scholarly journals Effect of Particle Film on Fruit Sunburn, Maturity and Quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Schupp ◽  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Ik-Jo Chun
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

Studies were initiated in Idaho and New York to determine the effects of Surround, a kaolin clay particle film product recently labeled as a crop protectant for agricultural crops, on fruit maturity and quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' apples (Malus×domestica) and fruit mineral concentration of `Fuji' apples. Surround reduced fruit weight, red color, and the incidence of sunburn of `Fuji' apples in Idaho. Sunburn did not occur on `Honeycrisp' in the New York study. In that study, Surround had no effect on fruit weight or red fruit color when applied in May and June but reduced fruit weight and red color when applied later. The reduction in red color development observed in both `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' was not related to mineral nutrients or to a delay in fruit maturity. Surround applications resulted in undesirable residues in the basin and in the cavity of harvested fruit that were not satisfactorily removed by brushing on a commercial packing line. While effective for reducing sunburn, Surround was ineffective for increasing red fruit color of apples.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization, Midsummer Trunk Girdling, and AVG Treatments Affect Maturity and Quality of `Jonagold' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wargo ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
N Status ◽  
Red Coloration ◽  
Leaf N

`Jonagold' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] often fail to develop adequate red coloration at maturity and become soft and greasy in storage. During two growing seasons, we tested factorial combinations of three preharvest treatments affecting `Jonagold' quality at harvest and after storage: 1) three nitrogen (N) treatments [36 kg·ha-1 soil applied N, 6.9 kg·ha-1 of urea-N (1% w/v) in foliar sprays mid-May and June, or no N fertilizers]; 2) trunk girdling in early August each year; and 3) foliar applications of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, formulated as ReTain) 3 weeks before the first scheduled harvest. Fruit were sampled at four weekly intervals each year and evaluated for maturity and quality at harvest and after storage. Foliar urea and soil-applied N delayed red color development in 1998 but not 1999, increased fruit size in girdled and nonAVG treated trees in both years, and increased greasiness in 1999 only. AVG reduced fruit greasiness after storage both years. Nitrogen uptake was reduced in the dry Summer 1999, but N treatments still increased poststorage flesh breakdown. Mid-summer trunk girdling increased red coloration and intensity both years and improved market-grade packout. This effect was not caused by advanced maturity, although trunk girdling slightly increased skin greasiness. Girdling reduced fruit size only on trees of low N status. The AVG applications delayed maturity and red color development by 7 to 10 days in both years compared with untreated fruit. In 1998, the combination of AVG and N fertilization delayed red color development more than either treatment alone. Fruit softening and greasiness were reduced in AVG-treated fruit harvested at the same time as untreated fruit, but this effect was not observed when AVG treated fruit were harvested at comparable maturity 7 to 10 days later. Trunk girdling and withholding N fertilizer were the best treatments for enhancing red coloration, and foliar N concentrations of ≈2.0% (W/W) resulted in better packouts compared with higher leaf N levels. AVG was an effective tool for delaying fruit maturity and maintaining fruit quality awaiting harvest, but not for improving red coloration of `Jonagold' apples.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators to enhance fruit color of 'Gala' apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
Douglas André Würz ◽  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
Leo Rufato
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Red Color

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators for enhancing fruit color of 'Gala Standard' apples (Malus domestica). The experiment was carried out in the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of water, as a control; 300 mg L-1 ethephon, as a positive control; 400 mg L-1 prohydrojasmonate; and 400 mg L-1 abscisic acid. Flesh firmness, soluble solids content, fruit weight, and red color were assessed after harvest. Plant growth regulators enhanced red color of fruit and chlorophyll degradation. Prohydrojasmonate and abscisic acid did not reduce flesh firmness, in the 2016 season.

scholarly journals Improving the Red Color and Fruit Quality of ‘Kent’ Mango Fruit by Pruning and Preharvest Spraying of Prohydrojasmon or Abscisic Acid

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Sudheeran Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Dalia Maurer ◽  
Oleg Feygenberg ◽  
Cliff Love ◽  
Noam Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pruning Techniques

Pre-harvest application of prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) induces the red color in fruits that were exposed to sunlight at the orchard. In this large-scale work, we evaluated the effect of two different pruning techniques of ‘Kent’ mango orchards, one leading to opening the orchard canopy to expose as much fruit as possible to sunlight, while the second pruning leads to square-shaped trees and subsequently reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the fruit. These two pruning methods were combined with preharvest spraying with prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) using two different types of sprayers, i.e., regular and air-jet sprayer. Pruning the canopy of the orchards to open and closed trees exposed 80% or 30% of fruits to sunlight, respectively. Both of the application with air-jet and regular sprayers effectively covered the fruit without causing fruit detachment and damage to yield. Both the phytohormones (PDJ and ABA) application treatments induced red blush skin, red intensity, anthocyanin, and flavonoids, particularly in fruit grown outside the tree canopy in both open and closed trees. PDJ and ABA treatments exhibited marginally reduced acidity than the untreated control, while the brix was not affected much by any of the treatments. Besides these, exposure to sunlight and PDJ treatment also reduced postharvest decay and increased chlorophyll degradation and yellowing in comparison to the controls. This study promoted applicative evidence about the positive effects of exposure to sunlight, prohydrojasmon (PDJ), and abscisic acid (ABA) on red color development without compromising the mango fruit’s quality.

scholarly journals Time of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Application Influences Preharvest Drop and Fruit Quality of 'McIntosh' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2056-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Control Compound

AVG was applied as the ReTain formulation over three harvest seasons to determine the influence of time of application on drop control efficacy and its influence on fruit maturity of 'McIntosh' apples. Effective drop control was achieved through the commercial harvest season with application of AVG made from 1 to 6 weeks before the anticipated start of harvest for untreated fruit. Drop control extended beyond the normal harvest period when application was made either 2 weeks or 1 week before anticipated harvest. Application made between 6 and 4 weeks before anticipated harvest generally delayed parameters associated with ripening, such as softening, degradation of starch, and development of red color, more than applications made on later dates. While AVG consistently and effectively retarded abscission, the length of time it controlled drop varied from year to year, even when used on similar trees in the same block. Once applied, it required 10 to 14 days before AVG started to retard fruit abscission. AVG controlled drop linearly with increasing concentration. AVG was a superior drop control compound than NAA. Chemical names used: aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals 576 Effects of NAA-800 and Retain on Fruit Retention and Quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 495D-495
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Degradation Pattern

Effects of various combinations of NAA-800 and Retain on fruit retention, yield, and harvest and post-storage fruit quality of `Rome Beauty' and `Delicious' apples were studied over one to three seasons. Retain and NAA-800 often reduced preharvest fruit drop as compared to control. Fruit from trees that received Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha, or 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 showed lower starch degradation pattern (SDP) at harvest and higher firmness. Retain treated fruit had lower evolved ethylene and respiration. Application of Retain at 61.8 g a.i./ha plus NAA-800 delayed fruit maturity, and the effects on fruit quality at harvest was comparable to the effects of this chemical at 123.6 g. a.i./ha. However, after storage, fruits from trees receiving Retain at 123.6 g a.i./ha often were firmer. Split applications of NAA-800 did not show major improvement in delaying fruit maturity over a single application. Application of NAA-800 at 585 mL/ha tended to reduce fruit firmness and increase fruit SDP. These fruits some times tended to have better color. Results on fruit color varied from year to year.

Effectiveness of Fruit Bagging for the Control of Insect-Pests Complex and its Impact on Quality of Mango Fruits

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Haider Karar ◽  
Maqbool Ahmad ◽  
Hameed Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Wajid ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Fruit Bagging

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is famous among all fruits because of its taste, variety and color. However, the quality of mango fruits is mainly deteriorated by insect-pests complex. The study was performed to evaluate bagging effects on insect-pests complex, yield and quality of mango fruits at private mango orchards located in Multan district. A mango cultivar, Anwar Rataul was selected, and the fruits were bagged during 1st week of May (at stone size stage) to 1st week of July 2017 (at maturity stage). The results indicated that the attack of fruit flies and other insect-pests complex were zero in bagged fruits. It was further recorded that the maximum average fruit weight i.e. 203.50 g was noted in those where butter paper bag was wrapped as compared with brown paper bagged fruits having 197.83 g and un-bagged fruits with 159.50 g per fruit. However, brown paper bag resulted in better fruit color development. Similarly, average fruit lengths were greater i.e. 91.33 and 90.18 mm in butter paper and brown paper bagged fruits, respectively as compared to 85.33 mm in un-bagged fruits. Bagged fruits had higher total soluble solids and slightly lower titratable acidity as compared to un-bagged fruits. Further, bagged fruits had no cracks, sunburn, mechanical injury, bird damage, skin blemishes and agrochemical residues. So, it is concluded that fruit bagging on mango cv. Anwar Rataul trees at stone size stage proved to be an effective practice against insect-pests complex and for quality production of fruits for export purposes.

scholarly journals PALMETTE-LEADER (PL) AND CENTRAL-LEADER (CL) TREE-FORM EFFECTS ON LIGHT DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF `McINTOSH' APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122b-1122
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
I. Schechter ◽  
R.A. Cline ◽  
W.F. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Light Levels

Mature `Macspur McIntosh'/MM.106 trees trained to the CL tree form were converted to the PL tree form in 1987 by removal of east- and west-oriented upper scaffold limbs. Control trees were pruned to maintain the CL form. Dormant pruning in later years maintained either tree form. No summer pruning was used in this study. Canopy light levels along horizontal transects at one m above the soil and vertical transects, both through the center of the canopy, were unaffected by tree form or transect direction. Yields were significantly lower for PL trees in 1987 and 1989, while yield efficiency was reduced in PL trees in all 3 years. Fruit size, trunk cross-sectional area, and foliar macro-nutrient content were unaffected by tree form during this study. Fruit color development in both the upper and lower halves of the canopy was uninfluenced by tree form.

scholarly journals CALCIUM AND ETHEPHON EFFECTS ON PAPRIKA PEPPER FRUIT RETENTION AND FRUIT COLOR DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269F-269
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Pepper Fruit

While ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] has increased yields of red fruits, its use as a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening agent has been limited by premature fruit abscission and defoliation. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 μl·liter-1 with or without 0.1M Ca(OH)2 as a one-time foliar application to field-grown paprika pepper in southwestern Oklahoma. There was a linear increase in fruit abscission with increasing ethephon rates in two out of three years, with or without added calcium. Ethephon at 6000 μl·liter-1 improved the percent of total fruit weight due lo marketable fruits in two out of three years, primarily by decreasing the weight of harvested green fruits. However, ethephon never significantly increased the dry weight of harvested marketable fruits over that obtained from the control. There also was no effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruits. The only significant effect of Ca(OH)2 was an undesirable increase in the retention of green fruits on the plants. Ethephon had little value as a fruit ripening agent for paprika under the conditions of our studies, and Ca(OH)2 was not useful as an additive to ethephon sprays.

Rootstock, severity of dormant pruning, and summer pruning influences on peach tree size, yield, and fruit quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Michel Bouthillier
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach trees in British Columbia are pruned heavily during the dormant season with some potentially detrimental effects. Summer pruning has been used to control fruit tree vigor and improve fruit quality. The objective of this study was to reduce tree size, increase yield, and improve fruit color by using a less severe dormant pruning system and summer pruning prior to harvest. Over 4 yr, mature, self-rooted (micropropagated) Fairhaven peach trees and Fairhaven on Siberian C rootstock were subjected to two different dormant pruning regimes, with or without summer pruning. Yield, tree growth, pruning weights (dormant and summer) and fruit quality (size and color) measurements were recorded annually. There were no differences in yields per tree for the two rootstocks or for the summer pruning treatments. The lighter ("long") dormant pruning increased yields but average fruit weight was higher in the heavier ("short") dormant pruning treatment. Summer pruning increased the amount of red color on the fruit but only slightly. Own-rooted trees were larger (tree height and ground area covered) than trees budded on Siberian C. Tree height was also increased by the lighter dormant pruning treatment. The partitioning index was higher for trees on Siberian C rootstock, "long" dormant pruned, or non- summer pruned trees. Key words:Prunus persica, fruit color, fruit size, partitioning index

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