parts, and significantly improved the quality of single root tuber and yield per unit area. The best combination was treatment 9 (T9 = B, 1 g/L; Mo, 0.08 g/L; Cu, 0.05 g/L), and resulted in a 35.1% increase in yield per unit area compared with the control group (T1). Although the optimal combined application of microfertilizers did not change the bimodal trend of diurnal variation of photosynthesis, it effectively increased the daily average, peak, and valley values of the photosynthetic rate by alleviating the nonstomatal limitation and the photosynthetic midday depression. Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves showed greater photochemical activity and less photoinhibition of photosystem II in T9. Major effects were that it helped protect the activity of the oxygen-evolving complex to reduce the oxidative damage of chloroplasts and prevent the dissociation of thylakoid. The microfertilizer application also enhanced the electron receiving ability of the QB and plastoquinone (PQ) electronic pools, thereby increasing the ability of electron transfer from QA to QB. The number of reaction centers per unit area was promoted notably by the fertilization treatment.

scholarly journals Photosystem II: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Electron Transport from QA- to QB(QB- ) and Deleterious Effects of Copper(II)

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Renger ◽  
H. M. Gleiter ◽  
E. Haag ◽  
F. Reifarth
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Kinetics Of

Studies on thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer from QA- to QB(QB-) were performed by monitoring laser flash induced changes of the relative fluorescence emission as a function of temperature (220 K < T < 310 K) in isolated thylakoids and PS II membrane fragments.In addition, effects of bivalent metal ions on PS II were investigated by measuring conventional fluorescence induction curves, oxygen evolution, manganese content and atrazine binding mostly in PS II membrane fragments. It was found: a) the normalized level of the fluorescence remaining 10 s after the actinic flash (Ft/F0) steeply increases at temperatures below -10 to - 20 °C, b) the fast phase of the transient fluorescence change becomes markedly retarded with decreasing temperatures, c) among different cations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+) only Cu2+ exhibits marked effects in the concentration range below 100 μᴍ and d) Cu2+ decreases the normalized variable fluorescence, inhibits oxygen evolution and diminishes the affinity to atrazine binding without affecting the number of binding sites. The content of about four manganeses per functionally competent oxygen evolving complex is not changed by [Cu2+] < 70 μᴍ.Based on these findings it is concluded: i) a temperature dependent equilibrium between an inactive (I) and active (A) state of QA- reoxidation by QB(QB- ) is characterized by standard enthalpies ΔH° of 95 kJ mol-1 and 60 kJ mol-1 and standard entropies ΔS° of 370 kJ K-1 mol-1 and 240 kJ K-1 mol-1 in isolated thylakoids and PS II membrane fragments, respectively, ii) the activation energies of QA- reoxidation by plastoquinone bound to the QB site are about 30 kJ mol-1 (thylakoids) and 40 kJ mol-1 (PS II membrane fragments) in 220 K < T < 300 K, and iii) Cu2+ causes at least a two-fold effect on PS II by modifying the atrazine binding affinity at lower concentrations ( ~ 5 μᴍ) and interference with the redox active tyrosine Yz at slightly higher concentration ( ~ 10 μᴍ) leading to blockage of oxygen evolution.

A novel approach to radiographic detection of bucco-palatal/lingual dilacerations: A preliminary study with ImageJ

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110307
Author(s):  
Samed Satir ◽  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spectrum Feature ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group

The purpose of our study is to determine whether bucco-palatal/lingual (BPL) root dilacerations (RD), especially in single root teeth, can be determined using the ImageJ program through only one periapical radiography. Extracted teeth without any RD ( n = 8) were determined as the control group (Group 1) and with RD in apical 1/3 part at least 20° with the longitudinal axis in the BPL direction ( n = 8) as the study group (Group 2). With the help of a simple holder system prepared, digital periapical radiographs of all teeth were taken in an anteroposterior position. Histogram analysis of all periapical radiographs was performed using the spectrum feature of ImageJ software. It was aimed to make a dilaceration analysis by comparing the groups using mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and bin width values. As a result of the Mann-Whitney U test, all mean and maximum values showed a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups ( p < 0.05). This pilot study revealed that the ImageJ software can be used to diagnose BPL dilaceration in the apical 1/3 part of the root. It is important for dentists and patients that it can contribute to limiting the radiation dose to which patients will be exposed.

REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽  
Valentina S. Gordova ◽  
Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽  
Alina T. Smorodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Compound ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial efficiency of photodynamic therapy with different irradiation durations

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Yildirim ◽  
Emine Sirin Karaarslan ◽  
Semih Ozsevik ◽  
Yasemin Zer ◽  
Tugrul Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of PDT and the effect of different irradiation durations on the antimicrobial efficiency of PDT. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human teeth with a single root were decoronated and distributed into five groups. The control group received no treatment. Group 1 was treated with a 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with methylene-blue photosensitizer and 660-nm diode laser irradiation for 1, 2, and 4 min, respectively. The root canals were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, and a saline solution, followed by autoclaving. All the roots were inoculated with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension and brain heart infusion broth and stored for 21 days to allow biofilm formation. Microbiological data on microorganism load were collected before and after the disinfection procedures and analyzed with the Wilcoxon ranged test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Dunn′s test. Results: The microorganism load in the control group increased. The lowest reduction in the microorganism load was observed in the 1-min irradiation group (Group 2 = 99.8%), which was very close to the results of the other experimental groups (99.9%). There were no significant differences among the groups. Conclusions: PDT is as effective as conventional 5% NaOCl irrigation with regard to antimicrobial efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis.

scholarly journals The effect of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus condition in some Ficus Carica cultivars

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
T. B. Gubanova ◽  
R. A. Pilkevich ◽  
A. A. Kharchenko ◽  
I. V. Bernatsky
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Water Holding

The results of field and laboratory studies of drought tolerance in some Ficus carica cultivars of various origins are presented. It has been found out that under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, the cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya is characterized by high drought tolerance. Low resistance to dehydration was noted in the cultivars Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6, Franziana Biella. It was revealed that in August, a decrease in water holding capacity occurs in all the studied cultivars. Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction (CFI) method, an integrated assessment of the photosynthetic apparatus in the leaves of Ficus carica cultivars under conditions of simulated wilting is given. It has been demonstrated that drought is the cause of decrease in the photosynthesis light phase efficiency, the part of chlorophyll involved in the transfer of energy from light harvesting antenna complexes to reaction centers and the enhancement of non-photochemical photo quenching. A resumption of photosynthetic activity was observed with the normalization of leaf water supply in the resistant cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya and the medium-resistant cultivar Iyulskiy. In the cultivars characterized with low drought tolerance, Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6 and Ranniy iz Sozopol, the resumption of the water content in leaves was followed by a decrease in the variable fluorescence and photochemical activity of PS 2, which indicates further stress development in these cultivars and high sensitivity of their photosynthetic apparatus to dehydration. During the fruit ripening, on the background of water holding capacity decrease, water deficit in leaf tissues within 20-25% results in irreversible disturbances in the photosynthetic apparatus activity in Ficus carica cultivars that is proved by a decrease in the viability index below the vitality norm and may adversely affect the preparation of plants for transition to a state of rest.

scholarly journals Changes in photosynthetic apparatus of tobacco leaves in conditions of virus infection and shortage of nitrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 449-451
Author(s):  
V.Z. Ulinets ◽  
V.P. Polischuk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Ps I

Data of the comparative investigation of the viral infection (TMV) and nitrogen starvation in the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, photochemical activity of PS I and PS II, pigment-protein structure of chloroplasts thylakoids and parameters of the fluorescence induction of tobacco leaves are presented. The changes of the structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus testify to negative influence of this factors on the function of both photosystems with primary inhibition of PS II.

Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Effectiveness of EDTA Using Two Techniques: An SEM Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cemal Tinaz ◽  
Tayfun Alaçam ◽  
L. Sibel Karadag ◽  
Tansev Mihçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Sem Study

Abstract Obtaining the cleanest canal possible before obturation is one of the goals of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the smear layer removal capability of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) application with passive ultrasonic and cotton wrapped on reamer activation. Twelve extracted human teeth with single root canals were used for the study. They were conventionally hand instrumented using reamers and K files. The apical aspect of the canals was enlarged to a #40 file. The teeth were divided into 4 four groups, instrumented and irrigated as follows: Group-A EDTA agitated at the end of preparation with cotton wrapped on a reamer for 1 min; Group-B EDTA applied with ultrasonic agitation for 1 min; Group-C irrigated with EDTA+sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (negative control group); and Group-D irrigated with distilled water (positive control group). After scanning electron microscopic study at three different levels, smear layer and dentinal tubules were scored. Means were tested for significance using the Z test. When the techniques were compared, the cotton wrapped on reamer agitation method was as successful as the ultrasonic activation of the files. Although all groups had significantly higher smear layer scores at apical compared to coronal sections, no significant differences were recorded. Citation Tinaz AC, Karadag LS, Alaçam T, Mihçioglu T. Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Effectiveness of EDTA Using Two Techniques: An SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:009-016.

scholarly journals Dimensional changes of hard and soft tissue after immediate implantation in comparison with conventional tooth extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Radvar ◽  
Kazem Fatemi ◽  
Reihane Abrishamchi ◽  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Sara Mohammadzade
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Immediate Implantation

Introduction: Immediate implantation in single-root teeth has been claimed to possess some benefits, especially bone preservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate ridge changes after immediate implantation in comparison with tooth extraction and dental socket healing.Methods and Materials: In this study, 21 patients with hopeless single-root teeth were selected. After impression and cast making, the patients were divided into test and control groups. Each group included twelve dental sockets. For all teeth the extraction was performed atraumatically. Measurements included bucco-lingual ridge dimensions at 3mm and 7mm apical to an imaginary line connecting the CEJs of the two adjacent teeth (CEJ line) as well as vertical distance between the mentioned line and bone crest at the misobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, midpalatal, and distopalatal aspects. In addition, soft tissue measurements similar to hard tissue ones were taken using stone casts and acrylic stents. In test group immediate implantation was carried out following extraction whereas in the control group dental sockets were left for natural healing. Four months after the operation, in both groups, the flap was reflected and measurements taken at baseline were repeated.Results: Vertical changes of soft tissues in test group were significantly less than control group at all points except in mid-buccal aspect (p=0.033 for mesiobuccal, p=0.026 for distobuccal, p=0.004 for midpalatal, p=0.002 mesiopalatal, p=0.022 for distopalatal, p=0.016 for distal, p=0.048 for mesial). Horizontal dimension change of soft tissue at 7mm apical to the CEJ line in test group, were also significantly less than control group (p= 0.051). Vertical changes of hard tissue, measured in all points, in test group were less than those of control group. These changes were significant in mid-buccal, mid-palatal, mesiopalatal and distopalatal points (p= 0.046, 0.029, 0.020 and 0.026 respectively). Horizontal changes of hard tissue at 3mm and 7mm apical to the CEJ line in test group were also less than control group. However, this was significant only at the 3mm point (p=0.028).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that immediate implantation is to some extent effective in reducing the expected vertical and horizontal bone and soft tissue changes occurring following conventional tooth extraction and natural socket healing. Further investigation is warranted to determine the optimum method of preventing these changes.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.335-342

scholarly journals Variation in Sulfide Tolerance of Photosystem II in Phylogenetically Diverse Cyanobacteria from Sulfidic Habitats

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Miller ◽  
Brad M. Bebout
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Sulfide Toxicity ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Dynamic Trait ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Sulfide Tolerance

ABSTRACT Physiological and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate variation among 12 cyanobacterial strains in their tolerance of sulfide, an inhibitor of oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria from sulfidic habitats were found to be phylogenetically diverse and exhibited an approximately 50-fold variation in photosystem II performance in the presence of sulfide. Whereas the degree of tolerance was positively correlated with sulfide levels in the environment, a strain's phenotype could not be predicted from the tolerance of its closest relatives. These observations suggest that sulfide tolerance is a dynamic trait primarily shaped by environmental variation. Despite differences in absolute tolerance, similarities among strains in the effects of sulfide on chlorophyll fluorescence induction indicated a common mode of toxicity. Based on similarities with treatments known to disrupt the oxygen-evolving complex, it was concluded that sulfide toxicity resulted from inhibition of the donor side of photosystem II.

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