scholarly journals Flowering pattern and seed development in indeterminate peanut cv. ‘Margenta’ and its influence on seed quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yun Liew ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Martini Mohammad Yusoff ◽  
Amyita Witty Ugap
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bell Shaped Curve

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. ‘Margenta’ has been reported to have poor germination (10%) at harvest. Peanut is an indeterminate crop and the nature of the plant can result in pods of varying maturity at harvest, contributing to the low germination. Thus, this study considered the flowering pattern and seed development in relation to plant growth and development to understand the relationship between maturity stages and seed quality. Peanut plants were uprooted from 24 – 114 days after anthesis (DAA). Pod and seed characteristics were observed, the ability to germinate was tested, and maturity stages were proposed. The flowering pattern conformed to a bell shaped curve with the first flowering at 25 days after sowing (DAS), which continued until 106 DAS. Pod size was found to remain constant from 54 DAA onwards while embryos attained maximum size at 64 DAA. Physiological maturity occurred at 94 DAA, while the highest germination (66%) was recorded sometime prior to physiological maturity (PM) (32% germination), followed by the onset of dormancy. Hence, pods are recommended to be uprooted at 74 – 84 DAA, and only pods within 0.1 m of the main stem are recommended as seeds to ensure uniformity and high germination.

scholarly journals The Development of Seed Quality in Brassicas

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Still
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Reduced Water

Brassica crops have indeterminate growth and flower over an extended period of time. Harvested seed is therefore comprised of seed of varying degrees of physiological maturity and quality. Using population-based threshold models, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Group Italica), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea L. Group Gemmifera), red cabbage (B. oleracea L. Group Capitata), and rapeseed (B. napus L.) were characterized during seed development with respect to sensitivity to abiotic stress (reduced water potential) and shelf life. Using these models our data suggests that the physiological patterns of seed development are the same in all brassica crops we have tested to date. These population-based models can be used to provide a biological basis in which to evaluate cultural, postharvest and storage practices to ensure the production and maintenance of seed vigor.

scholarly journals Seed production and seed quality of the dune building grass Panicum racemosum Spreng

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Vieira Cordazzo ◽  
Anthony John Davy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Seed production, pollination requirement, seed characteristics related to quality and the relationship between number and mass of seeds were examined for Panicum racemosum in three successional populations in southern Brazilian coastal dunes. The seed production was generally low and declined further between the frontal dunes and the backdunes, dropping from 4.05 seeds per panicle in the former to 1.8 seeds in the latter. However fertility (% fertile florets) did not differ among the three habitats. Plants cross-pollinated in a glasshouse showed an increase in seed production to 41.4 seeds compared to no seed production in self-pollinated plants. Caryopses varied in mass from 3.2 to 12.2 mg with a mean of 7.98 mg. A strong negative correlation was found between mean individual seed mass and the total number of seeds per panicle in a natural population. However, this relationship did not persist in seeds produced by cultivated plants in the glasshouse. The causes of low seed production appear to be mainly pollen self-incompatibility and additionally competition for nutrients between sexual reproduction and allocation to clonal growth. Under conditions of nutrient shortage, Panicum racemosum probably allocates resources more to clonal growth and to fewer, but well-endowed seeds. This would permit emergence from deeper burial sand, faster growth and greater survival of seedlings.

scholarly journals Seed Development and Quality in Maize Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem GHASSEMI-GOLEZANI ◽  
Zahra TAJBAKHSH ◽  
Yaeghoob RAEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Filling Phase

In order to evaluate seed development and quality of maize (Zea mays) cultivars (DC-370, SC-500, OSSK-602 and SC-604), a split plot experiment (using R.C.B. design) with three replicates was conducted in 2009 at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Seeds were harvested at five day intervals in eight stages. Subsequently, the quality of seed samples was determined in the laboratory. Germination percentage and seedling dry weight were enhanced, but electrical conductivity of seed leachates was reduced with increasing seed weight on mother plant. Maximum seed quality of maize cultivars was attained at the end of seed filling phase. Seed quality at earlier harvests was low, because of immaturity. Differences in maximum seedling dry weight of maize cultivars were attributed to variation in genetic constitution. It was concluded that in maize cultivars, maximum seed quality could be achieved at physiological maturity.

scholarly journals Using Hydrotime and ABA-time Models to Quantify Seed Quality of Brassicas during Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Still ◽  
Kent J. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Seed Crops

With many seed crops, the most difficult production decision is when to harvest. In indeterminate crops such as Brassica species, early harvests result in immature seed of low vigor while late harvests risk seed deterioration and seed loss due to shattering. To provide a biological basis on which to determine harvest timing, we have characterized seed development in rape seed (Brassica napus L. `Weststar') and red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Group Capitata) using population-based hydrotime and ABA-time models. These models provide information relevant to assessing physiological maturity, and therefore, seed quality. The hydrotime and ABA-time models quantify germination rate, the uniformity of germination, viability, and the sensitivity of germination to water potential and ABA. Indices derived from these models, along with maximum germination and t50 values, were used to determine physiological maturity (maximum seed quality) of the seeds during development. The overall trends in seed development were similar in both species: as seeds matured, germination became more uniform and less sensitive to low Ψ and externally applied ABA. The models accurately described germination time courses and final germination percentages except for seeds imbibed at very high concentrations of ABA. In rape seed, physiological maturity was attained several days after maximum seed dry mass, while in red cabbage physiological maturity occurred at or after maximum seed dry mass. Vigor indices were correlated with easily discerned traits such as moisture content and silique phenotypic characteristics. The results of these experiments suggest that hydrotime and ABA-time models can be successfully used to provide a biological basis on which to determine harvest in brassicas.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Maximum Ingested Food Size and Body Mass in Varecia rubra and Propithecus coquereli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Jonathan M. G. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Varecia Rubra ◽  
Food Size ◽  
The Relationship

In a recent study, we quantified the scaling of ingested food size (Vb )—the maximum size at which an animal consistently ingests food whole—and found that Vb scaled isometrically between species of captive strepsirrhines. The current study examines the relationship between Vb and body size within species with a focus on the frugivorous Varecia rubra and the folivorous Propithecus coquereli. We found no overlap in Vb between the species (all V. rubra ingested larger pieces of food relative to those eaten by P. coquereli), and least-squares regression of Vb and three different measures of body mass showed no scaling relationship within each species. We believe that this lack of relationship results from the relatively narrow intraspecific body size variation and seemingly patternless individual variation in Vb within species and take this study as further evidence that general scaling questions are best examined interspecifically rather than intraspecifically.

CHANGES IN MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND QUALITY OF CORN SEED DURING HIGH-TEMPERATURE DRYING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRICH HERTER ◽  
JOSEPH S. BURRIS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Temperature Drying

Mechanical drying has frequently caused injury in corn seed. Changes in seed moisture, temperature, and quality were determined for inbred lines A632, B73 and Mo17 to define the relationship between these variables. Ears harvested at ca. 48 and 38% seed moisture could be dried at 50 °C for 4–15 h and 18–24 h, respectively, before germination started to decline linearly with prolonged 50 °C drying. Drying time at 50 °C, seed moisture, or embryo moisture after 50 °C drying could be used equally well for prediction of seed quality. Seedling dry weights often declined even when seed was dried for only a few hours at 50 °C. Temperature measurements within seeds indicated that evaporation cooled the seed no more than 5 °C. Drying susceptibility of seed parents varied greatly between years.Key words: Moisture, temperature changes, seed corn, drying

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in soybean seed quality under different storage conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Daniele Piano Rosa ◽  
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽  
Diego Santos Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva ◽  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Almost All

This study aimed to assess the effect of genetic diversity on physiological quality of soybean seeds stored in cold chamber and under environmental conditions. Ten cultivars were assessed in a randomized factorial design (2x10). Factor 1 corresponded to two storage conditions and factor 2 to ten soybean cultivars, with four replications. The evaluated variables were total germination (G%), first count of germination (F%), percentage of abnormal seedlings (AS%), germination speed index (GSI), water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), dry matter of seedlings (DMS) and length of seedlings (LS). Data underwent ANOVA, followed by Scott Knott test, as well as multivariate analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed a higher physiological quality for seeds under cold storage. Half of the cultivars (FPS Júpiter, FPS Urano, FPS Antares, FPS Netuno and CD 250) presented high germination rates and seed vigor, being thus indicated as high-standard materials for further breeding programs. Besides that, storage environment had influence on the clustering of soybean cultivars. Moreover, cultivars had genetic dissimilarity for almost all assessed traits as G%, GSI, F%, AS%, EC, DMS and LS.

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling identifies pathways involved in seeds maturation of Jatropha curcas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Maghuly ◽  
Tamas Deak ◽  
Klemens Vierlinger ◽  
Stephan Pabinger ◽  
Hakim Tafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Maturation Stages

Abstract Background: Jatropha curcas, a tropical shrub, is a promising biofuel crop, which produces seeds with a high content of oil and protein. To better understand the development of its seeds to improve Jatropha`s agronomic performance, a two-step approach was performed: 1) generation of the entire transcriptome of six different maturation stages of J. curcas seeds using 454-Roche sequencing of a cDNA library, 2) comparison of transcriptional expression levels in six different developmental stages of seeds using a custom Agilent 8x60K oligonucleotide microarray. Results: A total of 793,875 high-quality reads were assembled into 19,841 unique full-length contigs, of which 13,705 could be annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Microarray data analysis identified 9,111 probes (out of 57,842 probes), which were differentially expressed between the six developmental stages. The expression results were validated for 70 randomly selected putative genes. Result from cluster analyses showed that transcripts related to sucrose, fatty acid, flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignin, hormone biosynthesis were over-represented in the early stage, while lipid storage, seed dormancy and maturation in the late stage. Generally, the expression of the most over-represented transcripts decrease in the last stage of seed maturation. Further, expression analyses of different maturation stages of J. curcas seed showed that most changes in transcript abundance occurred between the two last stages, suggesting that the timing of metabolic pathways during seed maturation in J. curcas is in late stages. The co-expression result showed a high degree of connectivity between genes that play essential role in fatty acid biosynthesis and nutrient mobilization. Furthermore, seed development and hormone pathways are significantly well connected. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed DESs regulating important pathways related to seed maturation, which could contribute to understanding the complex regulatory network during seed development. This study provides detailed information on transcription changes during J. curcas seed development and provides a starting point for a genomic survey of seed quality traits. The current results highlighted specific genes and processes relevant to the molecular mechanisms involved in Jatropha seed development, and it is anticipated that this data can be delivered to other Euphorbiaceae species of economic value.

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