scholarly journals CALCIUM AND ETHEPHON EFFECTS ON PAPRIKA PEPPER FRUIT RETENTION AND FRUIT COLOR DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269F-269
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Pepper Fruit

While ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] has increased yields of red fruits, its use as a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening agent has been limited by premature fruit abscission and defoliation. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 μl·liter-1 with or without 0.1M Ca(OH)2 as a one-time foliar application to field-grown paprika pepper in southwestern Oklahoma. There was a linear increase in fruit abscission with increasing ethephon rates in two out of three years, with or without added calcium. Ethephon at 6000 μl·liter-1 improved the percent of total fruit weight due lo marketable fruits in two out of three years, primarily by decreasing the weight of harvested green fruits. However, ethephon never significantly increased the dry weight of harvested marketable fruits over that obtained from the control. There also was no effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruits. The only significant effect of Ca(OH)2 was an undesirable increase in the retention of green fruits on the plants. Ethephon had little value as a fruit ripening agent for paprika under the conditions of our studies, and Ca(OH)2 was not useful as an additive to ethephon sprays.

scholarly journals Calcium and Ethephon Effects on Paprika Pepper Fruit Retention and Fruit Color Development

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
James E. Motes ◽  
Brian A. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Ethephon has increased yields of red fruit, but its use as a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit ripening agent has been limited by premature fruit abscission and defoliation. We tested ethephon solutions of 0,1500,3000,4500, and 6000 μl·liter-1 with or without 0.1 m Ca(OH)2 as a onetime foliar application to field-grown paprika pepper in southwestern Oklahoma. There was a linear increase in fruit abscission with increasing ethephon rates in 2 of 3 years, with or without added Ca. Marketable fruit as a percentage of total harvested fruit weight was improved by ethephon at 6000 μl·liter-1 in 2 of 3 years, primarily due to a decrease in weight of harvested green fruit. However, ethephon never significantly increased the dry weight of harvested marketable fruit over that obtained from the control. There also was no effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruit. The only consistently significant effect of Ca(OH)2 was an undesirable increase in the retention of green fruit on the plants. Ethephon had little value as a fruit-ripening agent for paprika pepper under the conditions of our studies, and Ca(OH)2 was not useful as an additive to ethephon sprays. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

scholarly journals Use of Ethephon as a Controlled Abscission Agent on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 853E-853
Author(s):  
James E. Motes ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Our objective was to increase the percentage of marketable red fruit at harvest time on paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants intended for mechanical harvest by using ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] to remove late-developing blooms and green fruit. We conducted three experiments on field-grown plants in southwestern Oklahoma. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 μl·liter–1 as a one-time foliar application on various dates. Total dry weight of harvested fruit decreased linearly with ethephon rate in all three studies. Marketable fruit as a percentage of total harvested fruit weight increased linearly with ethephon rate in two studies. There was no consistent effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruit. With proper timing, as little as 1000 μl ethephon/liter was enough to alter the distribution of total harvested fruit weight toward marketable fruit and away from green fruit. A target spray “window” of the last 10 days in September seemed appropriate for southwestern Oklahoma, and the recommended rate of ethephon was between 2000 and 3000 μl·liter–1.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Film on Fruit Sunburn, Maturity and Quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Schupp ◽  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Ik-Jo Chun
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

Studies were initiated in Idaho and New York to determine the effects of Surround, a kaolin clay particle film product recently labeled as a crop protectant for agricultural crops, on fruit maturity and quality of `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' apples (Malus×domestica) and fruit mineral concentration of `Fuji' apples. Surround reduced fruit weight, red color, and the incidence of sunburn of `Fuji' apples in Idaho. Sunburn did not occur on `Honeycrisp' in the New York study. In that study, Surround had no effect on fruit weight or red fruit color when applied in May and June but reduced fruit weight and red color when applied later. The reduction in red color development observed in both `Fuji' and `Honeycrisp' was not related to mineral nutrients or to a delay in fruit maturity. Surround applications resulted in undesirable residues in the basin and in the cavity of harvested fruit that were not satisfactorily removed by brushing on a commercial packing line. While effective for reducing sunburn, Surround was ineffective for increasing red fruit color of apples.

scholarly journals Phytoene Synthase 2 Can Compensate for the Absence of Psy1 in Pepper Fruit (Capsicum annuum)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Jeong Jang ◽  
Hyo-Bong Jeong ◽  
Ayoung Jung ◽  
Min-Young Kang ◽  
Suna Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Phytoene Synthase ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Pepper Fruit

AbstractPhytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and Capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS) are two major genes responsible for fruit color variation in pepper (Capsicum spp.), although fruit colors cannot be explained by variations in these two genes alone. Furthermore, the role of PSY2 in fruit color development in pepper is unknown. Here, we used a systemic approach to discover the genetic factors responsible for the yellow fruit color of C. annuum ‘MicroPep Yellow’ (MY) and to reveal the role of PSY2 in fruit color. We detected a complete deletion of PSY1 and a retrotransposon insertion in CCS in MY. Despite the loss of PSY1 and CCS function, the MY and mutant F2 plants from a cross between MY and the MicroPep Red (MR) accumulated basal levels of carotenoids, indicating that other PSY genes may complement the loss of PSY1. A qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PSY2 is constitutively expressed in both MR and MY fruits, and a color complementation assay using Escherichia coli revealed that PSY2 is capable of biosynthesizing a carotenoid. Virus-induced gene silencing of PSY2 in MY resulted in white fruits. These findings suggest that PSY2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in fruit, resulting in the yellow color of MY fruits.HighlightWe reveal the novel function of PSY2 in the development of yellow pepper fruit coloration using a psy1 knockout mutant. This gene function was not previously identified in solanaceous crops.

scholarly journals 740 PB 064 DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN DETACHMENT FORCE OF TABASCO PEPPER

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539b-539
Author(s):  
Carl E. Motsenbocker ◽  
Kay P. Gersch
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Physiological Studies

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to examine fruit detachment force and plant parameters of two strains of Tabasco (Capsicum frutescens) at different stages of maturity. The detachment force of mature red `McIlhenny Select' at the fruit-receptacle detachment area was less than that of breaker and mature green fruit. `McIlhenny Select' separated cleanly at all stages of maturity. A wild type Tabasco strain `HP' did not abscise at the red mature stage; fruit detachment force was greater than that of `McIlhenny Select'. The detachment force of mature green and breaker `HP' fruit were similar to those of `McIlhenny Select' at the same stage of maturity. Fruit weight, length, and width of the two tabasco strains were not different. The utility of the `McIlhenny Select' and `HP' strains for physiological studies of pepper fruit abscission will be discussed.

scholarly journals Physiological Changes during Ripening of Raspberry Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Perkins-Veazie ◽  
Gail Nonnecke
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L., `Heritage') fruit were harvested at six stages of color development to determine the relationship between quality attributes and physiological changes during ripening. Soluble solids concentration and fruit weight increased, whereas titratable acidity decreased during ripening. Fruit darkened and color saturation increased with maturity. Raspberry fruit exhibited a nonclimacteric pattern of respiration, and ethylene (C2H4) was detected only after red pigment developed. Respiration and C2H4 production of whole fruit were similar to those of drupes. Ethylene-forming enzyme activity commenced in drupes and receptacle tissue from fruit at the yellow and mottled stages, respectively. These data indicate that ripening in raspberry fruit is independent of C2H4 production and is nonclimacteric.

EFFECTS OF ETHEPHON ON RASPBERRY FRUIT RIPENESS, FRUIT WEIGHT AND FRUIT REMOVAL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. JOLLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Fruit Abscission

Single or repeated sprays of up to 1,000 ppm ethephon ((2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid) were applied to red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Willamette) plants during the 1971, 1972 and 1973 harvest periods. Single ethephon sprays were followed by surges in fruit ripening, decreasing the total number of harvests required per season. The increased fruit ripeness corresponded to slightly decreased average fruit removal force among the fruit available for harvest. The enhancement of fruit ripening was greatest near the beginning of the harvest period. Repeated sprays did not improve the effects of ethephon, and both single and repeated sprays at concentrations from 250 to 1,000 ppm decreased the average fresh weight per berry by 10 to 15%. Fruit ripeness was also increased by extending the time between successive harvests from 3 to 5 days, but this was accompanied by increased fruit losses due to spontaneous fruit abscission during the interval between harvests. Repeated ethephon sprays in 1972 and 1973 did not increase the quantity of fruit recovered during mechanical harvests. It appears that the main potential for the use of ethephon in raspberry harvesting lies in its ability to control the timing and intensity of fruit ripening.

The yield of perennial grass stands on drained organic soils of Steppe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
I.T. Slusar ◽  
V.A. Serbenyuk ◽  
A.N. Gera ◽  
A.P. Solyanik ◽  
A.A. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cobalt Sulfate ◽  
The Impact

Research on the impact of the introduction of micro fertilizers and growth promoters on a background of mineral fertilizer and without N90R45К120 spent on old peat in shallow carbonate floodplain r.Supiy, Yahotyn Kyiv region. Power peat horizon about 60-70 cm, 7,4-7,6 pH of the aqueous extract, stupas schedule 56-60%, density 0,49-0,52 assembly soil, total nitrogen content (%) - 1.9; gross forms of phosphorus - 0,4, potassium 0.2, 20% lime. In experiments studying biological rehoplant, radustym, Biolan, emistim, Jets, humisol, plantafol, radyfarm and micronutrients: copper, boric acid, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, potassium humates. Treatment drugs conducted in the spring by spraying mixtures. Space research area of 60 m2, three-time repetition. It is established that the use of growth stimulants and micronutrients in the background N90R45К120 provided the highest yield mixtures of years, against making BIOLan - 9.9 t / ha Radyfarmu - 9.6 t / ha Radostymu 9.3 t / ha dry weight. In areas for making other preparations were intermediate yield growth rates - 0.5 - 2.0 t / ha dry weight. Also good gains herbage yields obtained by making all kinds of micronutrients and growth stimulants in the background without making makrodobryv which was within 5.3 - 6.9 t / ha to control without fertilization - 4.5 t / ha dry weight. In deep peat copper fertilizer (25 kg / ha of copper sulphate or 5 kg / ha pirytnoho cinders) in all zones should be making every 3-4 years, and zinc, cobalt and molybdenum advisable to make time for the growing season, spring, by foliar application in such numbers: ammonium molibdenovokyslyy - 0.3 kg / ha; cobalt sulfate - 3 kg / ha zinc sulphate 0.5 kg / ha or placers these salts should be mixed with major fertilizer.

scholarly journals Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Contain an Atypical Peroxisomal Catalase That Is Modulated by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
Amanda Cañas ◽  
María Jesús Campos ◽  
Alberto Paradela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Native Molecular Mass ◽  
Pepper Fruit

During the ripening of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits, in a genetically controlled scenario, enormous metabolic changes occur that affect the physiology of most cell compartments. Peroxisomal catalase gene expression decreases after pepper fruit ripening, while the enzyme is also susceptible to undergo post-translational modifications (nitration, S-nitrosation, and oxidation) promoted by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Unlike most plant catalases, the pepper fruit enzyme acts as a homodimer, with an atypical native molecular mass of 125 to 135 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.4, which is higher than that of most plant catalases. These data suggest that ROS/RNS could be essential to modulate the role of catalase in maintaining basic cellular peroxisomal functions during pepper fruit ripening when nitro-oxidative stress occurs. Using catalase from bovine liver as a model and biotin-switch labeling, in-gel trypsin digestion, and nanoliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was found that Cys377 from the bovine enzyme could potentially undergo S-nitrosation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cysteine residue from catalase that can be post-translationally modified by S-nitrosation, which makes it especially important to find the target points where the enzyme can be modulated under either physiological or adverse conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khaled ◽  
H.A. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

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