Effects of Radiotherapy on Ehrlich’s Ascetic Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice: An Experimental Study

Background: Experimental tumors have great importance in modeling, and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) is one of the most common tumors. EAC is referred to as an undifferentiated carcinoma and is originally hyperdiploid, has high transplantable capability, no-regression, rapid proliferation, shorter life span, 100% malignancy, and also does not have tumor-specific transplantation antigen. The current concepts that radiotherapy alone or with cancer chemotherapy is administered at a dose to the maximum a patient can tolerate before the onset of severe and even life-threatening toxicity is still in wide clinical use. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of radiotherapy in the treatment of EAC. Materials and Methods: A mouse bearing the tumor strain was taken from our laboratory in the Department of Pathology, IPGMER, Kolkata, where the strain was being maintained serially by inoculation of malignant cells into healthy mice every 8–10 days. In our work, altogether 25 mice were taken for each set of experimental work. They were divided in four groups of 5–10 mice in each group. The various parameters to assess the response of various therapeutic schedules were regression of tumor by decrease in body weight of mice and decrease in abdominal girth; cell count of ascetic fluid and morphological changes of tumor cells after treatment with drugs and to study the percentage viability of the cells. Results: All the mice in Group I gained weight steadily. Mice of Group II were unaffected by single dose whole body radiation and they behaved as mice of Group I. All mice of Group III died within 20–25 days. Conclusion: Cell changes were observed but not as marked. Cell viability was as high as 65% after treatment as compared to tumor control which showed a viability of about 75%.

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Morphological signs of the effectiveness of application sorbent in the treatment of purulent wounds (experimental study)

Morphologia ◽

10.26641/1997-9665.2020.4.7-15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

O. O. Bilyayeva ◽

O. O. Dyadyk ◽

V. I. Zaritsʹka ◽

Ye. Ye. Kryzhevskyi

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Main Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Purulent Wounds ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

New Generation ◽

Connective Tissue Repair

Objective. To prove experimentally the effectiveness of a new generation of application sorbent by studying the morphological changes during the wound process. Methods. Depending on the drug used to treat purulent wounds, we divided the animals into three groups. In the main group (group I) the study was performed on 20 rats, they used an application sorbent, which includes aerosil with immobilization on its matrix ornidazole (Patent of Ukraine for utility model № 115228). The comparison group (group II) consisted of 10 rats, which used the known sorbent "Gentaxan", which includes: gentamicin sulfate, L-tryptophan and zinc sulfate. The comparison group (group III) was 10 rats. In this group for the treatment of purulent wounds used 10% sodium chloride solution, followed by a transition to ointment "Levomekol", which includes chloramphenicol and methyluracil. Results. The results of the study show that in the main group already on the seventh day in comparison with the comparison groups was found granulation tissue with a large number of newly formed vessels of the microcirculatory tract and pronounced proliferation of fibroblasts, indicating acceleration of wound healing. In the comparison groups, the regeneration process was slower. Conclusion. Pathomorphological examination revealed that drugs with sorption properties contribute to a faster reduction of edema and inflammation, and treatment with application sorbent used in the main group, significantly accelerates the processes of connective tissue repair and wound epithelization, ie accelerates wound healing processes with comparison groups.

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Effects of Edentulism on Mandibular Morphology: Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/254932 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rıdvan Okşayan ◽

Bayram Asarkaya ◽

Nizamettin Palta ◽

İrfan Şimşek ◽

Oral Sökücü ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Loss ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Notch Depth ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Group Iii ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ramus Height

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of the mandible in edentulous and dentate subjects using panoramic radiographs.Materials and Methods. Panoramic radiographs were divided into the following three groups: Group I (completely edentulous group), Group II (old dentate group) and Group III (young dentate group). The research parameters of gonial angle, condylar height, ramus height, ramus notch depth, and antegonial notch depth were measured on panoramic radiographs. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to determine significant differences in mandibular morphological parameters among the three groups. The Mann-WhitneyUtest was used to compare the subgroups.Results. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between three groups. According to the Mann-WhitneyUtest, a significant difference was exhibited among Groups I and II in the ramus height parameter. No significant differences were found in the gonial angle, condylar height, ramus notch depth, or antegonial notch depth when comparing the young dentate, old dentate, and completely edentulous subjects.Conclusions. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between the groups. Ramus height may be an indicator that changed by years and tooth loss. It must be considered that ramus height can be decreased in edentulism.

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The Combined Effects of Infection and Malnutrition on Protein Metabolism in Children

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0650313 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 313-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

A. M. Tomkins ◽

P. J. Garlick ◽

W. N. Schofield ◽

J. C. Waterlow

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

Group Iv ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Protein ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Weight For Age

1. Twenty-two children were studied as in-patients at a Nigerian Hospital. 2. They were divided into four groups on the basis of weight for age: I, adequately nourished, acutely infected; II, moderately under weight, acutely infected; III, malnourished, chronically infected; IV, malnourished, uninfected. 3. Urinary nitrogen excretion was highest in group I and lowest in groups III and IV. Urinary creatinine was highest in group I, but did not differ significantly in groups II, III and IV. The excretion of 3-methylhistidine closely paralleled that of creatinine. It is suggested that the high rates of creatinine and methylhistidine excretion in group I resulted in part from destruction of muscle. 4. Rates of whole body protein turnover were measured by administration of a single dose of [15N]glycine with measurement of the excretion of 15N in urinary NH3 for the next 9 h. 5. Rates of protein synthesis and breakdown were very high in infected children of groups I and II. Although rates were lower in the malnourished groups, in infected children of group III they were nearly twice as high as in the uninfected group IV. The net balance of protein (synthesis minus breakdown) was negative in group I, less negative in group II, zero in group III and positive in group IV. 6. Repeat measurements in group I during recovery from infection showed a decline in rates of excretion of nitrogen, creatinine and 3-methylhistidine. Rates of protein synthesis and breakdown declined and the protein balance became less negative, but these changes were not statistically significant. 7. Multiple regression analysis of the results of all groups taken together showed independent contributions to rates of protein metabolism from infection and nutritional state, especially plasma albumin. 8. It was concluded that infection caused a rise in protein breakdown which was larger than the concomitant rise in synthesis, leading to net loss of protein, and that these responses were reduced by malnutrition.

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Comparative Effect of Lisinopril and Fosinopril in Mitigating Learning and Memory Deficit in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2015/521718 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Debasree Deb ◽

K. L. Bairy ◽

Veena Nayak ◽

Mohandas Rao

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Group Iii ◽

Gum Acacia ◽

Group I ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Learning And Memory Deficit ◽

Evaluation Of Learning

Lisinopril and fosinopril were compared on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. A total of eighty-four male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Group I received 2% gum acacia orally for 4 weeks, group II received normal saline, and group III received scopolamine (2 mg/kg/ip) as single dose. Groups IV and V received lisinopril ( 0.225 mg/kg and 0.45 mg/kg), while Groups VI and VII received fosinopril (0.90 mg/kg and 1.80 mg/kg), respectively, orally for four weeks, followed by scopolamine (2 mg/kg/ip) given 45 minutes prior to experimental procedure. Evaluation of learning and memory was assessed by using passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and elevated plus maze tests followed by analysis of hippocampal morphology and quantification of the number of surviving neurons. Scopolamine induced marked impairment of memory in behavioral tests which correlated with morphological changes in hippocampus. Pretreatment with fosinopril 1.80 mg/kg was found to significantly ameliorate the memory deficits and hippocampal degeneration induced by scopolamine. Fosinopril exhibits antiamnesic activity, indicating its possible role in preventing memory deficits seen in dementia though the precise mechanism underlying this effect needs to be further evaluated.

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MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR ESTIMATION OF THE DEGREE OF TESTICULAR HYPOPLASIA IN CHILDREN WITH CRYPTORCHIDISM

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-5-246-249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 246-249

Author(s):

Svetlana Yu. Komarova ◽

N. A. Tsap ◽

I. E. Valamina ◽

E. Yu. Meshcheryakova

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Testicular Tissue ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Group Ii

The possible risk of the development of hypogonadism, infertility, and malignant neoplasm of the testicles in adults dictates the need to develop and implement diagnostic criteria. The identification of such morphological signs as a decrease in the number and diameter of the tubules, the number of germ cells, the development and progression of fibrosis of interstitium may have prognostic significance. The aim of the study is to develop morphological criteria for assessing the severity of testicular hypoplasia in cryptorchidism in children of different age groups. Material and methods. In the study there were identified three groups, taking into account the age of children with cryptorchidism. Group, I included 12 (34.3%) children aged from 1 to 3 years. Group II was presented by 14 (40%) patients aged from 4 to 10 years. Group III included 9 (25.7%) patients aged from 11-14 years. Results and discussion. Morphological changes in the testicle in cryptorchidism children of different age groups vary: in Group I moderate and pronounced structural changes were detected in 53% of cases, in group II - in 50% and in group III - in 72% of cases. Taking into account the morphological criteria of testicular tissue hypoplasia, in our study in cryptorchidism children, hypoplasia of the mild degree was revealed in 17.1% of cases, a moderate degree - in 31.4%, a severe degree - in 31.4% of cases. Conclusion. Morphological criteria for estimating hypoplasia and grading of the severity of hypoplasia of testicular tissue were determined on the basis of a scoring of morphological characters and morphometric indices.

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NEURON-GLIO-VASCULAR MODULE OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFUSE AXONAL BRAIN INJURY

Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine ◽

10.19048/fm336 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

E. M. Koludarova

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Diagnostic Complex ◽

Diagnostic Criterion

Introduction. Currently, there is no scientifically based diagnostic complex for diffuse axonal brain injury (DAI) which allows to reveal its morphological substrate and determine the time elapsed after it, especially in the early post-traumatic period. Aim. Identification of morphological changes in the corpus callosum in various post-traumatic periods after DAI. Material and methods. The material of the study is the corpus callosum of victims who died from traumatic brain injury with DAI within the first hour (group I, n=25), in the period from 1 to 12 hours (group II, n=30) and in the period from 12 to 48 hours (group III, n=17) before the death. The control group of the study comprises the corpus callosum (n=25) of those who died from various causes of non-violent and violent death (without any head trauma). Discussion of results. The main diagnostic criterion for DAI is represented by hemorrhages in the substance of the corpus callosum truncus. The proposed complex of morphological changes in the neuron-glio-vascular module will allow to determine the time elapsed after DAI. Conclusions. DAI as a special type of traumatic brain injury is manifested by a pathognomonic complex of pathomorphological changes in the deep structures of the brain, including the corpus callosum. Objectification of the time elapsed after DAI should be based on a comparative assessment of all morphological features of the identified neuron-glio-vascular module, while its individual features can not be considered as diagnostic.

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The value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis with different clinical presentation

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.04.000078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

O V Stukalova ◽

E M Gupalo ◽

P V Chumachenko ◽

A N Samko ◽

E A Butorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Objective: to assess the diagnostic meaning of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in various clinical forms of myocarditis. Materials and methods. 11 (8 men, mean age 32.8±11.1 years) patients (pts), hospitalized with suspected acute coronary syndrome, while an acute myocardial infarction was excluded during the examination (group I); 48 pts (31 men, 43.1±12.7 years), with clinical and instrumental signs of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) - group II; and 20 patients (12 men, 39.5±14 years), with episodes of ventricular tachycardia (group III) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). In 38 patients endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed. Results and discussion. According to EMB, signs of active myocarditis were revealed in 10 (34.5%) group II pts and in 3 (37.5%) group III pts; signs of resolved myocarditis - in 8 (27.6%) patients in group II and in 3 (37.5%); minimal morphological changes - in 11 (37.9%) patients of group II and in 2 (25%) patients of group III. In 9 (81.9%) patients of group I MRI data allowed to establish the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Signs of active inflammation from MRI data were detected in myocardium 5 (10.4%) in group II pts and 7 (35%) in group III pts. In 22 (45.8%) pts in group II and 10 (50%), CMR data corresponded to the picture of resolved myocarditis. In 21 (43.8%) cases of group II and 3 (15%) of group III, MRI revealed minimal structural changes. In pts with clinical and instrumental signs of DCM and/or ventricular tachycardia MRI allows to identify signs of "active myocarditis" with a sensitivity of 37.5% with a specificity of 83.4%. At the same time, in cases of resolved myocarditis and minimal morphological changes MRI has high sensitivity (70 and 71.5%) and specificity (71.5 and 75%, respectively). Conclusion. CMR has high diagnostic significance in patients with infarct-like course of myocarditis. In patients with clinical syndrome of dilated cardiomyopathy or arrhythmias, the sensitivity of MRI in detecting active myocarditis is low (37.5%) with high specificity (83.4%). In cases of minimal structural changes in the myocardium and resolved inflammation, CMR is a good alternative to EMB.

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Ultrastructural observation of the airways of recovered and susceptible pigs after inoculation with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x1998000100001 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiz Francisco Irigoyen ◽

William Van Alstine ◽

John Turek ◽

L. Kirk Clark

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Ultrastructural Observation ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

To determine the morphological differences in the epithelium of the airways of recovered and susceptible pigs after Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge, twenty-four 4-week-old M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs were intratracheally inoculated with 107ccu/ml of a pure low-passaged culture of the P5722-3 strain of M. hyopneumoniae challenge material. Eight pigs (group I) were challenged at the beginning of the experiment and rechallenged 3 months later. Group II pigs were also challenged at the beginning of the experiment and necropsied 3 months later. Group III pigs were challenged at the same time as the rechallenge of group I pigs. Eight nonchallenged pigs served as controls (group IV). Three days after the second challenge of group I and the first challenge of group III, and every 3 and 4 days thereafter, two pigs from each group were euthanatized by electrocution and necropsied. Samples of bronchi and lung tissue were examined using light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Macroscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of all group III pigs (average = 4.74%) and were characterized by purple-red areas of discoloration and increased firmness affecting the cranioventral aspect of the lungs. Macroscopic lesions of pneumonia in groups I and II were minimal (less than 1%). There were no gross lesions of pneumonia in control (group IV) pigs. Microscopic lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the peribronchial lymphoid tissue and mild neutrophilic infiltrates in alveoli. Electron microscopy showed patchy areas with loss of cilia and presence of leukocytes and mycoplasmas in bronchi of susceptible pigs (group III). The bronchial epithelium of rechallenged (group I), recovered (group II), and control (group IV) pigs was ultrastructurally similar indicating recovery of the former two groups. Although mycoplasmas were seen among cilia, a second challenge on pigs of group I did not produce another episode of the disease nor did it enhance morphological changes, suggesting that those pigs could become carriers of M. hyopneumoniae.

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Placental maturation and expulsion in Holstein and Nelore cows

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352004000200004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 157-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V.M.V. Martins ◽

A.P. Marques Junior ◽

A.C. Vasconcelos ◽

E. Martins ◽

R.L. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Post Partum ◽

Structural Features ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Agarose Gel ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Transmission Electron

Morphological changes in the placenta at periparturition and the involvement of apoptosis controlling cell populations in the placentome were evaluated in Holstein and Nelore cows. Twenty-two Holstein cows at the end of gestation with normal non-induced parturition (group I) and 10 Holstein cows with induced parturition (group II) were used in this study. In addition, groups III and IV were constituted by 10 Nelore cows at the end of gestation with normal non-induced parturition and 21 Nelore cows with induced parturition, respectivelly. Binucleate trophoblastic cells, epithelial caruncular cells and apoptotic bodies were quantified by light microscopy. Apoptosis was further evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, ELISA and DNA electrophoresis in agarose gel. The number of caruncular epithelial cells did not vary between breeds with normal or induced parturition. The number of binucleate cells was significantly different between Holstein and Nelore cows with normal non-induced parturition (groups I vs. III), but their numbers were not significantly different between breeds when parturition was induced. In cows with normal non-induced parturition, the intensity of apoptosis, as assessed by morphometric analysis and ELISA, was significantly higher in group I when compared to group III. However, no difference in the intensity of apoptosis was found between groups II and IV. Characteristic apoptotic ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Ultra-structural features of apoptosis in maternal and fetal epithelium as well as capillary vascular endothelium were identified by transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, in Nelore placental maturation occurs precociously when compared to Holstein. In both breeds, apoptosis is an active physiological event that seems to be required for maturation and normal post-partum release of the placenta.

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Monoacetoacetin and protein metabolism during parenteral nutrition in burned rats

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2260043 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 226 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A Maiz ◽

L L Moldawer ◽

B R Bistrian ◽

R H Birkhahn ◽

C L Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Group Iv ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Whole Body ◽

Protein Breakdown ◽

Body Protein ◽

Group Iii ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Group I

The effect of intravenous infusion of monoacetoacetin (glycerol monoacetoacetate) as a non-protein energy source was evaluated in burned rats. During 3 days of parenteral nutrition, in which animals received 14 g of amino acids/kg body wt. per day exclusively (group I) or with the addition of isoenergetic amounts (523 kJ/kg per day) of dextrose (group II), a 1:1 mixture of dextrose and monoacetoacetin (group III) or monoacetoacetin (group IV), significant decreases in urinary nitrogen excretion and whole-body leucine oxidation were observed in the three groups given additional non-protein energy as compared with group I. Serum ketone bodies (acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate) were decreased in rats given dextrose, whereas glucose and insulin increased significantly. Monoacetoacetin-infused animals (group IV) had high concentrations of ketone bodies without changes in glucose and insulin, whereas animals infused with both monoacetoacetin and glucose (group III) showed intermediate values. On day 4 of nutritional support, whole-body L-leucine kinetics were measured by using a constant infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine. In comparison with group I, the addition of dextrose or monoacetoacetin produced a significant decrease in plasma leucine appearance and release from whole-body protein breakdown. Gastrocnemius-muscle protein-synthesis rates were also higher in the three groups receiving additional non-protein energy. These findings suggest that monoacetoacetin can effectively replace dextrose as an intravenous energy source in stressed rats. Both fuels are similar in decreasing weight loss, nitrogen excretion, leucine release from whole-body protein breakdown and oxidation, in spite of differences in energy substrate and insulin concentrations.

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