scholarly journals Physiological Response of Mature Green Tomatoes to Treatment with Ethylene at High Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Loayza ◽  
Michael T. Masarirambi ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Charles A. Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Tomato Quality ◽  
Accelerated Ripening ◽  
Lower Temperature

This study investigated the effect of ethylene treatment at high temperatures of 30 to 40 °C for up to 72 hours on subsequent ripening-associated processes in mature green ‘Sunny’ and ‘Agriset 761’ tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Compared with ethylene-treated fruit at 20 °C, ethylene exposure at 30 or 35 °C stimulated ripening in terms of ethylene biosynthesis and color development, but the ethylene effect was only apparent after transfer to air at 20 °C. There were no negative effects on ripe tomato quality related to ethylene exposure at 30 or 35 °C. However, ethylene production of tomatoes was permanently impaired by ethylene exposure at 40 °C for 48 or 72 hours even after transferring fruit to air at 20 °C; these fruit exhibited slow softening and color development. Our results suggest that tomatoes perceive ethylene at 30 to 35 °C despite impairment of ripening at those temperatures, with the accelerated ripening response becoming apparent only after transferring the tomatoes to air at lower temperature.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Atmosphere for Storage of Mature-green and Tree-ripe `Tommy Atkins' Mangoes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 804F-805
Author(s):  
R.J. Bender ◽  
J.K. Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Green Stage ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

Mangoes for long-distance markets are harvested at the mature-green stage and shipped in refrigerated containers. Shipment under controlled atmosphere is still tentative, and the CO2 concentrations used are relatively low (maximum 10%), although mangoes have been reported as being less-sensitive to elevated CO2 than other tropical fruits. In the present study, CO2 concentrations of 10%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% combined with 5% O2 were used to store mangoes. Mature-green `Tommy Atkins' were stored for 21 days at 12C, followed by air storage at 20C for 5 days. Tree-ripe mangoes were stored at 8 or 12C under the same conditions. Ethanol production rates increased along with increasing CO2 concentrations. However, only 35% and 45% CO2 atmospheres inflicted damage. Color development was severely inhibited under those treatments. Lower CO2 treatments, up to 25% in the storage atmosphere, inhibited skin color development and ethylene biosynthesis but, after 5 days in air at 20C, skin color and ethylene production reached control levels. Fruit flesh firmness did not differ among treatments at 12C. Tree ripe mangoes stored in CA at 8C were only significantly firmer than control fruit at transfer from CA to air.

scholarly journals Carrot Seed Germination at High Temperature: Effect of Genotype and Association with Ethylene Production

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1538-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warley M. Nascimento ◽  
Jairo V. Vieira ◽  
Giovani O. Silva ◽  
Kathleen R. Reitsma ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
North Central Regional ◽  
Carrot Seed

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed germination may be erratic or reduced under high temperatures (above 35 °C). Even in tropical genotypes (tolerant to high temperatures during crop development), the negative effects of high temperatures on carrot stand establishment have been observed, especially during summer. The objectives of this study were to characterize commercial carrot cultivars and accession lines for their ability to germinate at high temperature and determine the ethylene production during imbibition at high temperature. Seeds from 34 commercial cultivars and 125 carrot accessions from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station were germinated at 25 °C (optimal) and 35 ± 0.5 °C (high) in constant light. Ethylene production during seed imbibition at high temperature was evaluated in some genotypes. Many of the commercial cultivars had reduced germination at 35 °C. ‘XPC-3617’, ‘Alvorada’, ‘Brasilia’, and ‘Esplanada’ had the greatest germination at 35 °C. A greater number of accessions germinated at 35 °C than did the commercial genotypes. The accession PI 319858 germinated 95% at both temperatures and was considered thermotolerant. Six accessions (Ames 7665, Ames 7698, Ames 25031, PI 167082, PI 294637, and PI 319858) germinated above 80% at 35 °C and were also identified as potential sources of thermotolerance. Fifteen other accessions (Ames 7694, Ames 25031, Ames 25036, Ames 25049, Ames 25705, PI 167082, PI 179687, PI 180834, PI 261782, PI 269486, PI 273658, PI 277710, PI 288242, PI 294637, and PI 319858) had thermotolerance ratios of T35/T25 0.85 or greater (where T35 = germination at 35 °C and T25 = germination at 25 °C) and were identified for further testing. The identified thermotolerant genotypes might be useful for carrot seed germination mechanism studies as well as for breeding programs. Ethylene production during seed germination at high temperature was greater in thermotolerant genotypes than in thermosensitive genotypes. High correlations were observed between first germination count at 35 °C and ethylene production, total germination at 35 °C and ethylene production, and thermotolerance ratio and ethylene production.

scholarly journals Ethylene Biosynthesis and Fruit Color Development in `Pink Lady' Apples during Growth and Maturation

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 762C-762
Author(s):  
Suparna Whale* ◽  
Zora Singh ◽  
John Janes
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Hue Angle

Growth and maturation of `Pink Lady' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples with special emphasis on ethylene biosynthesis and color development were monitored in Western Australia during 2002-2003. Changes in fruit growth, respiration rate, ethylene production, anthocyanin accumulation and development of red blush were evaluated between 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and commercial harvest (191DAFB). Fruit diameter, length and fresh weight showed the typical single sigmoid growth curve, with linear increases until 158 DAFB. High respiration rate and ethylene production were recorded 60 DAFB followed by rapid decrease until 144 DAFB and then a steady increase, which peaked between 172 and 179 DAFB. Red blush on the fruit surface showed steady increase from 167 DAFB and corresponded to concomitant decrease in hue angle. Total anthocyanin increased from 167 DAFB till harvest and synchronized with increasing ethylene and maturity of apples. There were significant (P ≤ 0.001), direct linear relationships between ethylene production and total anthocyanin (r = 0.63, y = 7.6032x + 2.4756), total anthocyanin and red blush (r = 0.74, y = 0.5082x -1.54). Significant (P ≤ 0.001) negative direct linear relationships between total anthocyanin and hue angle (r = -0.89, y = -0.5973x + 110.14), and ethylene and hue angle (r = -0.69, y = -5.37x + 109.60) were recorded. Increasing anthocyanin content and red blush also coincided with decreasing daily temperatures in the orchard. Reduction in fruit firmness and acidity and increase in TSS from 167DAFB were good indicators of advancing maturity of apples. Our experimental results indicate that red blush in `Pink Lady' apples develops a few weeks before harvest and is regulated by ethylene biosynthesis and temperature.

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND POLLEN VIABILITY OF PISUM SATIVUM GENOTYPES UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE

2009 ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Petkova ◽  
V. Nikolova ◽  
S.H. Kalapchieva ◽  
V. Stoeva ◽  
E. Topalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Temperature Influence

Comparison of Two Protein Extraction Methods for Tea Residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Hong Yu Luo ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Peng Xiang Yue ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Lower Temperature

Alcohol-alkali method and base digestion method were investigated to extract proteins from tea residues, respectively. According to single factorial experiments, results showed that the optimal extraction technology of alcohol-alkali method were pH 12, temperature of 80 °C, ethanol concentration of 60%, liquid-solid ratio of 40, 60 min, and the protein extraction rate reached 15.0%. And the optimal extract conditions of base digestion were pH 12, temperature of 80 °C, liquid-solid ratio of 50, 80 min, which made the protein yield reached 31.5%. Furthermore, alcohol-alkali method was more beneficial to protein extraction from tea residues under lower temperature and weak alkali condition (40-60 °C, pH 8-10). While base digestion had higher extraction yield under high temperature and strong alkali condition (60-80 °C, pH 11-12).

Ethylene production via ethanol dehydration over desilicated ZSM-5 catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Loc Bui Tan ◽  
Tu Le Nguyen Quang ◽  
Long Nguyen Quang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Lower Temperature

The catalytic dehydration of ethanol is a potential alternative route to synthesize ethylene apart from the traditional method which depends on fossil fuels. This report successfully prepared modified ZSM-5 with mesopores using desilication methods to enhance ethanol catalytic dehydration performance and ethylene production at lower temperature. The modified zeolite have the external surface area increased by 3.5 times and a higher dehydration efficiency compared with the original sample especially at temperatures below 220°C. Increasing reaction temperatures and gas houly space velocity (GHSV) increased the dehydration efficiency while increasing the inlet ethanol concentration had opposite effect. Significantly, the ethanol conversion over modified zeolite remained above 90 % when the GHSV increased to 36000 h‑1 after the time-on-stream of 24 h.

Mineral partitioning in milk and milk permeates at high temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divina D Kaombe ◽  
Yanhong Du ◽  
Michael J Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Casein Micelle ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Separation Temperature ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Mineral Partitioning

The soluble phase of milk was separated at 20 and 80°C using ultrafiltration. The resulting permeates were then subjected to further ultrafiltration and dialysis at close to these two temperatures. It was found that pH, Ca2+ and soluble Ca decreased as the separation temperature increased both in original UF permeates and in dialysates obtained from these permeates, but P decreased only slightly. The major reason for these changes was due to the precipitation of calcium phosphate/citrate complexes onto the casein micelle with concomitant release of H+. The pH of both permeates and dialysates from milk at 20°C were slightly higher than for milk. When UF permeates collected at 20 and 80°C, were each dialysed at both these temperatures, the dialysate collected at 80°C showed much less temperature dependence for pH and ionic calcium compared with that collected at 20°C. This is in contrast to milk, which shows considerable temperature dependence for pH and ionic calcium. Further experiments revealed that the pH and Ca2+ concentration of permeates showed high temperature dependence above the temperature at which they were separated, but a much lower temperature dependence below that temperature. These findings suggest that dialysis and UF of milk at high temperature provide the best means yet for estimating the pH and ionic calcium of milk at that temperature.

Evidence for inhibitor involvement in thermodormancy of Grand Rapids lettuce seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Chris Small ◽  
Yitzchak Gutterman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractProlonged imbibition and incubation of lettuce seeds at a supraoptimal temperature induces secondary dormancy. Such seeds no longer germinate when returned to conditions optimal for germination of non-dormant seeds. The possibility that inhibitors are involved in the induction of thermodormancy was investigated.Washing of thermodormant seeds restored germination to a small extent. However, continuous leaching of seeds during high-temperature treatment with distilled water, largely prevented the induction of thermodormancy. Such seeds were qualitatively similar to nondormant seeds, i.e. they required only light to germinate at a lower temperature and germinated in the dark if given GA3. The germination water from thermodormant seeds inhibited the germination of non-dormant lettuce seeds. The inhibition was not an osmotic effect. Absorbance in the ultraviolet region was higher in germination water from thermodormant seeds than that of non-dormant seeds. It is concluded that inhibitors are involved in the induction of thermodormancy of lettuce seeds.

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