scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF PESANTREN LEADERSHIP FROM THE DUTCH ETHICAL POLICY TO THE REFORMATION PERIODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 365-400
Author(s):  
Auliya Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Historical Periods

In its early periods, pesantren as a type of Islamic educational institution focused merely on religious teachings. Socio-political pressures and the need to carry out Islamic outreach have pushed kiai as pesantren leaders to negotiate their idealism according to the circumstances in different historical periods. Historical accounts from the Dutch colonial period to Indonesian independence show that kiai leadership becomes the decisive factor as well as the legitimation for pesantren to take certain actions during precarious situations. To examine the institutional development of pesantren in the post-reformation era, a recent ethnographic fieldwork has been carried out in three pesantren in Madura, Java, and Lombok. This paper discusses the development and transformation of pesantren as an institution from the Dutch Ethical Policy Period until today. It demonstrates pesantren’s involvement in anti-Western campaigns and trials of affiliation with oppositions in the colonial period. This paper shows how Islamic virtues remain the heart of pesantren education and examines how innovation in contemporary pesantren regarding pedagogies and values translated in seemingly non-religious areas is substantially based on religious values.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI KURIKULUM PESANTREN DAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
National Education ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Education Policy

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Sebagai<strong> </strong>lembaga pendidikan Islam asli Indonesia, pondok pesantren sudah menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam menjaga eksistensi diri. Sejak zaman sebelum merdeka sampai orde reformasi, pesantren semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia, terutama terkait pendidikan. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, pesantren memiliki unsur kyai, santri, pondok, masjid, metode pembalajaran dan kitab kuning. Variasi pondok pesantren menjadi salafiyah dan khalafiyah. Namun keduanya tetap memakai ketiga metode pembelajaran, yaitu sorogan, bandongan dan wetonan. Kurikulum pesantren merupakan alat untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, sekaligus sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan yang mencerminkan pandangan hidup bangsa. Lingkungan kebijakan pendidikan adalah ruang lingkup yang berada pada lingkungan dari sistem pendidikan tersebut, baik terpusat maupun bersifat lokal. Masalah dan agenda kebijakan pendidikan terdiri dari isu-isu yang sedang dibahas serius dalam hubungan domain kebijakan di bidang pendidikan. Sistem dan prosedur perumusan kebijakan pendidikan meliputi fungsi alokasi, fungsi inquiri dan fungsi komunikasi. Kajian metodologi dalam kebijakan pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pembahasan mengenai subtansi pendidikan itu sendiri. Pondok pesantren –meskipun merupakan model pendidikan asli pribumi- namun dalam dinamikanya selalu tidak dapat lepas dari kebijakan pendidikan secara nasional.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>As a native Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, Pesantren has showed its success in preserving its existentialism. From the colonial period to the reformation period, Pesantren is getting more recognition in Indonesian legal system, particularly in the act of national education. As an Islamic educational institution, Pesantren has several element in its body, such as the kyai (the orthodox teacher), santri (the disciples), pondok, (the dorms), mosque, teaching methods, and kitab kuning (the yellow scriptures). The Pesantren has the salafiyah and khalafiyah as the variants. However, both of them implement the same teaching methods such as sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan. The Pesantren curriculum is a way of achieving educational goals and a direction of education with nation philosophies. The educational policy area in the Pesantren education exists both in national and local level. Issues and policy of education consist of actual problems in educational policy domain. The system and procedure of educational policy making involves several functions, such as allocation, inquiry, and communication. Methodological discourse in educational policy cannot be separated from the discourse of education itself. Pesantren –despite as a native educational system- cannot be separated from the dynamics of national education policy.</p>

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI KURIKULUM PESANTREN DAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
National Education ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Education Policy

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Sebagai<strong> </strong>lembaga pendidikan Islam asli Indonesia, pondok pesantren sudah menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam menjaga eksistensi diri. Sejak zaman sebelum merdeka sampai orde reformasi, pesantren semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia, terutama terkait pendidikan. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, pesantren memiliki unsur kyai, santri, pondok, masjid, metode pembalajaran dan kitab kuning. Variasi pondok pesantren menjadi salafiyah dan khalafiyah. Namun keduanya tetap memakai ketiga metode pembelajaran, yaitu sorogan, bandongan dan wetonan. Kurikulum pesantren merupakan alat untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, sekaligus sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan yang mencerminkan pandangan hidup bangsa. Lingkungan kebijakan pendidikan adalah ruang lingkup yang berada pada lingkungan dari sistem pendidikan tersebut, baik terpusat maupun bersifat lokal. Masalah dan agenda kebijakan pendidikan terdiri dari isu-isu yang sedang dibahas serius dalam hubungan domain kebijakan di bidang pendidikan. Sistem dan prosedur perumusan kebijakan pendidikan meliputi fungsi alokasi, fungsi inquiri dan fungsi komunikasi. Kajian metodologi dalam kebijakan pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pembahasan mengenai subtansi pendidikan itu sendiri. Pondok pesantren –meskipun merupakan model pendidikan asli pribumi- namun dalam dinamikanya selalu tidak dapat lepas dari kebijakan pendidikan secara nasional.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>As a native Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, Pesantren has showed its success in preserving its existentialism. From the colonial period to the reformation period, Pesantren is getting more recognition in Indonesian legal system, particularly in the act of national education. As an Islamic educational institution, Pesantren has several element in its body, such as the kyai (the orthodox teacher), santri (the disciples), pondok, (the dorms), mosque, teaching methods, and kitab kuning (the yellow scriptures). The Pesantren has the salafiyah and khalafiyah as the variants. However, both of them implement the same teaching methods such as sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan. The Pesantren curriculum is a way of achieving educational goals and a direction of education with nation philosophies. The educational policy area in the Pesantren education exists both in national and local level. Issues and policy of education consist of actual problems in educational policy domain. The system and procedure of educational policy making involves several functions, such as allocation, inquiry, and communication. Methodological discourse in educational policy cannot be separated from the discourse of education itself. Pesantren –despite as a native educational system- cannot be separated from the dynamics of national education policy.</p>

scholarly journals Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Lingkungan Satuan Pendidikan dan Peranan Keluarga Sebagai Upaya Non-Penal Dalam Pencegahan

JURNAL BELO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Jetty Martje Patty
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT    ROLE OF THE FAMILY AS A NON PENAL EFFORT IN PREVENTING  ACTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINTS CHILDREN IN THE EDUCATION UNIT ENVIRONMENT                 Schools are required to be anti violence zones, which provides a safe comfortable and enjoyable learning environment. Legal protection made by the government has not provided protection for children from violence that occurs in schools. So that there needs to be other efforts beyond legal measures that can prevent acts of violence against children in school. Non penal efforts through the role of the family.a as the first educational institution in society that plays a role in educating children to shape the character of children. Character education in the family will produce anti violence behavior in children themselves will distance themselves from behavior u violence, because children are equipped with loving behavior, tenderness, religious values, empathy in children.    

scholarly journals Notes on the Study of Political Parties in the Third World

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 659-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Theoretical Conception ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Historical Accounts

The research on political parties in developing nations is difficult to aggregate and to place in a comparative context. The reasons are many. The body of work is at best modest in size as well as uneven in focus, theoretical conception and empirical execution. Often comparative or more generalizable indicators and conclusions must be extracted from studies intended to clarify social developments over broad periods of time or, alternatively, within carefully set historical boundaries (the colonial; the transition from the colonial period to independence; post-independence developments; political conditions under specific national leaders, as examples). The efforts are broad stroke, primarily descriptive and usually interwoven with historical accounts and explanations of the social, economic and cultural factors that condition the life of a country. The range appears to run from megatheories-or, more accurately, broadly generalized interpretative sets of categorizations and conclusions applied to a region or a collection of countries (the research itself is seldom theoretically focused), supported by interpretative essays and expert, professionalized observation and background knowledge-to case studies of differing degrees of elaborateness. There is little in between.

scholarly journals The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wildan Sena Utama
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN DI ERA PEMERINTAHAN JOKO WIDODO DAN JUSUF KALLA (PERSPEKTIF POLITIK HUKUM DAN AGRARIA)

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
NI LUH ARININGSIH SARI ◽  
I WAYAN SUWANDA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Agrarian Law

   The political development of agrarian law in Indonesia is inseparable from the policies of the ruling government in each period of government. The period of development can be divided into 4 {four} periods, namely the colonial period, the Soekarno administration, the Soeharto era and the Reformation period. After the reformation, several presidential changes, namely Habibie, Gusdur, Megawati and Susilo Bambang Yudoyono, policies on the regulation of natural resources and resources are not clearly seen as the implementation of TAP MPR No. IX / 2001. Discourse related to changes in diagrammatic arrangements has been discussed but not implemented optimally. At present the Indonesian government is being led by President Joko Widodo trying to implement changes to the political law of diagramming in Indonesia

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG DINAMIKA HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismed Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government

<p>Abstrak: Dinamika Hubungan Industrial di Indonesia mengalami sejarah yang cukup panjang sejak dari masa Kolonialisme sampai pada era Reformasi. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan pola hubungan ideologi kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh dua kutub paham Liberalisme dan Komunisme dan dilanjutkan oleh paham ekstrimitas sistem ekonomi Kapitalisme dan Sosialisme vis-à-vis sistem Islam. Penulis menyatakan bahwa walaupun peraturan perundang-undangan bidang ketenagakerjaan telah tersedia, namun per- selisihan atau disharmoni hubungan antara buruh dan pengusaha masih saja terjadi. Secara substansial peraturan perundangan masih memiliki masalah yang terbukti dari fakta empiris ketidakmampuan pemerintah menangani permasalahan perburuhan dengan baik. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa konsep Islam menjadi alternatif dalam hubungan industrial dengan menekankan prinsip kesetaraan dan keadilan sehingga terbebas dari kesewenang-wenangan dan eksploitasi model Kapitalisme dan kediktatoran model Komunisme.</p><p><br />Abstract: Islamic Law Perspective of the Dynamic of Industrial Relation in Indonesia. The dynamic of industrial relation in Indonesia has undergone very long history since Colonial period to the Reformation era. This essay tries to elucidate relation pattern of labor ideology which seem to be influenced by Liberalism and Communism followed by two extreme economic ideologies vis-à-vis Islamic system. The author asserts that although regulations pertaining to labor have been made available, disputes and disharmony between workers and company or employer still occur repeatedly. Substantially, the regulations encompass delicate problems which are evident form the fact that the government is incapable of handling labor problem efficiently. The author concludes that Islamic concept should become an alternative in dealing with industrial relation which emphasizing equality and just principles and thus it is free from authoritarianism and expoloistation of Capitalistic models as well as from dictatorship of Communism ideology.</p><p><br />Kata Kunci: hubungan industrial, Kapitalisme, Komunisme, hukum Islam, Indonesia</p>

Religion and the Spread of Human Capital and Political Institutions

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Woodberry
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Capital Development

Although often ignored, religion has profoundly shaped political and economic conditions around the world. This claim is suggested by three historical divergences: a divergence between Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim regions of Europe (these differences emerged after the Reformation and began to dissipate only after World War II); a divergence between Protestant and Catholic settler colonies in Oceania and the Americas; and a divergence between the impacts of Protestant and Catholic missionaries on societies throughout the global South prior to Vatican II (which ended in 1965). This article discusses religion and the spread of human capital and political institutions, focusing on Christian missions as a quasi-natural experiment. It argues that both in Europe and in the global South, Protestants shaped human capital development (mass education and mass printing) and institutional development (civil society, colonial rule of law, and market economics)—especially prior to the 1960s. Together, these shaped elites' incentives and thus long-term prospects for economic development and political democracy.

‘This is Our land’

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
White Race ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
Land Question

This study seeks to trace the role of race in the evolution of the land question in Zimbabwe from Occupation to the ‘fast-track land reform programme’ of 2000 and beyond to explore the extent to which the era of colonial domination made the racialization of the land issue in the post-colonial period almost unavoidable. It contends that Mugabe’s use of race to justify the campaign to drive whites from the land from 2000 onwards was facilitated (in part) by the fact that race had always been used by the colonial authorities as a decisive factor in land acquisition and allocation throughout the colonial period and that using the alleged superiority of the white race, colonial authorities alienated African land for themselves without either negotiating with the indigenous authorities or paying for the land. Consequently, Mugabe’s charge that the land had been stolen and needed to be retaken clearly resonated with some segments of the Zimbabwean population enough to get them to actively participate in the land invasions of the time.

A Not-yet-postcolonial Peninsula: Rewriting Spaces of Violence, Division and Diaspora

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Jini Kim Watson
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Historical Accounts

In his controversial 2001 novel,The Guest(Sonnim), Hwang Sok-yong tells the story of elderly Korean American Ryu Yosŏp, who embarks on a journey back to his childhood home in Hwanghae province, now North Korea. At once a spatial, temporal, and psychological return, the novel revisits the early years of the Korean War to unveil the truth behind one of the war’s most horrific crimes: the slaughter of 35,000 Korean civilians in the Shinch’on massacre of 1950. In particular, Hwang examines the arrival of the two “guests” of the title—Christianity and Marxism—during the colonial period and their subsequent role in the violence of Shinch’on. By making visible forms of political agency achieved through the assimilation of these two guests, the novel complicates the ideological binaries that appear to have arrested decolonization of the Korean peninsula. Watson’s article reveals how Hwang’s experimental, multivocal narrative structure rewrites usual historical accounts of the Korean War and division by attending to the spatialized production of regions, nation, state, and diaspora. It offers a rethinking of the congealed ideologies, stories, desires, and topologies of this not-yet-postcolonial peninsular.

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