Combinations of Ethephon and Accel for Thinning `Delicious' Apple Trees

For 4 years, `Redchief Delicious' apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] trees were treated with ethephon and/or Accel (6-BA + Gibberellins 4+7) when average fruit diameter was 5.0 to 11.4 mm. Effective thinning was obtained with ethephon at concentrations >500 mg·L-1 and with Accel at concentrations of 100 to 125 mg·L-1. In only 1 year out of 4 did combinations of Accel plus ethephon reduce fruit set more than either material applied alone. Repeat applications of either material alone or in combination reduced fruit set no more than single applications. Fruit weight was negatively related to the number of fruit per tree. After adjusting fruit weight for number of fruit per tree at harvest with analysis of covariance, ethephon did not improve fruit weight at harvest, but Accel improved fruit weight in two of three experiments. The effect of combinations of Accel and ethephon on fruit weight was inconsistent. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon); polyothyethylleneploypropanol dihydroxy-propane 2, butoxyethanol (Regulaid); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine plus giberrellins A4 + A7 (Accel).

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184 Timing of Benzyladenine Application as a Chemical Thinner of `Empire' Apple

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.455d ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 455d-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. E. Emongor ◽

D. P. Murr

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Seed Number ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Effective Time ◽

Fruit Diameter

Benzyladenine (100 or 200 mg.litre-1) was applied to mature Empire/M.26 apple trees as dilute sprays 2, 4, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 25, 27, 29 or 31 days after full bloom (DAFB). The most effective time of thinning was 25-29 DAFB (king fruit diameter 8.94-13.91 mm), and the thinning response to BA concentration was linear. Benzyladenine (BA) did not reduce fruit set when king fruit diameter was less than 5.35 mm, but BA significantly increased fruit weight, diameter (D), length (L) and L:D ratio compared to unsprayed controls and later BA treatments. BA - treated fruitlets had higher ethylene production, 24 hours and 7 days after spraying compared to untreated controls. We suggest that the response of apple fruitlets to BA applied as a thinner is mediated by ethylene. High fruit quality was obtained when BA was applied at 17-31 DAFB. Timing of BA sprays had no effect on seed number, though BA significantly increased seed number, fruit size, weight and L:D ratio. These results suggest that BA has the potential to substitute for the use of carbaryl as a thinner of apples in Ontario orchards.

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Fruit set and yield of apple trees cv. Gala treated with seaweed extract of ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452019072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽

Anelise Marques de Sousa ◽

Thayna Viencz ◽

Renato Vasconcelos Botelho

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Seaweed Extract ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Amazonas State

Abstract The low effective fruiting is one of the biggest problems of apples’ production in Brazil and its main cause involves the process of pollination. The objective was to evaluate the fruit set and production of apple trees cv. Gala treated with extract of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and thidiazuron. The experiment was carried out during two cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) in Porto Amazonas, State of Paraná, Brazil, with apple trees cv. Gala. The following treatments were applied at full bloom: thidiazuron at 10 and 15 mg L-1, Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (Algamare®) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6%. No treated plants were used as control. It was evaluated: fruit set, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield per plant, number of seeds per fruit, length and diameter of fruit, length/diameter ratio (L/D), titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness and growth of shoots. The algae extract presented similar effects of thidiazuron in apple trees, promoting, in at least one of the cycles, the increase in fruit set, number of fruits, weight and length of fruits without changing their maturation. The application of Algamare® at 0.3% was the most effective treatment for yield improvement in ‘Gala’ apples.

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EFFECT OF ROOT PRUNING AND CHEMICAL THINNING ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF `McINTOSH' APPLE TREES.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1153b ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1153b-1153

Author(s):

James R. Schupp ◽

Highmoor Farm

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Pruning ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Fruit Diameter

Mature `McIntosh'/MM.111 apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) trees were treated to evaluate the response of root pruned trees to chemical thinning and to determine if reducing the crop load increased fruit size on root pruned trees. The trees were root pruned at full bloom in 1988 and 1989, by cutting on both sides of the row 1m from the trunk and 30cm deep. Water, 600mg/liter carbaryl, 5mg/liter napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or NAA plus carbaryl were applied when fruit diameter was approximately 10mm. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) was increased by thinning treatments in 1988, but root pruning had no effect. In 1989, root pruning reduced TCSA increment by 35%. Shoot length was reduced by root pruning both years. All treatments reduced percent fruit set in 1989, however root pruned trees and trees treated with NAA had the highest fruit numbers at harvest. Preharvest fruit drop was reduced by root pruning in both 1988 and 1989. Root pruning had no influence on the response of apple trees to chemical thinning. Removing a portion of the crop with chemical thinners was partially successful in counteracting the reduction in fruit size caused by root pruning.

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Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Bottle Gourd Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Characters for Yield and Yield Associated Traits

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i630422 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Muzeev Ahmad ◽

Bijendra Singh ◽

Khursheed Alam ◽

Satya Prakash ◽

Archi Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Bottle Gourd ◽

Research Centre ◽

Phenotypic Characters ◽

Clustering Pattern ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

Fruit Diameter

The experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2018 at Horticulture Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology; Modipuram, Meerut (U.P.) assess the genetic diversity among fifteen genotypes of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]. The genetic diversity analysis according to that the formation of five clusters suggesting the presence of wide genetic diversity. The clustering pattern showed that geographical diversity wasn't related to genetic diversity. The analysis of % contribution of assorted characters toward the expression of total genetic divergence showed that the Days to 50% flowering (14.48%) followed Days of fruit set (12.95%), Vine length (m) (11.67%), Number of fruits per plant (10.93%), Number of the primary branches (10.37%), Days to first fruit harvest (10.16%), Average fruit weight (g) (9.44%), Fruit diameter (cm) (6.63%) contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on the maximum genetic distance. It is advisable to attempt a crossing of the genotype from cluster II (GP-7) with the genotype of cluster I (GP-5), cluster IV (GP-2) and cluster III (GP-1), which may cause to the generation of a broad spectrum of favorable genetic variability for yield improvement in bottle gourd.

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Tergitol as a possible thinning agent for peach cv. Redhaven

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/22/2014-hortsci ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Ambrožič Turk ◽

N. Fajt ◽

M. Stopar

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Size Class ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽

South West ◽

Peach Trees ◽

Thinning Effect ◽

Fruit Diameter

The effect of different blossom thinners ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) (1%, 2%), Armothin (1.5%), Tergitol-TMN-6 (0.5%, 1%), applied on peach cv. Redhaven at 50–60% full bloom was evaluated in thinning experiments in south-west Slovenia. The photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron (0.05%) applied at 8 mm fruit diameter was evaluated as fruitlet thinner as well. Application of 2% ATS resulted in excessive thinning. The thinning effect of 1% ATS was also too strong in two out of three thinning experiments. The use of 0.05% metamitron did not cause any thinning effect on peach trees and gave similar results as the non-treated control. The effective fruit set reduction and increase of average fruit weight was achieved with 0.5% and 1% Tergitol application. In three-year experiment both Tergitol applications reduced fruit set toward hand thinned level, but the share of fruit from bigger size class was only once enhanced to the level of hand thinned trees. No sign of phytotoxicity was noticed on fruits in all thinner application treatments.  

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EFFECT OF THIDIAZURON CONCENTRATION AND APPLICATION PERIOD ON ‘ROYAL GALA’ APPLE FRUITING AND PRODUCTION

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452017097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

EVERLAN FAGUNDES ◽

JOSÉ LUIZ PETRI ◽

LUIZ CARLOS ARGENTA ◽

FERNANDO JOSÉ HAWERROTH ◽

MARCELO COUTO

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Return Bloom

ABSTRACT ‘Gala’ apple trees have low fruit set in restrictive pollination situations, being an obstacle to the achievement of high production rates in orchards in southern Brazil, which can be minimized by the use of growth regulators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thidiazuron concentrations in ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruiting and production, grown in mild winter conditions. The experiment was conducted during the 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop years in Fraiburgo, SC, on ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees in Marubakaido rootstock M9 with filter. In all evaluation cycles, the experimental design was a randomized block with factorial arrangement (6x2) with six TDZ concentrations and two application forms, with six replicates, and the experimental unit consisting of one plant. The TDZ concentrations of each treatment were applied split into two seasons. The first application was performed on pink bud stage (E2) and the second application was in full bloom stage (F2). The variables evaluated were: fruit set (%), return bloom (%), number and weight of fruits per plant, mean fruit weight (g) and average number of seeds per fruit. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which for significant variables by the F test, analysis of contrast and polynomial regression were performed in order to evaluate the response of variables with increasing TDZ concentration. TDZ is effective even at low concentrations, increasing the production and fruit set of ‘Gala’ apples in the climatic conditions of southern Brazil.

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EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR INDUCTION OF PARTHENOCARPIC FRUIT IN KAKROL (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. N. Chowdhury ◽

M. G. Rasul ◽

A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽

M. A. K. Mian ◽

J. U. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽

Three Stages ◽

Fruit Diameter

An experiment was conducted to find out the suitable plant growth regulator(s) for inducing parthenocarpic fruit in kakrol (Momordica dioicia Roxb). Four plant growth regulators, viz. NAA and 2, 4-D (Auxins), Fulmet (Cytokinine) and GA3 (Gibberellic acid) were sprayed at three stages (a day before anthesis, at anthesis, a day after anthesis). Out of four growth regulators 2, 4-D and fulmet induced parthenocarpic fruit development. Fruit set percent, final fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter varied significantly with different treatment combinations. 2, 4-D at 50 ppm when applied at anthesis showed better performance in inducing parthenocarpy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17030

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Genetic Analysis and Character Association in Jamir (Citrus jambhiri) Accessions of Bangladesh by Using Morphological Traits

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16843 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

S Akhter ◽

JM Ferdous ◽

MR Hossain ◽

G Rabbani

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Positive Association ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Segment Length ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Spine Length ◽

Minimum Number ◽

East West ◽

Fruit Diameter

An experiment was carried out to study the morphological variability, characters association, correlation and path coefficient analysis of 14 Jamir accessions during the period from January 2007 to March 2008. Significant variations were observed for all the plant characters studied. The accession CJ09 was characterized with the maximum plant height (6.20m), spreading of branch (north-south 4.90 m and east-west 4.87m), base girth (58cm), plant growth (102.76m3), tree volume (24.64m3) and segment length (9.70). The accession CJ15 showed maximum spine length (25.33mm), CJ05 was characterized with high lamina area (14.94cm3). The accession CJ12 showed the highest % fruit set (36.67%). The highest fruit weight (1753.33g), fruit diameter (46cm), rind thickness (2.73cm) was observed in CJ11. The accession CJ09 was characterized with maximum number of segment (15.33) and pulp weight (746.67). Maximum TSS (12.20%) was found in CJ12. The accession CJ09 was characterized with minimum number of seeds (14). Correlation coefficient study indicated that fruit diameter, rind thickness, length of segment and number of segment had positive and highly significant phenotypic association with fruit weight and also genotypic positive association. Percent Fruit set had negative genotypic and phenotypic association with fruit weight. In respect of path analysis, fruit diameter, rind thickness, number of segment, length of segment contributed to maximum phenotypic and genotypic direct effects on fruit weight indicating their importance as selection parameters.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16843 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 17 26, 2009

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Correlative relation of yield and fruit quality with some phenological phases in peach

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0503199r ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 199-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Rakonjac

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ripening Time

Ripening time of peach cultivars that are grown up in our country is extended over a time period of almost four months. In addition to that, one of more important objectives of the peach breeding is creation of the cultivars having either very early or very late ripening time. Our so far experience is that the peach cultivars which ripening time is in the extremes is of lower fruit quality. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine relationship and the nature of the dependence between flowering time or ripening time from one side and yield, yield components (initial and final fruit set, fruit weight and stone weight) and chemical composition of fruit (content of total dry matter, content of soluble solids, content of total, invert and reduced sugar and content of total acid) on the other side. Twenty peach cultivars each having a different ripening time were using as material. The relationship between characteristics was determined on the basis of values of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients. Genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation were calculated based on the results of monofactorial analysis of covariance where the years considered as replications. It was confirmed that flowering time was positive genetic and phenotypic correlated with initial fruit set and with final fruit set. The existence of significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between ripening time and fruit weight, between ripening time and dry matter content and between ripening time and soluble solid content represented difficulty in creation of new peach cultivars of early ripening time and improved fruit quality .

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Effect of Bridge Grafting the M9 Self-rooted Rootstock in Trunk-wounded Apple Trees on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13122-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 937-945

Author(s):

Chenping Zhou ◽

Ruiting Chen ◽

Yaqiang Sun ◽

He Wang ◽

Yi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Tree Height ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Apple Trees

Bridge grafting is widely applied in trunk-wounded apple trees. In this study, we carried out semigirdling and ring girdling on the trunk of ‘Nagafu 2’/Malus baccata (L.) Borkh apple trees to simulate trunk injury. We then bridge grafted a M9 self-rooted rootstock on the injured trunks to study the effects of bridge grafting on flowering, fruit-set, tree vigor, and fruit characteristics in ‘Nagafu 2’ apple. The results showed that both semigirdling and ring girdling due to the large wounded area caused significant decrease in flowering, fruit-set, and tree vigor (estimated by measuring leaf area, leaf gas exchange, tree height, and shoot growth); in addition, ring girdling increased flesh and peel firmness. However, bridge grafting of M9 self-rooted rootstock on semigirdling and girdling apple trees resulted in partial recovery of tree vigor (leaf area and photosynthesis) and maintaining the reduction of vegetative growth, thereby increasing flowering, fruit-set, yield, fruit weight, and peel firmness.

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