scholarly journals The Development of Seed Quality in Brassicas

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Still
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Reduced Water

Brassica crops have indeterminate growth and flower over an extended period of time. Harvested seed is therefore comprised of seed of varying degrees of physiological maturity and quality. Using population-based threshold models, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Group Italica), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea L. Group Gemmifera), red cabbage (B. oleracea L. Group Capitata), and rapeseed (B. napus L.) were characterized during seed development with respect to sensitivity to abiotic stress (reduced water potential) and shelf life. Using these models our data suggests that the physiological patterns of seed development are the same in all brassica crops we have tested to date. These population-based models can be used to provide a biological basis in which to evaluate cultural, postharvest and storage practices to ensure the production and maintenance of seed vigor.

Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grass ◽  
J. S. Burris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Two wheat cultivars, Marzak and Oum-rabia, were subjected to three temperature regimes (20/15, 28/21, 36/29 °C) beginning 10 d after anthesis to maturity. As expected, high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality. The effect of temperature on seed germination was not consistent among the two cultivars. High temperature during seed development and maturity had no effect on seed germination of Oum-rabia, whereas it decreased seed germination of Marzak. In contrast to seed germination, seed vigor was adversely affected by heat stress. This decline in seed vigor was reflected in reduced shoot and root dry weight, increased shoot/root ratio, reduced root length, low root number per seedling, and high seed conductivity. Excised embryo culture showed marked differences in the embryo growth potential. Although embryos from all treatments had germinated, a delay of 24–48 h was observed in the germination of embryos excised from seeds grown under high temperature conditions. Also, their shoot and radicle development over time lagged behind that of embryos isolated from seeds grown under cool temperature conditions. Exposing seeds to high temperature during development and maturity also resulted in low embryo oxygen uptake. Results presented in this study show that the growing conditions, in this instance temperature, of the parent plant affect the quality of its seed. Key words: Embryo, germination, oxygen uptake, vigor, wheat, high temperature

scholarly journals Comparison of seed quality at physiological maturity and harvest maturity of two pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Savita Khatta ◽  
Amadir Kaur ◽  
Gurmit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Germination Potential ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Seed quality at physiological and harvest maturity of two pigeon pea cultivars viz. AL15 and T21 was compared. Seeds of both cultivars attained maximum dry weights, germination potential and seed vigor in terms of root/shoot lengths and dry weights of seedlings at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T21 denoting their physiological maturities. The levels of endogenous seed reserves like starch, proteins, lipids, DINA and RNA were comparable at physiological and harvest maturities. The seeds at physiological maturities i.e. at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T2I attained most of the required characters associated with the harvest of crop.

scholarly journals Quality of adzuki bean seeds desiccated with flumioxazin and subjected to storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio Jardim Tavares ◽  
Morgana Soares Sousa ◽  
Marco Antonio Moreira de Freitas ◽  
Juliana de Fátima Sales ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Production and storage environments influence the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the herbicide flumioxazin applied as a preharvest desiccant and storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of adzuki bean seeds. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. Plots consisted of five doses of the herbicide flumioxazin (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 g ai·ha-1) and subplots consisted of two evaluation times (harvest and six months after harvest). Two controls, with no herbicide application, were tested for each evaluation time. The physiological seed quality was maintained with doses from 25 to 35 g·ha-1 of flumioxazin. Increasing herbicide doses reduced the electrical conductivity of seeds. The increased doses also reduced the percentage of normal seedlings in the first germination count after six months of storage and caused seedling vigor loss. The storage of adzuki bean for six months reduced its physiological quality, leading to losses in germination and seed vigor. Storage and increasing doses of the desiccant flumioxazin reduced the incidence of the pathogens Rhizopus, Cladosporium, and Fusarium in the seeds. The increased doses of this herbicide reduced Aspergillus incidence. Penicillium incidence was not affected by treatments.

scholarly journals Seed Development and Quality in Maize Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem GHASSEMI-GOLEZANI ◽  
Zahra TAJBAKHSH ◽  
Yaeghoob RAEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Filling Phase

In order to evaluate seed development and quality of maize (Zea mays) cultivars (DC-370, SC-500, OSSK-602 and SC-604), a split plot experiment (using R.C.B. design) with three replicates was conducted in 2009 at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Seeds were harvested at five day intervals in eight stages. Subsequently, the quality of seed samples was determined in the laboratory. Germination percentage and seedling dry weight were enhanced, but electrical conductivity of seed leachates was reduced with increasing seed weight on mother plant. Maximum seed quality of maize cultivars was attained at the end of seed filling phase. Seed quality at earlier harvests was low, because of immaturity. Differences in maximum seedling dry weight of maize cultivars were attributed to variation in genetic constitution. It was concluded that in maize cultivars, maximum seed quality could be achieved at physiological maturity.

scholarly journals Cucurbit Seed Development and Production

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Welbaum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Precocious Germination ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Seed Crops

Seed production in the family Cucurbitaceae is more complicated than in dry-seeded grain crops because seeds mature within a moist fruit and are often held at high moisture content for several weeks before seed harvest. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), a member of this family, was used as a model system to contrast seed development with crops that are dry at maturity. A detailed time course for `Top Mark' fruit and seed development is presented based on previous studies. In muskmelon fruit, precocious germination is inhibited osmotically by the low water potential of the surrounding fruit tissue. Muskmelon seeds exhibit primary dormancy that affects viability very early in development but has a greater effect on seed vigor and is removed by afterripening during dry storage. Osmotically distended or fish-mouth seeds are dead seeds that occur in cucurbit seed lots after aging kills the embryo without disrupting the semipermeable endosperm that completely surrounds and protects the embryo. Cucurbit seed crops should be harvested before the onset of fruit senescence to prevent aging of the seeds inside. Open-pollinated cucurbit seed crops are frequently once-over mechanically harvested. Mechanical harvesting combines seeds from many stages of development into a single seed lot, which may adversely affect quality and increase seed to seed variability. Hand harvesting cucurbit fruit at the optimal stage of development could improve seed quality in some instances but is more costly and time consuming and would increase production costs.

scholarly journals Using Hydrotime and ABA-time Models to Quantify Seed Quality of Brassicas during Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Still ◽  
Kent J. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Seed Crops

With many seed crops, the most difficult production decision is when to harvest. In indeterminate crops such as Brassica species, early harvests result in immature seed of low vigor while late harvests risk seed deterioration and seed loss due to shattering. To provide a biological basis on which to determine harvest timing, we have characterized seed development in rape seed (Brassica napus L. `Weststar') and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Group Capitata) using population-based hydrotime and ABA-time models. These models provide information relevant to assessing physiological maturity, and therefore, seed quality. The hydrotime and ABA-time models quantify germination rate, the uniformity of germination, viability, and the sensitivity of germination to water potential and ABA. Indices derived from these models, along with maximum germination and t50 values, were used to determine physiological maturity (maximum seed quality) of the seeds during development. The overall trends in seed development were similar in both species: as seeds matured, germination became more uniform and less sensitive to low Ψ and externally applied ABA. The models accurately described germination time courses and final germination percentages except for seeds imbibed at very high concentrations of ABA. In rape seed, physiological maturity was attained several days after maximum seed dry mass, while in red cabbage physiological maturity occurred at or after maximum seed dry mass. Vigor indices were correlated with easily discerned traits such as moisture content and silique phenotypic characteristics. The results of these experiments suggest that hydrotime and ABA-time models can be successfully used to provide a biological basis on which to determine harvest in brassicas.

scholarly journals Flowering pattern and seed development in indeterminate peanut cv. ‘Margenta’ and its influence on seed quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yun Liew ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Martini Mohammad Yusoff ◽  
Amyita Witty Ugap
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bell Shaped Curve

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. ‘Margenta’ has been reported to have poor germination (10%) at harvest. Peanut is an indeterminate crop and the nature of the plant can result in pods of varying maturity at harvest, contributing to the low germination. Thus, this study considered the flowering pattern and seed development in relation to plant growth and development to understand the relationship between maturity stages and seed quality. Peanut plants were uprooted from 24 – 114 days after anthesis (DAA). Pod and seed characteristics were observed, the ability to germinate was tested, and maturity stages were proposed. The flowering pattern conformed to a bell shaped curve with the first flowering at 25 days after sowing (DAS), which continued until 106 DAS. Pod size was found to remain constant from 54 DAA onwards while embryos attained maximum size at 64 DAA. Physiological maturity occurred at 94 DAA, while the highest germination (66%) was recorded sometime prior to physiological maturity (PM) (32% germination), followed by the onset of dormancy. Hence, pods are recommended to be uprooted at 74 – 84 DAA, and only pods within 0.1 m of the main stem are recommended as seeds to ensure uniformity and high germination.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in soybean seed quality under different storage conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Daniele Piano Rosa ◽  
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽  
Diego Santos Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva ◽  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Almost All

This study aimed to assess the effect of genetic diversity on physiological quality of soybean seeds stored in cold chamber and under environmental conditions. Ten cultivars were assessed in a randomized factorial design (2x10). Factor 1 corresponded to two storage conditions and factor 2 to ten soybean cultivars, with four replications. The evaluated variables were total germination (G%), first count of germination (F%), percentage of abnormal seedlings (AS%), germination speed index (GSI), water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), dry matter of seedlings (DMS) and length of seedlings (LS). Data underwent ANOVA, followed by Scott Knott test, as well as multivariate analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed a higher physiological quality for seeds under cold storage. Half of the cultivars (FPS Júpiter, FPS Urano, FPS Antares, FPS Netuno and CD 250) presented high germination rates and seed vigor, being thus indicated as high-standard materials for further breeding programs. Besides that, storage environment had influence on the clustering of soybean cultivars. Moreover, cultivars had genetic dissimilarity for almost all assessed traits as G%, GSI, F%, AS%, EC, DMS and LS.

scholarly journals Alternative procedure for the cold test for soybean seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi Vieira ◽  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
José de Barros França Neto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Seed Crops

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10ºC during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document