scholarly journals External Morphological Characteristics for Histogenesis in Pecan Anthers

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Yates ◽  
Darrell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Cellular Specialization

External “morphological characteristics of catkins from one protogynous (`Stuart') and one protandrous (`Desirable') cultivar of pecan [Carya illinoensis Wangenh.) C. Koch] were examined to define markers of cellular differentiation in the anthers. The angle between the catkin rachis and the bract, visibility of the bracteole, rachis, and anther, and anther color proved to be markers by which development could be categorized into five stages. `Stuart' catkins with bracts as the only externally visible portion of the floret (Stage I) commonly had two locules in each anther lobe. When bracteoles became externally visible (Stage II), cellular specialization had occurred to form a central core containing reproductive cells and tapetal cells differentiated and separated from the exterior layers of the anther wall. Disintegration of tapetal cells and thickening of endothecium eel! walls occurred as the angle between the rachis and bract increased to 45° (Stage III). The anther wall was reduced to only two cell layers, epidermis and endothecium, as the anthers became visible (Stage IV). The pollen grains were mature when the anthers developed a yellowish tinge (Stage V) just before anther dehiscence. Tapetal cells had developed distinguishing traits in anthers of Stage I `Desirable' catkins and endothecial cells of Stage II. Internal anther development was similar for both cultivars from Stages III-V. Trichomes, a common feature-on the surface of the staminate floral parts, became less dense with proximity of the floral parts to the interior of the floret and with catkin maturity.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics and In Situ Auxin Production during the Histogenesis of Staminate Flowers in Precocious Walnut

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Dong Pei
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Auxin Production ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Cellular Specialization

Monoclonal anti-indole acetic acid antibodies were used to monitor the temporal and spatial pattern of auxin during staminate flower differentiation in walnut (Juglans regia) cultivars Liaoning 1 and Liaoning 3. The relationship between morphological characteristics and histological structure was established. Seven stages of differentiation were recognized based on the visibility and color of the squama, bract, perianth, and rachis as follows: Stage 1, several bract primordia were present in the squama with catkins protruding from the squama as the only externally visible portion of the floret (Stage 1); the bract became externally visible, and the floret, perianth, and stamen primordia formed basipetally (Stage 2); the length of catkins were elongated, only bracts visible and getting brown (Stage 3); the bracts were brown and wrapped tightly, cellular specialization occurred to form a central core containing reproductive cells and tapetal cells that differentiated (Stage 4); the perianth became visible externally, reproductive cells and tapetal cells separated from the exterior layers of the anther wall (Stage 5); the anther walls were reduced to two cell layers (epidermis and endothecium) as the anthers became visible and matured (Stage 6); and the anther turned black, dehisced, and released its pollen grains (Stage 7). The histological differentiation of the flowers was related to auxin. The auxin signal was strongest in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) during bract primordia differentiation; thus, the SAM may be a site of auxin production. When the floral organs began centralized differentiation, auxin was distributed mainly in the differentiating tissues. Our findings indicate that a high level of auxin may strongly affect morphogenesis. Additionally, the tapetal and reproductive cells that arise during cellular specialization may be important for auxin production. The distribution of auxin was centralized in germ pores at the pollen grain surface, indicating that a high level of auxin induces pollen germination.

scholarly journals Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and pollen grains in Lathyrus undulatus Boiss

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Vardar ◽  
Meral Ünal
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Microspore Stage ◽  
Pollen Stage ◽  
Mature Anther ◽  
Insoluble Polysaccharides

Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and pollen grains inLathyrus undulatusBoissInLathyrus undulatusBoiss. (Fabaceae), the young microspore stage of anther development was characterized by the enlarged secretory tapetal cells, which presented an intense reaction with regard to protein, insoluble polysaccharides and lipids. At bicellular pollen stage, the middle layer and the tapetum degenerated. After degradation of the tapetum, epidermis and single row U-shaped endothecium existed in the mature anther wall, and pollen grains remained in the locus. Young microspores had a spherical and centrally located nucleus with one or two nucleoli, many spherical lipid bodies and starchy plastids. A mature pollen grain contains insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and calcium. The mature pollen had the following morphological characteristics: 3-zonocolporate, prolate, tectate (imperforate) type of exine and perforate type of structure. The intine formed an important constituent portion of the wall, and consisted two sublayers: an outer intine (exintine) and an inner intine (endintine). The well-defined exine was made up of lipoidal substances and protein, but the intine composed of insoluble polysaccharides and protein. The bicellular state of the pollen grains persisted to anthesis.

scholarly journals Gastric Cancer Treatments and Survival Trends in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Stahl ◽  
Elizabeth J. Olecki ◽  
Matthew E. Dixon ◽  
June S. Peng ◽  
Madeline B. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Specific Guideline ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite evidence-based recommendation for treatment, the current treatment patterns for all stages of gastric cancer remain largely unexplored. This study investigates trends in the treatments and survival of gastric cancer. The National Cancer Database was used to identify gastric adenocarcinoma patients from 2004–2016. Chi-square tests were used to examine subgroup differences between disease stages: Stage I, II/III and IV. Multivariate analyses identified factors associated with the receipt of guideline concordant care. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess three-year overall survival. The final cohort included 108,150 patients: 23,584 Stage I, 40,216 Stage II/III, and 44,350 Stage IV. Stage specific guideline concordant care was received in only 73% of patients with Stage I disease and 51% of patients with Stage II/III disease. Patients who received guideline consistent care had significantly improved survival compared to those who did not. Overall, we found only moderate improvement in guideline adherence and three-year overall survival during the 13-year study time period. This study showed underutilization of stage specific guideline concordant care for stage I and II/III disease.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Polysaccharides and Neutral Lipids during Anther Development in Castor (Ricinus communis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Wei ◽  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Ruili Li
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Tapetal Cells

Anthers contain starch and neutral lipids, which have key roles in microspore ontogeny and gametophyte development. In this study, we observed the dynamic changes in starch and neutral lipids in the anther developmental processes of castor (Ricinus communis) by cytochemical methods. Starch grains and neutral lipids presented a regular dynamic distribution during anther development. In young anthers, some neutral lipids accumulated in sporogenous cells, whereas neutral lipids disappeared with microspore growth. At the late microspore stage, starch grains began to accumulate in microspores, and the starch content of bicellular pollen significantly increased after microspore mitosis. At anthesis, starch grains and neutral lipids accumulated in the mature pollen grains. Visible changes occurred in anther wall cells. The epidermis, middle layer, and tapetum were degenerated, and only a single layer of endothecium remained at anthesis. The dynamic variation of starch grains and neutral lipids in tapetal cells was consistent with the changes in microspores and pollen during anther development. All these findings demonstrated that tapetal cells directly interacted with the developing gametophytes. The tapetal cells play an important role in supplying nutritional substances for microspore absorption. Moreover, the endothecium protects the pollen and contributes to anther dehiscence. The results of this study provide a foundation for the further research on sexual reproduction in angiosperms.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Syaifurrahman Hidayat ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah ◽  
Dewi Herlina Susantin
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
T Test ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Post Test

Daun salam (syzygiumpolyanthum) merupakan salah satu dari jenis terapi herbal yang digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit salah satunya yaitu untuk menangani penyakit hipertensi,untuk menurunkan hipertensi dibutuhkan 10 lembar daun salam dan 300 ml air lalu direbus hingga mendidih dan menyusut menjadi 200 ml dan dikonsumsi sebanyak 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari, masing-masing 100 ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh air rebusan daun salam dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen Pre post test design, dimana pada rancangan ini berupaya mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan kelompok eksperimental, dengan sampel sebanyak 30 0rang Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi tekanan darah langsung dan wawancara ke responden.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar berada pada stage III sebanyak 22 orang (73,3 %), lalu sebagian kecil berada pada stage IV dengan 2 orang (6,7 %). Setelah dilakukan penelitian menunujukkan sesudah diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar menempati stage II sebanyak 28 orang (93,3 %), sebagian kecil berada pada stage I hanya 2 orang (6,7 %). Hasil uji T test paried dan uji T test didapatkan nilai signifikan 0.000 yang nilainya lebih kecil dari taraf kesalahan α 0.05. sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh air rebusan daun salam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia yang menderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk Kecamatan Guluk-Guluk. Daun salam mempunyai kandungan kimia seperti minyak atsiri, sitrat, euganol, tannin serta flavanoid yang dipercaya mampu untuk menurunkan tekanan darah, mekanisme kerja dari daun salam ini yaitu merangsang sekresi cairan empedu sehingga lemak akan keluar bersamaan dengan usus yang kemudian mengurangi gumpalan lemak yang mengendap dalam pembuluh darah sehingga aliran darah menjadi lancar dan tekanan darah akan normal.

scholarly journals Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Dmytryk ◽  
Tetiana Luhovska ◽  
Pavel Yakovlev ◽  
Olexiy Savchuk ◽  
Ludmila Ostapchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1β was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-α was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN- γ declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.

Randomized Comparison of Cisplatin/Vincristine/Fluorouracil and Cisplatin/Continuous Infusion Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric Hepatoblastoma: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2665-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ortega ◽  
Edwin C. Douglass ◽  
James H. Feusner ◽  
Marleta Reynolds ◽  
John J. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Favorable Histology ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Initial Surgery

PURPOSE: Previous studies demonstrated that chemotherapy with either cisplatin, vincristine, and fluorouracil (regimen A) or cisplatin and continuous infusion doxorubicin (regimen B) improved survival in children with hepatoblastoma. The current trial is a randomized comparison of these two regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (N = 182) were enrolled onto study between August 1989 and December 1992. After initial surgery, patients with stage I–unfavorable histology (UH; n = 43), stage II (n = 7), stage III (n = 83), and stage IV (n = 40) hepatoblastoma were randomized to receive regimen A (n = 92) or regimen B (n = 81). Patients with stage I–favorable histology (FH; n = 9) were treated with four cycles of doxorubicin alone. RESULTS: There were no events among patients with stage I-FH disease. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) estimates were 57% (SD = 5%) and 69% (SD = 5%) for patients on regimens A and B, respectively (P = .09) with a relative risk of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 2.5) for regimen A versus B. Toxicities were more frequent on regimen B. Patients with stage I-UH, stage II, stage III, or stage IV disease had 5-year EFS estimates of 91% (SD = 4%), 100%, 64% (SD = 5%), and 25% (SD = 7%), respectively. Outcome was similar for either regimen within disease stages. At postinduction surgery I, patients with stage III or IV disease who were found to be tumor-free had no events; those who had complete resections achieved a 5-year EFS of 83% (SD = 6%); other patients with stage III or IV disease had worse outcome. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome was not significantly different between regimen A and regimen B. Excellent outcome was achieved for patients with stage I-UH and stage II hepatoblastoma and for subsets of patients with stage III disease. New treatment strategies are needed for the majority of patients with advanced-stage hepatoblastoma.

Paleoenvironmental Evolution of early Paleogene in the Sanshui Basin Indicated from Factor Analysis of Main Elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5813-5816
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Zheng Qing Wang ◽  
Yan Shi Xie ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Evolution ◽  
Early Paleogene

In this paper, factor analysis are used to study the early Paleogene paleoenvironmental evolution from the Sanshui Basin, and main conclusions can be obtained as follows: stage I (89.0-73.0m), relatively dry and relatively low temperatures; stage II (73.0-52.5m), warm and humidity of the climate and environment; stage III (52.5-22.5m), the ancient climate conditions change quickly, showing the alternating warm and humidity and dry; stage IV (22.5-0m), prevailing warm and moist climatic conditions.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of childhood: an analysis of the histology, staging, and response to treatment of 338 cases at a single institution.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Murphy ◽  
D L Fairclough ◽  
R E Hutchison ◽  
C W Berard
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Between 1962 and 1986, a total of 338 consecutive newly diagnosed children and adolescents with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) were evaluated and treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH). Median follow-up is 6.6 years (range, 1.8 to 23 years). The patients ranged in age from 7 months to 21 years (median, 10 years), and 71% were males. All cases were staged (I to IV) by a clinical staging system. Eighteen percent were stage I, 21% stage II, 43% stage III, and 18% stage IV. Cases frankly leukemic at diagnosis (ie, greater than 25% marrow blasts) were excluded from the analysis. Pathologic material from all cases was reviewed and classified according to the Working Formulation. The histologic distribution of cases was as follows: 38.8% diffuse small non-cleaved cell (undifferentiated, Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's); 26.3% diffuse large-cell, mainly immunoblastic; 28.1% lymphoblastic; and 6.8% other. Treatment policy evolved over time to a stage- and histology-specific strategy for treatment assignment, and overall results significantly improved by era from 37% (+/- 5%) 2-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients treated before 1975 to 77% (+/- 4%) since 1978. By univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the era of treatment (hence, the protocol-specific treatment itself), the stage, and the log of the initial serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) emerged as the most powerful prognostic indicators, while histology per se was not significantly related to outcome. For the 154 patients treated since 1978, the 2-year EFS by stage was 97% (+/- 3%) for stage I, 86% (+/- 6%) for stage II, 73% (+/- 6%) for stage III, and 47% (+/- 11%) for stage IV (P less than .0001). Compared with our previous experience, we conclude that the cure rate of childhood NHL has doubled in the last decade with modern management.

Single-Incision Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer: Experiences with 308 Consecutive Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumitsu Hirano ◽  
Masakazu Hattori ◽  
Kenji Douden ◽  
Chikashi Hiranuma ◽  
Yasuo Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Intention To Treat

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been developed with the aim to further reduce the invasiveness of conventional laparoscopy. Our experiences with more than 300 consecutive patients with SILS for colon cancer are reviewed, and its outcomes are evaluated to determine the midterm clinical and oncologic safety of SILS for colon cancer in a community hospital. A single surgeon's consecutive experience of SILS for colon cancer is presented. Three hundred and eight patients were treated with the SILS procedure for colon cancer between December 2010 and March 2015. Data were analyzed according to intention to treat. Of these 308 patients, 19 (6.2%) were converted to laparotomy. Intraoperative injury occurred in five patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 patients (6.2%). The 2-year relapse-free survival rates of patients with Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III were 97.8, 92.2, and 80.4 per cent, respectively, and the 2-year overall survival rates of patients with Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV were 100, 95.7, 93.0, and 74.4 per cent, respectively. Our initial experiences showed that SILS colectomy for cancer can be performed safely and with good short-term oncologic outcomes by a skilled surgeon.

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