Performance of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in Strawberry

Field studies were conducted to compare the performance of several methyl bromide (MBr) alternative programs on sting nematode (Belonolaimus spp.) control and marketable yield of ‘Camarosa’ strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa). The tested fumigation programs were 1) MBr + chloropicrin (Pic; 67:33 v/v) at 350 lb/acre, 2) Pic + metam sodium (MNa) at 300 lb/acre and 37.5 gal/acre, 3) 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic at 35 gal/acre, 4) 1,3-D + Pic and dazomet at 35 gal/acre and 200 lb/acre, 5) propylene oxide at 45 gal/acre, 6) furfural + allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) at 600 lb/acre, 7) furfural and MNa at 56 and 50 gal/acre, 8) furfural + AITC at 400 lb/acre followed by four furfural applications of 6 gal/acre/injection, 9) furfural and MNa at 37 and 33 gal/acre followed by four furfural applications of 6 gal/acre/injection, 10) fosthiazate and Pic at 4.5 and 150 lb/acre, and 11) a nontreated control. The fumigation programs consisting of 1,3-D + Pic and dazomet, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic and MNa, and fosthiazate and Pic proved to be as valuable as the grower-standard MBr + Pic on strawberry plant vigor, sting nematode control, and early and total marketable yields.

Download Full-text

Methyl Bromide Alternatives for High Tunnel Strawberry Production in Southern Spain

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.1.187 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

José M. López-Aranda ◽

Luis Miranda ◽

Juan J. Medina ◽

Carmen Soria ◽

Berta de los Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propylene Oxide ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dimethyl Disulfide ◽

Field Trials ◽

Plant Canopy ◽

Nematode Control ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Methyl Bromide Alternatives

Field trials were conducted in two locations in Spain to determine the effect of methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne diseases and nematodes, and strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) yields under high-tunnel conditions. Fumigant treatments were applied to the same plots each year. Treatments were MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (50:50, v/v) at a rate of 400 kg·ha−1; 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (65:35, v/v) at 300 kg·ha−1; Pic at 300 kg·ha−1; dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic (50:50, v/v) at 500 kg·ha−1; propylene oxide at 550 kg·ha−1; dazomet at 400 kg·ha−1; and calcium cyanamide (Ca-cyanamide) at 700 kg·ha−1. A nontreated control was also included. Fumigation with MBr + Pic, 1,3-D + Pic, Pic, and DMDS + Pic consistently improved early and total marketable strawberry yields in both locations. This response was caused by successful soilborne fungus and nematode control, improving strawberry growth and development, which resulted in increased plant canopy diameters and higher strawberry early and total yield.

Download Full-text

Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Root-Knot Nematodes Control in Tobacco Transplant Production

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 807-809 ◽

pp. 2071-2074

Author(s):

Cheng Sheng Zhang ◽

Fan Yu Kong ◽

Yu Qin Zhang ◽

Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Field Studies ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Plant Vigor ◽

Methyl Bromide Alternatives ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Metham Sodium

Field studies were conducted to evaluate potential methyl bromide alternatives against nematods in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Metham-sodium and dazomet were evaluated respectively under a polyethylene cover as alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco transplant production over a two-year period (2009-2010). One genera or species of nematodes, tobacco root-knot nematod (Meloidogyne spp.), was evaluated in Qingzhou, Shandong province of China. All of the fumigant candidates were successful in controlling the pest. Another Parameter, plant vigor, was measured too. Metham-sodium 60g/m2, dazomet 80g/m2 and methyl bromide were not significantly different (P=0.05) from each other in the parameters evaluated. Results of this study indicate that Metham-sodium and dazomet are potential methyl bromide alternatives available to growers for use in tobacco parasite nematods control.

Download Full-text

Performance of Containerized and Bare-root Transplants with Soil Fumigants for Florida Strawberry Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.16.3.0461 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 461-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

James P. Gilreath ◽

Bielinski M. Santos ◽

Joseph W. Noling ◽

Salvadore J. Locascio ◽

Donald W. Dickson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Root Weight ◽

Strawberry Plant ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Plant Vigor ◽

Bare Root ◽

Soil Fumigants ◽

Ring Nematode

Field studies were conducted in three Florida locations (Bradenton, Gainesville, and Quincy) during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to: 1) compare the performance of two transplant systems under diverse MBr alternative programs in `Chandler' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and 2) determine the efficacy of these treatments on soilborne pest control in strawberry. Fumigant treatments were: 1) nonfumigated control, 2) methyl bromide plus chloropicrin (MBr + Pic) at a rate of 350 lb/acre, 3) Pic at 300 lb/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, 4) 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) plus Pic at 35 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, 5) metam sodium (MNa) at 60 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, and 6) MNa followed by 1,3-D at 60 and 12 gal/acre and napropamide at 4 lb/acre, respectively. Strawberry transplants were either bare-root or containerized plugs. There were no significant fumigant by transplant type interactions for strawberry plant vigor and root weight per plant, whereas ring nematode (Criconema spp.) and nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) populations, and total marketable fruit weight were only infl uenced by fumigant application. The nonfumigated plots had the lowest strawberry plant vigor and root weight per plant in all three locations. In most cases, plant vigor and root biomass per plant increased as a response to any fumigant application. With regard to the transplant type, bare-root transplants had similar plant vigor as plugs in two of the three locations. Fumigation improved nutsedge and ring nematode control. All fumigants had higher early and total marketable yield than the nonfumigated control, whereas transplant type had no effect on total fruit weight.

Download Full-text

Nutsedge (Cyperusspp.) Control in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Using Fallow-Period Weed Management and Fumigation for Two Years

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-14-00027.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 653-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Ryan Miller ◽

Peter J. Dittmar ◽

Gary E. Vallad ◽

Jason A. Ferrell

Keyword(s):

Methyl Bromide ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Dimethyl Disulfide ◽

Field Studies ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Fallow Period ◽

Single Input

Integrated management programs are becoming increasingly necessary for nutsedge control in the absence of methyl bromide. In 2012, field studies were established and maintained for a period of 2 yr at two locations to evaluate the additive effect of fallow programs and preplant fumigants for nutsedge control in bell pepper. The study included eight fallow programs consisting of eight combinations of glyphosate (G) and cultivation (C), and two fumigants; 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, dimethyl-disulfide + chloropicrin, and a nontreated check. All fallow programs provided greater late-season control of nutsedge compared to the nontreated, with the greatest control of nutsedge observed with glyphosate fb (followed by) glyphosate (GG) and glyphosate fb cultivation fb glyphosate (GCG) fallow programs. Fumigation provided additional nutsedge control in single-input fallow programs. Increased marketable yield was observed in 2012 with the application of either fumigant compared to a nonfumigated control. Furthermore, increased marketable yield was observed with more intensive fallow programs in 2013. Nutsedge control in bell pepper was significantly increased when a fallow program was used in combination with other weed-management practices.

Download Full-text

TOMATO NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND NUTSEDGE (Cyperus SPP.) MANAGEMENT WITH PROPYLENE OXIDE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.3.889a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 889a-889

Author(s):

Bielinski M. Santos ◽

James P. Gilreath

Keyword(s):

Propylene Oxide ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Rate Increase ◽

Field Trials ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Nutrient Absorption ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Soilborne Diseases ◽

Methyl Bromide Alternatives ◽

Application Rates

Among the current methyl bromide alternatives under study, propylene oxide (Propozone) has shown potential to control soilborne diseases, nematodes, and weeds in polyethylene-mulched tomato. However, further research is needed to determine the appropriate application rates to control nutsedge in the crop. Also, the effect of this fumigant on tomato nutrient absorption has not been determined yet. Therefore, field trials were conducted for this purpose in Bradenton, Fla. Tested rates of Propozone were 0, 190, 380, 570, 760, and 950 L·ha–1 and were shank-applied in raised planting beds three weeks before `Florida 47' tomato transplanting. Examined data indicated that there was a rapid decrease in nutsedge density with 570 L·ha–1. For phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) foliar content, there was a linear increase of P concentrations as rate increase, whereas K content increased rapidly after 190 L·ha–1. The highest tomato yields were obtained with 760 and 950 L·ha–1 of Propozone.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Methyl Iodide as a Soil Fumigant for Root-Knot Nematode Control in Carrot Production

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.1.33 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chad M. Hutchinson ◽

Milton E. McGiffen ◽

Howard D. Ohr ◽

James J. Sims ◽

J. Ole Becker

Keyword(s):

Methyl Iodide ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Nematode Control ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Metam Sodium ◽

Soil Fumigant ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Hot Gas ◽

Overhead Irrigation

Methyl iodide performance as a soil fumigant was compared with methyl bromide for Meloidogyne incognita control in carrot production. Both compounds were applied to tarped beds by hot-gas fumigation in growers' fields near Bakersfield, California. Methyl iodide was applied at 112, 168, 224, and 336 kg ha-1 and methyl bromide at 112 and 224 kg ha-1. Other chemical treatments included a non-fumigated control, metam sodium (373 liters ha-1), applied through overhead irrigation, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; 112 liters ha-1) commercially shank applied. Soil was either extracted or bioassayed with tomato plants to determine M. incognita populations prior to application of fumigants, 2 weeks after fumigant application, and at carrot harvest. Carrots were rated for marketability based on size and ematode-induced damage. Methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and 1,3 D were effective at reducing M. incognita populations over the season at all rates tested. In both trials, plants in plots fumigated with either methyl bromide or methyl iodide produced at least 161 and 181% more marketable carrots without nematode damage, respectively, than plants in control plots. Methyl iodide was an effective alternative to methyl bromide for nematode control in carrot production.

Download Full-text

Effect of Drip-Applied Metam-Sodium andS-Metolachlor on Yellow Nutsedge and Common Purslane in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper and Tomato

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 421-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel M. Dayton ◽

Sushila Chaudhari ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Greg W. Hoyt

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Field Studies ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Metam Sodium ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Common Purslane

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of metam sodium andS-metolachlor applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge, common purslane, bell pepper, and tomato (injury and yield) in plasticulture. Treatments consisted of weed-free, weedy,S-metolachlor alone at 0.85 kg ha-1, methyl bromide, metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) alone, and metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) followed byS-metolachlor at 0.85 kg ha–1. Metam sodium andS-metolachlor was applied preplant 2 wk before and 2 wk after transplanting (WAT) through drip irrigation, respectively. No injury was observed to bell pepper and tomato from metam sodium alone, or metam sodium fbS-metolachlor treatments. With the exception of yellow nutsedge density 15 WAT in bell pepper, herbicide program did not influence yellow nutsedge and common purslane density at 4 and 6 WAT and bell pepper and tomato yield. At 15 WAT, yellow nutsedge density was lower in treatments that received metam sodium fbS-metolachlor compared to those treatments that only received metam sodium. Drip-applied metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1in both bell pepper and tomato provided similar control of common purslane, and yellow nutsedge, produced comparable yields, and failed to elicit any negative crop growth responses when compared to MeBr. In conclusion, metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1fbS-metolachlor 0.85 kg ha–1is an effective MeBr alternative for season long weed control in plasticulture bell pepper and tomato.

Download Full-text

Economic Evaluation of Methyl Bromide Alternatives for the Production of Tomatoes in North Carolina

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.18.4.705 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 705-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Olha Sydorovych ◽

Charles D. Safley ◽

Rob M. Welker ◽

Lisa M. Ferguson ◽

David W. Monks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Methyl Bromide ◽

Soil Treatment ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Metam Sodium ◽

Production Region ◽

Methyl Bromide Alternatives ◽

Budget Analysis ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Treatment Alternatives

Partial budget analysis was used to evaluate soil treatment alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) based on their efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The analysis was conducted for the mountain tomato production region based on 6 years of field test data collected in Fletcher, NC. Fumigation alternatives evaluated included 61.1% 1,3-dichloropropene + 34.7% chloropicrin (Telone-C35™), 60.8% 1,3-dichloropropene + 33.3% chloropicrin (InLine), 99% chloropicrin (Chlor-o-pic), 94% chloropicrin (TriClor EC), 42% metam sodium (4.26 lb/gal a.i., Vapam), and 50% iodomethane + 50% chloropicrin (Midas). The MeBr formulation was 67% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin (Terr-O-Gas). Chloropicrin applied at 15 gal/acre provided the greatest returns with an additional return of $907/acre relative to MeBr. Telone-C35 provided an additional return of $848/acre and drip-applied metam sodium provided an additional return of $137/acre. The return associated with broadcast applied metam sodium was about equal to the estimated return a grower would receive when applying MeBr. Fumigating with a combination of chloropicrin and metam sodium; shank-applied chloropicrin at 8 gal/acre; drip-applied chloropicrin, Midas, or InLine; and the nonfumigated soil treatment all resulted in projected losses of $156/acre, $233/acre, $422/acre, $425/acre, $604/acre, and $2133/acre, respectively, relative to MeBr. Although technical issues currently associated with some of the MeBr alternatives may exist, results indicate that there are economically feasible fumigation alternatives to MeBr for production of tomatoes in North Carolina.

Download Full-text

Resurgence of Soilborne Pests in Doublecropped Cucumber after Application of Methyl Bromide Chemical Alternatives and Solarization in Tomato

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.15.4.0797 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 797-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

James P. Gilreath ◽

Timothy N. Motis ◽

Bielinski M. Santos ◽

Joseph W. Noling ◽

Salvadore J. Locascio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Bromide ◽

Field Studies ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Cropping Seasons

Field studies were conducted during four consecutive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) -cucumber (Cucumis sativus) rotations to examine the longterm residual effects of tomato methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives on soilborne pests in double-cropped cucumber. Four treatments were established in tomato fields: a) nontreated control; b) MBr + chloropicrin (Pic) (67:33 by weight) at a rate of 350 lb/acre; c) tank-mixed pebulate + napropamide at 4 and 2 lb/acre, respectively, followed by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + Pic (83:17 by volume) at 40 gal/acre; and d) napropamide at 2 lb/acre followed by soil solarization for 7 to 8 weeks. Each of the following seasons, cucumber was planted in the same tomato plots without removing mulch films. For nutsedge [purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus)] densities, napropamide followed by solarization plots had equal control (≤15 plants/m2) as MBr + Pic during all four cropping seasons. However, nematode control with solarization was inconsistent. Marketable yield data proved that fumigation in tomato fields with either MBr + Pic or pebulate + napropamide followed by 1,3-D + Pic had a long-term effect on double-cropped cucumber.

Download Full-text

METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES IN FRESH MARKET TOMATO PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.759a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 759a-759

Author(s):

Christopher L. Ray ◽

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Kathy H. Brock ◽

Bruce A. Fortnum ◽

Dennis R. Decoteau

Keyword(s):

Methyl Bromide ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Methyl Bromide Alternatives ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Polyethylene Mulch

Pest management is of primary importance to the vegetable industry in our nation. In recent years producers have undergone much scrutiny concerning their pest control strategies, which often include the use of chemical pesticides. Due to the detrimental effects of many fumigants, growers are being forced to incorporate more environmentally sound agricultural practices while still producing a healthy, marketable commodity. The effects of three different fumigants and reflective mulches on plant growth and development were studied in field-grown, staked tomatoes. Methyl bromide, Telone II, or Telone C-17 were used in fumigation of plots. The establishment of mulch color was done via applications of exterior enamel paint, white or red in color, to the surface of black polyethylene mulch. With the exception of total marketable yields, no interactions existed between mulch color and fumigant. Red mulch and Telone II treatments resulted in the highest total marketable yield. Telone II application increased early marketable yield. White mulch color increased preharvest yield and black mulch color decreased early marketable yield. Low initial populations of nematodes may be the cause for lack of response due to fumigation.

Download Full-text