scholarly journals Effects of Topramezone and Bispyribac-sodium in Irrigation Water on Warm-season Turfgrasses

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-606
Author(s):  
William T. Haller ◽  
Lyn A. Gettys ◽  
Taizo Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Herbicide Concentration

Topramezone and bispyribac-sodium were registered for aquatic weed control in the last decade. A primary target for these products is fluridone-resistant hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), which is one of the most invasive submersed weeds in the southeastern United States. Both products have water use restrictions that prohibit irrigation of turfgrasses with treated waters until the herbicides have degraded to very low concentrations. The objective of these studies was to identify the concentrations of topramezone and bispyribac-sodium that are phytotoxic to turfgrasses that are commonly planted in Florida. Three species of turfgrass were irrigated twice weekly with 0.5 inch of treated water for 4 weeks (eight irrigations total). Cumulative EC10 values (the herbicide concentration that caused a 10% reduction in biomass compared with untreated control plants) after eight irrigations with water containing topramezone were 3.5, 4.3, and 17 ppb for ‘Palmetto’ st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and ‘Tifway 419’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis), respectively. Bispyribac-sodium was less toxic to all turfgrasses evaluated, with EC10 values of 56, 16, and >800 ppb for ‘Palmetto’ st. augustinegrass, ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, and ‘Tifway 419’ hybrid bermudagrass, respectively. These results support label instructions and highlight the need to comply with irrigation restrictions because the typical use concentrations for submersed weed control with topramezone and bispyribac-sodium are in the 20–40-ppb range.

scholarly journals Comparing Seeded Organicfiber Mat with Direct Soil Seeding for Warm-season Turfgrass Establishment

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Hensler ◽  
B.S. Baldwin ◽  
J.M. Goatley
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Turfgrass Establishment ◽  
Viable Method

A bioorganic fiber seeding mat was compared to traditional seeding into a prepared soil to ascertain any advantages or disadvantages in turfgrass establishment between the planting methods. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) were seeded at recommended levels in May 1995 and July 1996. The seeding methods were evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Plots were periodically rated for percent turf coverage; weed counts were taken about 4 weeks after study initiation. Percent coverage ratings for all grasses tended to be higher for direct-seeded plots under irrigated conditions in both years. Bermudagrass and bahiagrass established rapidly for both planting methods under either irrigated or nonirrigated conditions. Only carpetgrass and zoysiagrass tended to have greater coverage ratings in nonirrigated, mat-seeded plots in both years, although the percent plot coverage ratings never reached the minimum desired level of 80%. In both years, weed counts in mat-seeded plots were lower than in direct-seeded plots. A bioorganic fiber seeding mat is a viable method of establishing warm-season turfgrasses, with its biggest advantage being a reduction in weed population as compared to direct seeding into a prepared soil.

Sulfometuron for Eliminating Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) From Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Hanna ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Phil R. Utley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

This study was conducted to determine if ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, a major weed in turf and pastures in the southeastern United States, could be eliminated selectively from centipedegrass and ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass turf and a ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass pasture by treating with sulfometuron. Established Pensacola bahiagrass usually was controlled satisfactorily in Tifway bermudagrass and centipedegrass turf and in a Coastal bermudagrass pasture with sulfometuron at 210, 160, 105 g ai/ha applied twice, respectively. Bahiagrass seedlings were eliminated from both newly planted centipedegrass and Tifway bermudagrass turf with 105 g/ha sulfometuron applied once.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control with Topramezone and Triclopyr

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
To Receive

Common bermudagrass is a problematic weed within tall fescue turfgrass. Field research was conducted from 2010 to 2012 in Knoxville, TN, evaluating the efficacy of sequential applications of topramezone (12.5 and 25 g ha−1), triclopyr (1,120 g ha−1), and mixtures of topramezone + triclopyr for bermudagrass control in tall fescue turf. Sequential applications of fenoxaprop + triclopyr (100 + 1,120 g ha−1) were included for comparison. Three applications of each treatment were applied at 21-d intervals during July, August, and September of 2010 and 2011. Plots were stripped to receive tall fescue interseeding at 0 or 490 kg ha−1 during September 2010 and 2011. Bermudagrass control with topramezone + triclopyr mixtures was greater than topramezone or triclopyr applied alone 14 wk after initial treatment (WAIT) each year. In the second year of this study, topramezone + triclopyr mixtures controlled bermudagrass 27 to 50% compared to 27% for fenoxaprop + triclopyr by 52 WAIT. However, bermudagrass control with topramezone + triclopyr mixtures increased to 88 to 92% by 52 WAIT when accompanied with tall fescue interseeding at 490 kg ha−1. Future research should evaluate effects of interseeding on the efficacy of different herbicides for weed control in cool- and warm-season turf.

scholarly journals Winter-applied Glyphosate Effects on Spring Green-up of Zoysiagrasses and ‘Yukon’ Bermudagrass in a Transition Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rimi ◽  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Bernd Leinauer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

In transitional environments, turf managers and sod producers of warm-season grasses face the issue of winter annual weeds that can dominate dormant turf stands through the winter until late spring. The use of glyphosate to control weeds in dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) has been well documented, but information is lacking about its effect on spring green-up of other warm-season grasses. A field study was conducted on two commercial sod farms in northern Italy (Expt. 1) to evaluate the effects of glyphosate applied on two different winter dates on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A second study was carried out at the experimental agricultural farm of Padova University (Expt. 2) to assess the effects of a winter application of glyphosate on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass and ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Each experiment was conducted from Jan. to June 2011, and glyphosate was applied at 1.1 kg·ha−1 on 8 and 21 Feb. in Expt. 1 and on 8 Feb. in Expt. 2. Spring recovery was evaluated by periodical visual ratings of green turf cover and by collecting normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs). Weed injury was visually evaluated on all plots 7 weeks after the 8 Feb. glyphosate application. The visual ratings of green cover were strongly and positively correlated with NDVI measurements. Glyphosate applied in February as a single treatment effectively controlled winter weeds in ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Expt. 1) and ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass (Expt. 2) without negatively affecting spring green-up. In contrast, spring green-up of ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Expt. 2) was delayed by the application of glyphosate.

Effects of supplement or fertiliser on forage quality, and performance of stocker cattle grazing warm-season pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Rivera ◽  
M. L. Gipson ◽  
R. G. Gipson ◽  
R. W. Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Experimental Unit

Crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) beef steers (BW = 232.8 ± 14.6 kg; n = 90) were used over 3 years to examine the efficacy of N fertiliser compared with feed supplementation on forage quality, and animal production. Each year a new group of steers were weighed (unshrunk), and assigned to graze mixed warm-season perennial pastures (Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum notatum Flugge). Paddocks were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no fertiliser and no supplement (NONE); supplement of 1.1 kg of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) per steer (DM basis) and no fertiliser (DDGS); or fertiliser (134 kg/ha of N applied in split applications) and no supplement (FERT). Cattle were individually weighed at Days 0, 56, 84, and at Day 126, Day 140, Day 93 for Years 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Data were analysed as a mixed model, treatment being used as a fixed effect, year and block as random effects and pasture as the experimental unit. No differences were noted in BW at any point of the study. Greater total average daily gain (ADG) for the grazing period was noted with FERT and DDGS having greatest ADG compared with NONE. Input costs differed (P = 0.001) among all treatments with FERT having the highest input costs, followed by DDGS and NONE. A tendency (P = 0.11) for lowest return was noted with steers in the FERT group returning the least amount of money. No differences (P > 0.10) were noted in forage biomass (kg/ha) at any point of the study. At Day 56, FERT had least ADF (P = 0.03), greatest (P = 0.01) crude protein, and the greatest (P = 0.01) total digestible nutrients (TDN) compared with DDGS and NONE. At Day 84, similar effects existed with FERT having greater crude protein and TDN compared with DDGS and NONE (P ≤ 0.04). No effects (P > 0.10) existed for the last day of sampling for ADF and TDN, however there was a tendency increase in final crude protein (P = 0.07) associated with FERT and DDGS compared with NONE. Results indicate that similar beef cattle performance might be expected if either DDGS or FERT were used, with FERT increasing forage quality at variable points within the study.

Herbicide Effectiveness, Soil Residues, and Phytotoxicity to Peach Trees

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Skroch ◽  
T. J. Sheets ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Annual Application

Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile), 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil), and 3-tert-butyl-5-bromo-6-methyluracil (hereinafter referred to as DP-733) were applied annually for 3 years as soil surface or incorporated treatments for weed control in young peach (Prunus persica(L.) Batsch., var. Redhaven) trees. Average monthly ratings showed significant increases in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.) control with incorporation of all three herbicides. Treetrunk diameters in incorporated dichlobenil plots were greater than those in surface-applied dichlobenil plots. Incorporation in the soil reduced loss of dichlobenil, terbacil, and DP-733. The herbicides did not accumulate in the 0 to 15-cm soil layer. Low concentrations were detected in the 30 to 60-cm soil depth 1 year after the third annual application of 6.72 kg/ha of dichlobenil and 4.48 kg/ha of DP-733. Terbacil was not present in detectable amounts at 30 to 60 cm but was present in the 15 to 30-cm layer of 4.48 kg/ha plots.

scholarly journals Frequency and Pathogenicity of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes on Annual Ryegrass Overseeded on Bermudagrass in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes

Fungal diseases of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a cool-season species grown for forage and turf in the southeastern United States, and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), a warm-season perennial, usually are considered distinct. In May 2002 and 2004, symptoms of leaf and stem necrosis were observed simultaneously in forage bermudagrass and overseeded annual ryegrass on a swine waste application site in Mississippi. Sporulation by nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum was observed on symptomatic leaves of ryegrass that were surface disinfested and plated on agar each year, and axenic cultures were established by spore transfers. These isolations represent four new worldwide and two new North American records of occurrence of fungal pathogens on ryegrass, and three new records for the southeastern United States and Mississippi. Bipolaris cynodontis, a common bermudagrass pathogen, and Drechslera dictyoides were observed most frequently on ryegrass during both years. In excised leaves of ryegrass inoculated with infested agar discs, most isolates of B. cynodontis from ryegrass and bermudagrass were equally virulent and caused necrosis equal to or greater than that caused by D. dictyoides, an established ryegrass pathogen. Isolates of B. cynodontis from both hosts also caused similar symptoms in foliage of ryegrass and bermudagrass following spore inoculations. Pathogenicity to ryegrass of five other species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes that represented new worldwide or North American records of occurrence also was demonstrated by foliar inoculations. All pathogens were reisolated from symptomatic tissues and grown in axenic culture for fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Results demonstrate that most of the same species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes infect both forage ryegrass and bermudagrass in Mississippi and indicate that B. cynodontis, in particular, may be a common and virulent pathogen of ryegrass in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals Germination Characteristics of Three Warm-season Turfgrasses Subjected to Matriconditioning and Aging

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Hacisalihoglu
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Many warm-season turfgrass seeds have relatively poor germination percentages. Matriconditioning is a seed enhancement technique with a solid carrier and may be a practical solution to improve the germination characteristics of warm-season turfgrass. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of matriconditioning on three nonaged and aged turfgrass cultivars: ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), ‘Princess’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and ‘Common’ centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides). Seeds were matriconditioned with a synthetic calcium silicate (MicroCel E) as a carrier and water at 30 °C for 5 days. Seed, carrier, and water ratio was 1 g, 0.5 g, and 1.5 mL, respectively. Matriconditioning increased final germination to 55% (bahiagrass), 90% (bermudagrass), and 70% (centipedegrass) compared with 92% in nontreated control seeds. Furthermore, matriconditioning decreased mean germination time 20% to 65% in all seeds compared with the nontreated control. Accelerated aging was induced by storing seeds for 0, 7, and 14 days at 42 °C and 95% relative humidity. Germination percentage decreased and mean germination time increased with the aging, especially after 14 days of aging treatment. These results suggest that matriconditioning is an effective technique to improve turfgrass seed performance.

scholarly journals Drought Resistance of Warm-season Turfgrasses Grown in Mediterranean Region of Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songul Severmutlu ◽  
Nedim Mutlu ◽  
Ercan Gurbuz ◽  
Osman Gulsen ◽  
Murat Hocagil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
The Mediterranean

There is a dearth of information about turfgrass drought resistance and adaptation in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turfgrass managers in this region need this information to help them make informed decisions regarding turfgrass selection and management. This research was conducted to assess the drought resistance of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) under Mediterranean conditions of Turkey. The study was conducted at two locations, Antalya and Mersin, and was repeated in 2006 and 2007 at both locations. One year after establishment, the turfs were subjected to drought stress for 90 days, which was followed by resumption of irrigation for recovery of the turf. Percentage leaf firing, turfgrass quality, and percent green shoot recovery were recorded. There were inter and intraspecies differences detected for percentage leaf firing and shoot recovery. Bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and buffalograss exhibited superior drought resistance as demonstrated by lower leaf firing and better shoot recovery values when compared with other species studied. Centipedegrass and zoysiagrass demonstrated a high leaf firing and very poor shoot recovery, whereas zoysiagrass and tall fescue were unable to recover from the drought stress in the sandy soil. Results showed that ‘SWI-1045’ (Contessa®) and ‘SWI-1044’ bermudagrass and ‘Cody’ buffalograss possessed superior drought resistance with acceptable turfgrass quality up to 30 days under drought stress that can be used for water-efficient turf management under the Mediterranean environment.

scholarly journals Postemergence Weed Control in Warm-season Turfgrass with a Mixture of Pyrimisulfan and Penoxsulam

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Virginia Buttonweed

Pyrimisulfan is a sulfonanilide herbicidal inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS) used to control grass and sedge weeds of rice (Oryza stricta L.) production. Penoxsulam is an ALS-inhibiting herbicide that provides early postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in managed turfgrass. Separate field trials were conducted in Knoxville, TN, during Summer 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam for control of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), wild violet (Viola spp.), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.), and virginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana L.) in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turf. All treatments were applied on a granular fertilizer carrier (mean particle size, 1.5 mm) that contained 21% N : 0% P2O5 : 3% K2O. Treatments were applied at an early postemergence growth stage during April of each year and were irrigated into the soil within 24 hours of application. Weed control was assessed from 4 to 10 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT) relative to untreated control plots in each replication. White clover and wild violet were controlled effectively with pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam at 70 + 70 g·ha−1 whereas sequential applications at either 70 + 70 g·ha−1 followed by 35 + 35 g·ha−1 or 52.5 + 52.5 g·ha−1 followed by 52.5 + 52.5 g·ha−1 were needed to control yellow nutsedge, ground ivy, and virginia buttonweed effectively. Future research should explore long-term control of these species, particularly wild violet, ground ivy, and virginia buttonweed with pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam applied over multiple seasons. Chemical names: 2′-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)(hydroxy) methyl]-1,1-difluoro-6′-(methoxymethyl)methanesulfonanilide (pyrimisulfan); 2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy1,2,4triazolo 1.5-c-pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide (penoxsulam).

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