Comparison of Plant Establishment Method, Transplant, or Direct Seeding on Growth and Yield of Bell Pepper

Transplants produced with overhead or subirrigation and plants from direct seeding using primed or nontreated `Jupiter' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds were evaluated for growth and yield in the field for 3 years. Early in development, overhead-irrigated (01) transplants had more basal root elongation than subirrigated (SI) transplants; however, root growth differences caused by irrigation systems in the greenhouse were minimized during late ontogeny in the field. Basal, lateral, and taproot dry weights accounted for 81%, 15%, and 4% of the total for transplants and 25%, 57%, and 18% of the total for direct-seeded plants. Direct-seeded plants maintained a more-balanced root, stem, leaf, and fruit dry matter partitioning than transplants, which allocated more dry weight (per unit of root growth) to stems, leaves, and fruits. Over all seasons, transplants exhibited significantly higher and earlier yields than direct-seeded pepper plants, and total yields were similar between SI and OI transplants and between primed and nontreated seeds.

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GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEPPER TRANSPLANTS AND DIRECT-SEEDED PLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.6.775d ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 775D-775

Author(s):

Daniel I. Leskovar

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Growth Period ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Shoot And Root Growth ◽

Pepper Plants

Pepper cv. `Jupiter' plants were field-grown from containerized transplants produced with either overhead (SPl) or sub-flotation (SP2) irrigation, or from direct seeding, in 3 years. Shoot and root growth were measured at frequent intervals. At planting, SPl transplants had larger basal root length and numbers than SP2 transplants. At the end of the growth period, basal, lateral, and taproot dry weights accounted for 81, 15, and 4% of the total for transplants, and 25, 57, and 18% of the total for direct-seeded plants. The coordination of growth (linear logarithm relationship) between root and shoot, changed after fruit set only in transplants. Over all seasons, transplants exhibited significantly higher yields than direct-seeded pepper plants.

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A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 507-523

Author(s):

Amir Ehsan ◽

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽

Amjed Ali

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Research Area ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Competitive Index ◽

Economic Thresholds ◽

Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

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Feasibility of Improving Cucumber Yield without Chemical Control in Soils Susceptible to Nematode Buildup

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1136 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1136-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H.Y. Hanna ◽

P.D. Colyer ◽

T.L. Kirkpatrick ◽

D.J. Romaine ◽

P.R. Vernon

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Yield Response ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Cucumber Yield

Studies were conducted for 2 years in root-knot-nematode-infested soils to determine growth and yield response of `Dasher II' cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) to double-cropping with nematode-resistant tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), using nematode-free cucumber transplants and preplant treatment with ethoprop nematicide. Cucumbers grown following the nematode-resistant `Celebrity' tomato during the same season produced significantly more plant dry weight, more fruit per plant, and higher premium and total yields than did cucumbers double-cropped with the nematode-susceptible `Heatwave' tomato in both years. The cucumber produced longer stems in 1992 and fewer culls in 1993 following resistant tomatoes. Cucumber plants raised in nematode-free soilless mix for 3 weeks before transplanting produced significantly longer stems and more plant dry weight than did direct-seeded cucumbers in 1992, but not in 1993; however, they produced significantly higher premium yield in both years, and higher total yield, more fruit per plant, and fewer culls in 1993. Preplant treatment with ethoprop significantly increased cucumber stem length, dry weight, premium and total yield, and number of fruit per plant in 1992 but not in 1993. Ethoprop treatment had no effect on the percentage of culls in either year. Chemical name used: O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate (ethoprop).

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Planting Method, Plastic Mulch, and Fumigation Influence Growth, Yield, and Root Structure of Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1410 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 1410-1414 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniel S. Egel ◽

Ray Martyn ◽

Chris Gunter

Keyword(s):

Growth Yield ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Structure ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Vine Growth ◽

Tap Root ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Planting Method

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the influence of planting method, i.e., transplanting or direct seeding, black plastic mulch, and soil fumigation on the vine growth, yield, and root structure of diploid hybrid watermelon. The experiment was a split-plot design with fumigation as the main plot and there were four replications. Methyl bromide (337 L·ha−1) was applied to the soil, which was then tarped. Black plastic mulch, 0.61 m wide × 2 mil (Visqueen 4020™) was applied to appropriate rows. Vine growth was measured during the season and yield was determined by the number and weight of fruit from each treatment. After fruit harvest, plant roots were excavated so that root structure was maintained with minimal damage and roots were photographed. Root systems were scored for tap root dominance and overall root distribution. Direct-seeded watermelon had more vine growth and higher yields in both years than transplanted watermelon. The advantage of direct seeding was likely the result of the growth and root expansion that occurred for these plants while the transplants were still in the greenhouse. Direct-seeded plants also displayed greater tap root dominance in each year than transplanted watermelon. Roots of both direct-seeded plants and transplants had a greater range in size distribution in both years under plastic mulch than those grown on bare ground. In late-planted watermelon, direct-seeded plants had more favorable vine growth and yield without the aberrant roots systems produced by transplants.

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A bioassay screening Trichoderma isolates for enhancement of root development in Impatiens walleriana cuttings

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6611 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

A.M. Clouston ◽

R.A. Hill ◽

R. Minchin ◽

M. Braithwaite ◽

A. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root Development ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Screening Experiments ◽

Commercial Mixture ◽

Ideal System ◽

Impatiens Walleriana ◽

Growth Differences

The potential of 62 Trichoderma spp isolates to enhance root development on cuttings was evaluated in a screening bioassay using the ornamental plant impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) Increased root development and consequent growth of cuttings induced by Trichoderma treatments were compared to that of a commercial rooting hormone (indole3 butryic acid) and untreated cuttings Results recorded after 3 weeks growth indicated sufficient resolution in the bioassay to detect statistical growth differences between treatments As expected treatment with IBA (positive control) enhanced root growth in root score root dry weight and root to shoot ratio parameters assessed across all three screening experiments Six individual Trichoderma isolates and a commercial mixture of isolates were also identified as significantly improving root growth with 2065 increases in the measured growth variables relative to untreated cuttings The bioassay provided an ideal system for measuring rooting response and allowed accelerated screening of Trichoderma candidates useful for enhancing root development of cuttings

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Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Yield Variation in Sesame Genotypes

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v19i1.29865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

M Akter ◽

QA Khaliq ◽

MR Islam ◽

JU Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Field ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Area Index ◽

Sesame Genotypes ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706 from March to June 2014 to evaluate growth and yield performance of sesame genotypes. Five sesame genotypes i.e. DB-6992, BD-6995, BD-7001, BD-7011 and Hathazari-4 were used in the study. The genotypes significantly differed in photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and seed yield. The earliest genotype was Hathazari-4 and the latest was BD-7011. The highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, capsule dry weight, leaf area index, light interception, photosynthetic rate were recorded in genotype Hathazari-4. The number of capsules plant-1 and the number of seeds capsule-1 were also highest in the genotype Hathazari-4, while the lowest was being noticed in the genotype BD- 7001. Weight of 1000-seed was the maximum in genotype BD-6992 and the minimum in the genotype BD- 7011. The highest seed yield (3.52 tha-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4 and the lowest in the genotypes BD-6992 followed by BD-7001. The highest oil content (41.39%) was recorded in the genotype BD-6992 and the lowest (39.72%) in the genotype Hathazari-4 but the highest oil yield (1.53 t ha-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4. It may be concluded that the sesame genotype Hathazari-4 may be cultivated for higher seed yield and oil production.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 19-28

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Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4746936 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽

Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽

Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽

Caio Soares Diniz ◽

Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Volume ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

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Effects of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer and farmyard manure on the growth and yield of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v29i1.46525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sonia Hossain ◽

Farjana Akter

Keyword(s):

Farmyard Manure ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Stem Leaf

A pot experiment was carried out to assess the comparative effects of Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer and farmyard manure on the growth and yield components of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer 5 t/ha), T2 (Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer 10 t/ha), T3 (Trichoderma- enriched biofertilizer 15 t/ha), T4 (Farmyard manure 5 t/ha), T5 (Farmyard manure 10 t/ha) and T6 (Farmyard manure 15 t/ha). The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications of each treatment. Among the different treatments T3 showed best as much as twice more effective than farmyard manure in increasing growth and yield parameters (plant height, fruit length, fresh weight and dry weight of stem, leaf and fruit) of brinjal plants. Overall, all the treatments increased macronutrients and micronutrients content and uptake by brinjal plants over control. Analysis of post-harvest soil samples also revealed that all the parameters except pH were increased due to different treatments. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 1-8, 2020 (January)

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Transplant Production Systems Influence Growth and Yield of Fresh-market Tomatoes

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.4.662 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 662-668 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniel I. Leskovar ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽

Peter J. Stoffella

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Production Systems ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Root Volume ◽

Vertical Root Distribution ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Conventional Systems

`Sunny' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) containerized transplants were grown with the standard or conventional systems (SS) and with recently developed flotation systems (FS). Standard system and FS transplants, and direct-seeding using coated seeds were evaluated in the field for root and shoot growth and yield at Parrish, Bradenton, and Naples during fall, winter, and spring plantings. Plant growth characteristics were measured weekly before, during, and after transplanting or sowing. In the Parrish and Bradenton Fall 1987 and Bradenton Spring 1988 experiments, SS transplants had greater leaf area, root volume, shoot dry weights, and shoot: root ratios than FS transplants. During early development, the FS transplants had more lateral root growth than SS transplants, but had similar total root growth and horizontal and vertical root distribution after transplanting in the field. Transplants and direct-seeded plants allocated 72% of the total root mass in the upper 0 to 10 cm of the soil. In Fall 1987, SS transplants had between 29% and 41% more fruit yield than FS transplants at Bradenton and Parrish, respectively. In the Naples Winter 1988 and Parrish and Bradenton Fall 1989 experiments, both transplant types had similar fruit yields, but more than direct-seeded plants. Transplants grown with the flotation system are recommended for use provided that seedlings are grown and maintained with minimum hardening before establishment in the field.

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Crop Establishment and Weed Control Options for Sustaining Dry Direct Seeded Rice Production in Eastern India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanjoy Saha ◽

Sushmita Munda ◽

Sudhanshu Singh ◽

Virender Kumar ◽

Hemant Kumar Jangde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Net Income ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Establishment Method ◽

Control Options ◽

Wide Scale ◽

Direct Seeded

Dry direct seeded rice (DSR) has emerged as an economically viable alternative to puddled transplanted rice to address emerging constraints of labor and water scarcity and the rising cost of cultivation. However, wide adoption of DSR is seriously constrained by weed management trade-off. Therefore, the availability of effective weed control options is critical for the success and wide-scale adoption of DSR. A field study was conducted at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India, in the dry seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the performance of three crop establishment methods and five weed control practices on weed management, productivity, profitability and energetics of dry DSR. The results demonstrated that weed density and weed dry weight was lower in drill seeding than broadcast seeding by 26–36% and manual line-seeding by 16–24%, respectively, at 30 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE). Among herbicides, post-emergence application (17 DAE) of azimsulfuron was most effective in controlling weeds compared to early post application of bispyribac-sodium and bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor. Weed competition in the weedy check treatment resulted 58% reduction in rice yield. Among establishment methods, drill-seeding was most profitable with US $ 685 ha−1 higher net income than broadcast seeding primarily due to higher yield. Among weed control treatments, azimsulfuron was most profitable resulting in US $ 160 and 736 ha−1 higher net income than weed free and weedy check, respectively. The specific energy was lowest for drill seeding among establishment method and azimsulfuron among weed control practices, suggesting lowest energy consumed in producing per unit of grain yield.

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