scholarly journals Controlled-release Fertilizer Type and Rate Affect Landscape Establishment of Seven Herbaceous Perennials

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Allen D. Owings ◽  
Joey P. Quebedeaux
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Landscape Establishment

Use of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) has been recommended to the landscape service industry as a best management practice for establishing landscape plants. However, application practices vary considerably among professionals and recommendations are lacking for the appropriate type (tablet vs. granular), application rate, and timing of CRF to establish herbaceous perennials. In this study, cigar plant (Cuphea ignea), daylily (Hemerocallis ‘Stella de Oro’), gaura (Gaura lindheimeri ‘Siskiyou Pink’), lantana (Lantana camara ‘New Gold’), mexican heather (Cuphea hyssopifolia), purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), and rudbeckia (Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’) were fertilized with granular CRF (GF) 15N–3.9P–10K (8 to 9 month) at 0, 1, 2, or 4 lb/1000 ft2 nitrogen (N) at transplant (no fertilization, GF1, GF2, and GF4, respectively), a split application of GF with 1 lb/1000 ft2 N applied at transplant and 1 lb/1000 ft2 N applied 5-months later (GF2-split), or tablet CRF 16N–3.5P–10K (8 to 9 months) at two tablets per plant (7.5 g) at transplant (TF2). Plant size and visual quality (VQ) at 5 months after transplant (MAT) were improved by fertilization for all perennials except ‘Stella de Oro’ daylily. Compared to GF2, GF4 improved the growth of perennials of larger size and greater biomass production (i.e., cigar plant), but did not further improve their VQ. All perennials grown with TF2 had similar size and quality as those grown with GF2 at 5 MAT. At 15 MAT, no difference was found among fertilizer treatments for surviving perennials except cigar plant. Split application (GF2-split) did not improve overwinter survival or second-year plant growth and quality for most species when compared with GF2. On the basis of these results, we recommend applying two tablets (7.5 g) of 16N–3.5P–10K per plant at transplant to establish the perennials tested in this study.

scholarly journals Growth and Quality Response of Five Landscape-grown Herbaceous Perennials to Nitrogen Fertilization at Five Rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-797
Author(s):  
Gitta Shurberg ◽  
Amy L. Shober ◽  
Christine Wiese ◽  
Geoffrey Denny ◽  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

There is limited research regarding proper fertilization rates and timing for landscape-grown herbaceous perennials. Most current nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations for landscape-grown perennials are based on rates for woody landscape plants or on rates for greenhouse-grown perennials. In addition, most fertilizer guidelines are defined to achieve peak growth, which may not be the best indicator of desirable plant quality. Basing fertilizer input rates on plant quality levels rather than maximum growth may result in a lower fertilizer application rate and a reduction in excess fertilizer available for leaching. The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of landscape-grown herbaceous perennials to N fertilizer applied at five rates. Five herbaceous perennials [bush daisy (Gamolepis chrysanthemoides), ‘New Gold’ lantana (Lantana ×hybrid), ‘Mystic Spires’ salvia (Salvia longispicata ×farinacea), ‘Evergreen Giant’ liriope (Liriope muscari), and ‘White Christmas’ caladium (Caladium bicolor)] were transplanted into raised landscape beds containing subsoil fill in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness zone 9a. Controlled-release N fertilizer was applied at an annual N rate of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 lb/1000 ft2 for 96 weeks. Plant size index (SI), tissue chlorophyll, and plant quality were measured every 6 weeks for 96 weeks. Flower cover was determined every 6 weeks from 42 to 96 weeks. Shoot biomass and tissue total Kjeldahl N (TKN) were measured at 96 weeks after planting (WAP). Regression analyses suggested that some species required in excess of 12 lb/1000 ft2 N to reach maximum size, chlorophyll content, and shoot biomass. However, plants exhibited quality ratings of good to excellent at annual N rates of 2 to 4 lb/1000 ft2 N per year. We suggest that these low to moderate levels of N fertilization (2 to 4 lb/1000 ft2 N per year) will provide sufficient N to produce acceptable size and quality herbaceous perennials in the landscape.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Priming on Plug Production of Coreopsis lanceolata and Echinacea purpurea

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Terry Finnerty ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Abstract Seeds of Coreopsis lanceolata (coreopsis) and Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) were primed to determine whether improved plug production of these herbaceous perennials would result. Experiments were conducted at two locations: Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, Texas; and Buell's Inc., Cibolo, Texas. Location had a significant effect on emergence, with both species having greater emergence percentages at Buell's Inc. than at TAMU. This effect is attributed mainly to watering systems and plug aeration. Priming significantly increased emergence of only E. purpurea grown at TAMU. Seedlings from seeds primed in 50 mM potassium salts for nine days at 15°C (59°F) had more than twice the emergence percentage (47%) of seedlings from nonprimed seeds (21 %). Priming did have a significant effect on the root development of both species. Echinacea purpurea seedlings from primed seeds had a 44 to 51% increase in total root area compared to nonprimed seeds. Coreopsis lanceolata seedlings from primed seeds had up to an 85% increase in root area compared to seedlings from nonprimed seeds. In plug systems, relatively developed root systems may result in positive growth response after transplanting.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Tolerance of transplanted black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima Farw.), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.), shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum × superbum Bergmans ex. J. Ingram), purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.], and blanket flower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) to preemergence herbicides was evaluated in container trials. Herbicides were applied at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate. Dithiopyr, pendimethalin, and prodiamine provided excellent control of spotted. spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.) and yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.) with little injury to the five herbaceous perennials. DCPA, oxadiazon, and metolachlor were tolerated by all treated species, but these chemicals provided lower control of one or both weed species. Oryzalin, isoxaben + trifluralin, and napropamide caused unacceptable injury and shoot fresh-weight reductions in some of the perennials at one or both application rates. Chemical names used: dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); S,S-dimethyl 2-(difluoromethyl) -4-(2 -methylpropyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioate(dithiopyr);N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide(isoxaben); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide(metolachlor);N,N-diethyl-2-(l-naphtha1enenyloxy) propanamide(napropamide);4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin);3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethy1)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl) -3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzamine (pendimethalin); N,N-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamine (trifluralin).

Survey of Alcoholic Foliar Application on Reproductive Yield of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Khosravi ◽  
A Mehrafarin ◽  
H Naghdibadi ◽  
E Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Purple Coneflower

scholarly journals Effects of Sucrose and Other Additives on In Vitro Growth and Development of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahanayake Nilanthi ◽  
Yue-Sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) is being used for the preparation of more than 240 extracts, salves, and tinctures to help cure diseases like rabies, cold, and upper respiratory infections. Hence, efforts were made to develop a culture medium for successful in vitro culturing of cornflower and to regenerate buds and induce roots to enable mass propagation of selected clones. Of the three levels of sucrose tested as a supplement to MS media (Murashige and Skoog’s medium, 1962) 3% showed better rooting of buds and appeared morphologically normal and identical as compared to those grown at higher and lower concentrations (2 and 4%). The additives hydrolyzed lactabumin (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), peptone (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), and yeast (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1) to media containing 0.3 mgL−1 BA (6-benzyladenine) and 0.01 mgL−1 NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid-plant growth regulators) has negatively influenced proliferation of shoots. The higher concentrations of the above have delayed the development of plantlets. Shoot multiplication was enhanced by coconut water with 2% being the best among 4 and 8% tested. Shoot organogenesis was not influenced by copper sulphate (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mgL−1) and silver nitrate (0.0, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mgL−1) supplements and at higher concentrations of the above inhibited plant growth.

scholarly journals Методы оценки продуктивности представителей рода эхинацея (Echinacea Moench) прегенеративного периода онтогенеза

2013 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
С. В. Поспелов
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
First Time

За багаторічними дослідженнями ехінацеї пурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench,) сорту Зірка Миколи Вавилова та ехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) сорту Красуня Прерій вперше розроблені й запатентовані методи визначення продуктивності рослин прегенеративного періоду онтогенезу. Методики засновані на регресійних моделях із високими коефіцієнтами детермінації, на підставі яких можна без пошкодження рослин провести оцінку продуктивності надземної частини та кореневої системи протягом веґетаційного періоду. Вихідними даними для розрахунків слугують показники довжини і ширини листковоїпластинки, їх кількість, а також сума температур вище 5 0С і кількість діб від сівби. On the basis of long-term researches of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) variety «Zirka Mykoly Vavylova» and Pale Coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) variety «Krasunja Preriy» for the first time ever there were developed and patented the methods for determining the efficiency of plants in pregenesic period of ontogeny. The foundation of methodology was made on the studies of regression models with high coefficients of determination which allow to make the estimation of aerial parts and root system productivity for the whole growing season without damaging the plants. The input data for the calculation are the indicators of the length and width of the leaf blade, the amount and the sum of temperatures above + 5 ºC and the number of days from sowing.

scholarly journals Відходи вирощування представників роду ехінацея (Echinacea Moench) як перспективне джерело біологічно активних речовин

2013 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
С. В. Шершова
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

Проведено експериментальне обґрунтування біо-конверсії відходів вирощування (полови) ехінацеїпурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) таехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt.).Доведена висока активність екстрактів полови зехінацеї пурпурової, що проявлялася у стимуляціїросту тест-культури. Встановлено, що найвищустимулюючу активність мають екстракти поло-ви ехінацеї пурпурової: водні за концентрації0,01 %, спиртові – 0,01–0,001 %; до того ж іззбільшенням концентрації спирту в екстрактахзнижувалась їх активність. Вперше встановлено,що полова ехінацеї містить специфічні білки –лектини, активність яких у відходах ехінацеї блі-дої значно перевищувала ехінацею пурпурову. Роз-роблено технологічні схеми отримання лектинівта екстрактів біологічно активних речовин із від-ходів вирощування (полови) для їх ефективноговикористовування. The experimental foundation bioconversion of waste product of growing (chaff), purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) and pale coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) was to carriedout. The high activity of extracts of coneflower chaff, which had growth-stimulating effect to the testculture, was proved. Found that the highest stimulating activity has the extract of chaff purpleconeflowers: aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.01 %, alcohol-0.01 %-0.001 % and with increasingconcentration of alcohol in the extracts decreased their activity. For the first time it has been shown thatchaff of Echinacea contains specific proteins - lectins, and their activity in the waste product of paleconeflower significantly exceeded then activity in the waste product of purple coneflower. Technologicalschemes to get of lectins and extracts of biologically active substances from waste growing product(chaff), was worked out for their effective use.

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