scholarly journals Interaction of Root Confinement and Fruiting in Peach

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmane Mandre ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
Stephen C. Myers ◽  
Ray Seversen ◽  
Jean-Luc Regnard
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Peach Trees

Fruiting and nonfruiting `Washington' peach trees were grown in 2.4 (small) or 9-liter (large) containers to determine the influence of root confinement and fruiting on vegetative growth, fruit growth and quality, CO, assimilation (A), and carbohydrate content. Shoot length, fruit diameter, A, and leaf carbohydrates were measured weekly. Thirteen weeks after transplanting, trees were divided into roots, shoots, leaves, and fruit for dry weight measurement. The dry weight of all organs except fruit was reduced by root confinement, and only the weight of stems formed the previous season was not reduced by fruiting. Fruit dry weight was 30.0 g/tree for large- and small-container treatments, causing the yield efficiency (g fruit/g total dry wt) to be 50% higher for confined trees. Fruit red color, weight, and diameter were unaffected by root confinement, but higher flesh firmness and a more green ground color of the fruit surface from root-confined trees suggested that confinement delayed maturity. Vegetative growth was not reduced by lack of nonstructural carbohydrates in confined trees. A was reduced by root confinement on only the first of 11 measurement dates, whereas fruiting increased A on 5 of 8 measurement dates before fruit harvest. Fruit removal reduced A by 23% and 31% for nonconfined and confined trees, respectively, within 48 h of harvest. Leaf starch, sucrose, sorbitol, and total carbohydrate levels were negatively correlated with A when data were pooled, but inconsistent responses of A to carbohydrate content indicated that factors other than feedback inhibition were also responsible for the reduction in A on nonfruited trees. We hypothesized that a physiological signal originating in roots of confined trees reduced vegetativegrowth without reducing fruit growth.

Photosynthesis in Relation to Growth and Distribution of Fruit in Peach Trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Chalmers ◽  
RL Canterford ◽  
PH Jerie ◽  
TR Jones ◽  
TD Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peach Trees

The rate of photosynthesis and the total daily photosynthesis of a peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] were found to be closely related to changes in carbon requirements caused by changes in the stage of fruit growth and by fruit removal at harvest. Although the light regime was superior in the topmost zone of leaves, the rate of photosynthesis was lower than in intermediate zones during the period of most rapid fruit growth. In contrast, the rate of photosynthesis in the horizontal zones of the tree was closely related to the weight of fruit per unit of leaf area in each zone. This coupling between supply and demand was also demonstrated by assimilate build up in the leaf when fruit were removed, i.e. 14C turnover was substantially reduced. During the final stage of rapid fruit growth (DW III) the growth of fruit was stimulated above and inhibited below a cincture through the phloem of the main branches, which indicated that the level of assimilate available for fruit growth was lower in the bottom of the tree. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the mean leaf density (mg dry weight/cm�) increased with increasing height in the canopy. It was concluded that the data were good evidence of a strong coupling between the supply of assimilates by the leaves and the growth requirements of the tree.

scholarly journals Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Noemi Tel-Zur ◽  
Arnon Dag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fruit Load

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a wax crop cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This crop has been described as an alternate-bearing plant, meaning that it has a high-yield year (“on-year”) followed by a low-yield year (“off-year”). We investigated the effect of fruit load on jojoba’s vegetative and reproductive development. For two consecutive years, we experimented with two high-yielding cultivars—Benzioni and Hazerim—which had opposite fruit loads, i.e., one was under an on-year load, while the other was under an off-year load simultaneously. We found that removing the developing fruit from the shoot during an off-year promotes further vegetative growth in the same year, whereas in an on-year, this action has no effect. Moreover, after fruit removal in an on-year, there was a delay in vegetative growth renewal in the consecutive year, suggesting that the beginning of the growing period is dependent on the previous year’s yield load. We found that seed development in the 2018 season started a month earlier than in the 2017 season in both cultivars, regardless of fruit load. This early development was associated with higher wax content in the seeds. Hence, the wax accumulation rate, as a percentage of dry weight, was affected by year and not by fruit load. However, on-year seeds stopped growing earlier than off-year seeds, resulting in smaller seeds and an overall lower amount of wax per seed.

The growth of young peach trees following infection by the viruses of peach rosette and decline disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Peach Trees

The vegetative growth of young peach trees was reduced greatly in the growing season following a dual infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot and prune dwarf viruses which caused the disease known as 'peach rosette and decline'. Ninety-two days after bud burst, the dry weight and leaf area of cv. Elberta scions were reduced by c. 60% as a result of infection, while the reduction in cv. Golden Queen was about 93%. The latter cultivar thus appears to be the less tolerant of infection by this virus disease.

The effect of growth temperature on dry weight and carbohydrate content of onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Creamgold) bulbs

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
BT Steer
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Onion bulbs (Allium cepa L. cv. Creamgold), grown in a phytotron from seed, had a dry weight as percentage of fresh weight that decreased as growth temperatures increased from 22/16 to 33/28�C day/night. There were no significant differences between growth temperatures in the fructose, sucrose or fructan content and, although glucose content was higher at high temperatures, there was no correlation of total carbohydrate content with growth temperature. The sum of fructose, glucose and sucrose per unit tissue water was constant between temperatures, suggesting that the mono- and disaccharide content may control the bulb water content. These results, from controlled-environment tests, predict that in the field the best yield of dry weight as a percentage of fresh weight will be obtained at low growth temperatures.

Polyol and sugar content of terrestrial plants from continental Antarctica

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Roser ◽  
D.R. Melick ◽  
H.U. Ling ◽  
R.D. Seppelt
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Prasiola Crispa ◽  
Windmill Islands ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Ethanol extractable polyols and sugars from the dominant cryptogams of the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, were characterized and quantified by gas liquid chromatography. Arabitol, ribitol and mannitol were the major low molecular weight carbohydrates extracted from all eight species of lichen analysed. Total extractable carbohydrate levels (20–60 mg g−1 dry weight) were comparable to those for temperate lichens. Extracts of four common bryophyte species were dominated by sucrose, glucose and fructose; little polyhydric alcohol was detected except in the liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora which contained a substantial proportion of mannitol. Total carbohydrate levels in the bryophytes (9–60 mg g−1 dry weight) were comparable to those in lichens. The compositions of eight species of algae varied considerably. Prasiola crispa, Desmococcus vulgaris and Schizogonium murale possessed sorbitol as their main constituent and had extractable carbohydrate contents comparable to those found in bryophytes on a dry weight or chlorophyll a content basis. The one snow alga with comparable carbohydrate levels, Mesotaenium berggrenii, contained sucrose, glucose, glycerol and a number of unidentified compounds. The remaining four species (Oscillatoria sp., Chloromonas sp.1 and Chlorosarcina sp. 2 and Chlamydomonas pseudopulsatilla) did not accumulate comparable levels of sugars and polyols. Though the levels of these compounds were much lower in the Windmill Islands lichens than in maritime Antarctic species, their content with respect to water content (0.7–7 molal) was well above that at which cold acclimated plants accumulate these compounds (c. 100–500 millimolal), and which provide cryoprotection in vitro. In the case of the bryophytes and algae, however, the in vivo content was generally < 100 millimolal.

Effects of Fruiting, Defoliation and Ring-Barking on the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter in Branches of Coffea Arabica L. in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

SUMMARYWhole branches were removed from trees in the field, at regular intervals, to follow the increase in dry weight of fruits and new vegetative growth. Information on the partition of carbohydrates was gained by comparing the growth of untreated, defoliated, de-blossomed and ring-barked branches. Untreated branches increased in weight rapidly when their fruits began to expand, probably because they imported carbohydrates, and their net photosynthetic capacity increased. More young fruits were shed from defoliated than from untreated branches, thus partially compensating for loss of leaf. Non-fruiting, and sometimes fruiting, branches exported a considerable amount of assimilate during the dry seasons, when the trunk-root system was a relatively important dry matter sink. When there were many fruitless branches on fruiting trees, the fruiting branches imported carbohydrates from them during the whole period of fruit growth, whereas fruitless branches imported carbohydrates only when there was a ‘flush’ of shoot growth.

scholarly journals Isolation, Screening and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
I. G. Nwosu ◽  
G. O. Abu ◽  
K. O. Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Exopolysaccharides(EPSs) are essential metabolites synthesized and excreted by certain microorganisms in response to extreme condition of pH, temperature, salinity, osmotic stress and other contaminants for survival in such adverse environment. The present study focuses on isolation of exopolysaccharide producing bacteria from extreme environment of oil polluted soil of Ogoni land and marine water of Bonny Island. Screening of EPS producing abilities of the selected isolates were estimated using two approaches viz gravimetric analysis of EPS dry weight and quantification assay for total carbohydrate content by phenol sulphuric acid method. Result revealed that a total of forty (40) different colonies were suspected to produce exopolysaccharide after preliminary screening by selecting thick ropy-like colony formers on agar medium. Secondary screening indicated that twelve (12) isolates produced precipitates above 1000mg/l of total dry weight and eight (8) isolates produced highest EPS yield above 1000mg/l of culture media with carbohydrate content determination. Five isolates with the code WAS1, WAS11, SC6, SOS7 and SOS10 produced significantly higher EPS compared to other bacterial colonies isolated and were termed as most potent EPS producers. These isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence as Providencia stuarti, Escherichia coli, Shewanella chilikensis and Bacillus nealsonii. The result of the present study indicated that these strains have the potentials of producing high exopolysaccharides and can be explored in biotechnological industries.

scholarly journals Apple Fruit Removal and Limb Girdling Affect Fruit and Leaf Characteristics

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Schechter ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor ◽  
D.C. Elfving
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Mature Apple

Mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in 1989 and 1990 to explore the effect of crop load on fruit dry weight (DW), dry-matter concentration (DMC), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf C exchange, using girdled (G) and nongirdled (NG) limbs. Fruit DW and DMC decreased with heavier fruit loads. Fruit on G limbs had higher fruit DW and DMC than on NG limbs. SLA on NG limbs was unaffected by crop load, but increased dramatically on G limbs with a crop load of less than one fruit per square centimeter limb cross-sectional area. These leaves also had a low photosynthetic rate, high stomatal resistance, and high internal CO2 concentration. The results do not support the concept of feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and demonstrate specific circumstances in which the capacity of sinks to use assimilates was saturated. Exceeding this limit by significantly reducing sink strength resulted in excessive carbohydrate accumulation in leaves. Nutrient levels in leaves on G, nonfruiting limbs were generally lower than for the other treatments.

scholarly journals Differences in water relations and total carbohydrate content between precommercially thinned and unthinned Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana stands

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Ayşe Deligöz ◽  
Esra Bayar ◽  
Musa Genç ◽  
Yasin Karatepe
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Relative Water

Variations in seasonal responses in water relations and total carbohydrate content (TCC) in one-yearold shoots from precommercially thinned (PCT) and unthinned Anatolian black pine stands were assessed during three seasons (sampling in May, July and September) in 2015–2017. Three different treatments were established: unthinned control with 4 941 stems·ha–1 and two thinned spacing levels (2–2.5 and 3–3.5 m) where 2 133 stems·ha<sup>–1</sup> and 1 093 stems·ha<sup>–1</sup> were left, respectively. Differences in osmotic potential at turgor loss point (Ψπ<sub>TLP</sub>) between the thinned and unthinned plots appeared only during a water shortage (September) in the second season, with the thinned stands showing lower Ψπ<sub>TLP</sub> than the unthinned stands. Seasonal variation in terms of Ψπ<sub>TLP</sub> was detected in the 3–3.5 m spacing trees. PCT were effective on osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ<sub>100</sub>), relative water content (RWC), symplastic water at saturated point per dry weight of the shoot and dry weight fraction. In both the thinned and unthinned plots, a gradual decline was observed in RWC from May to September in all three years. Generally, although TCC was found to be higher in the 3–3.5 m spacing, control plots were also high in carbohydrates in some periods. Results reflect the ability of this species to survive in changing environments by PCT during dry periods in the three studied seasons. Although PCT has an effect on water potential components and TCC, it is not clear exactly how effective the PCT density is in osmotic adjustment.

scholarly journals Fruit growth and proximate composition of deshi (Diospyros peregrina) and bilati gab (D. discolor)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
MM Hasan ◽  
MSA Fakir ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
S Naznin
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Total Carbohydrate

Fruit (berry) growth, maturity and nutritional composition of deshi (Diospyros peregrina Gurke) and bilati Gab (D. discolor Gurke) were investigated at the Botanical Garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (24o26' and 24054' N and 90015' and 90030' E) between April and August, 2011. Flowers were tagged at first opening (days after flowering, DAF) and fruit growth was investigated up to maturity. Fruit size (length and diameter), individual fruit weight, AGR and proximate composition of matured fruits were investigated. Morphological and growth parameters were recorded at 7-days interval up to 63 DAF in deshi and 85 DAF in bilati gab. All the morphological characters of fruits were gradually increased with increasing DAF and followed sigmoid pattern. The length and diameter of the berry became 5.80 and 4.61 cm, respectively at 63 DAF in deshi gab, and 9.13 and 7.62 cm, respectively at 85 DAF in bilati gab. The fresh and dry weights of berries were also maximum at 63 DAF in deshi and at 85 DAF in bilati gab. The maximum dry weight of seed i.e. PM in deshi gab attained at 56 DAF and that of bilati gab at 83 DAF. The proximate composition of matured berries of deshi and bilati gab at PM showed little variation between the species and hence, average crude protein, crude fat, ash and total carbohydrate was 5.35, 1.08, 3.74 and 67.47%, respectively. It might be concluded that harvest maturity attained around two months after flowering in deshi gab with yellowish green colour on fruit coat and three months from flowering in bilati gab when fruits turn into deep red colour with average fruit fresh weight of 60 g and 220 g, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 261-266, December 2014

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document