EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF STEEL STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT FOR PYRAMIDAL-PRISMATIC BUNKERS

In accordance with the recommendations of specialized professional literature, steel pyramidal-prismatic bunkers are projected for a service life of 20 years. However, in practice this term is often twice, or even three times lower. This is especially true for complicated operating conditions, in particular the effect of increased loads and low temperatures. Existing design techniques for such structures, both in European practice and the design practice of Ukraine and other CIS countries do not pay attention to these aspects. Therefore, in the practice of operation, the increased accident rate of steel bunker capacities has already become virtually a common occurrence. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is presented, which consists of using instead of traditional steels of ordinary strength with high plastic properties, steels of increased or high strength with reduced plastic properties. At the same time, clear theoretical recommendations are provided for choosing the right steel depending on the operating conditions, primarily when exposed to increased loads. The recommendations are presented in a form convenient for practical engineering applications. The proposed approach allows to reduce the material consumption of structures of this type on average according to theoretical estimates by 25-30% without reducing their bearing capacity. Their durability is also further enhanced by improving performance at low temperatures. Thus, the applied aspect of such a solution to this above problem is the possibility of increasing the overall reliability of steel bunker capacities, as well as reducing the cost of their periodic maintenance and repair work. A practical illustration of the presented approach is also given on the example of the design of bunkers of a bypass track for supplying charge materials for blast furnaces of one of the metallurgical plants of the northern location. As a result, this created the preconditions for monetary savings of about 0.5 million UAH in prices 2019 (about 20,000 USD)

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Biodegradable Edible Film on the Basis of Apple Waste Products, i.e. Apple Marrow

Food Industry ◽

10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-1-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

Nadezhda Makarova ◽

Natalya Eremeeva ◽

Yana Davydova

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Raw Materials ◽

High Strength ◽

Edible Films ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Film Structure ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Edible Film ◽

Plastic Properties ◽

Waste Products

Edible film spread worldwide as an alternative to biodegradable polymer film can partially replace it as a packaging material for a number of food products. The article presents data on the study of samples of one-, two-, three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine-, ten-layer edible films. Edible films are based on one of the most common types of fruit – apples. The film peculiarity is the Apple pomace introduction into its composition, which is currently not used enough in the food industry and is waste. The researchers studied: a) organoleptic properties (appearance, color, taste, aroma, chewability), surface microstructure of edible films using the laser microscopy; b) film structure by the IR spectroscopy; C) the ratio of the film to water, to the effects of high and low temperatures; d) strength properties. Research results show that the edible multi-layer film based on Apple raw materials with the addition of Apple pomace is quite suitable for organoleptic indicators for use. Despite the presence of individual cracks and voids in the film structure, it has high strength characteristics, is moderately resistant to water and low temperatures, but loses its plastic properties when MV-heating.

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IMPLEMENTASI JOB ORDER COSTING METHOD DALAM PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MAP

eBA Journal: Journal Economics, Bussines and Accounting ◽

10.32492/eba.v4i2.613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Ika Yulianti ◽

Endah Masrunik ◽

Anam Miftakhul Huda ◽

Diana Elvianita

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Production Cost ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Cost Data ◽

Method Calculation ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

This study aims to find a comparison of the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured in the CV. Mitra Setia Blitar uses the company's method and uses the Job Order Costing (JOC) method. The method used in this study is quantitative. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data is in the form of map production cost data while qualitative data is in the form of information about map production process. The result of calculating the cost of production of the map between the two methods results in a difference of Rp. 306. Calculation using the company method is more expensive than using the Job Order Costing method. Calculation of cost of goods manufactured using the company method is Rp. 2,205,000, - or Rp. 2,205, - each unit. While using the Job Order Costing (JOC) method is Rp. 1,899,000, - or Rp 1,899, - each unit. So that the right method used in calculating the cost of production is the Job Order Costing (JOC) method

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CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.09.18-23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-23

Keyword(s):

Protective Coating ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Computational Tool ◽

Protection Method ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

The Cost ◽

Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

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Redemption of the Right to Use a Patent as a Legal Measure to Reduce the Cost of Innovative Drugs

Economic Strategies ◽

10.33917/es-4.162.2019.120-125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 144 (4) ◽

pp. 120-125

Author(s):

Tatevik V. Aityan ◽

Keyword(s):

The Right ◽

Innovative Drugs ◽

The Cost ◽

Legal Measure

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Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices for Voltage Stability Improvement with Economic Consideration Using Firefly Algorithm

Current Signal Transduction Therapy ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180320112127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

S. Rajasekaran ◽

S. Muralidharan

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Voltage Stability ◽

Firefly Algorithm ◽

Transmission System ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Voltage Collapse ◽

Facts Devices ◽

The Cost ◽

Bus System

Background: Increasing power demand forces the power systems to operate at their maximum operating conditions. This leads the power system into voltage instability and causes voltage collapse. To avoid this problem, FACTS devices have been used in power systems to increase system stability with much reduced economical ratings. To achieve this, the FACTS devices must be placed in exact location. This paper presents Firefly Algorithm (FA) based optimization method to locate these devices of exact rating and least cost in the transmission system. Methods: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the FACTS devices used in the proposed methodology to enhance the voltage stability of power systems. Considering two objectives of enhancing the voltage stability of the transmission system and minimizing the cost of the FACTS devices, the optimal ratings and cost were identified for the devices under consideration using Firefly algorithm as an optimization tool. Also, a model study had been done with four different cases such as normal case, line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) for IEEE 14,30,57 and 118 bus systems. Results: The optimal locations to install SVC and TCSC in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus systems were evaluated with minimal L-indices and cost using the proposed Firefly algorithm. From the results, it could be inferred that the cost of installing TCSC in IEEE bus system is slightly higher than SVC.For showing the superiority of Firefly algorithm, the results were compared with the already published research finding where this problem was solved using Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. It was revealed that the proposed firefly algorithm gives better optimum solution in minimizing the L-index values for IEEE 30 Bus system. Conclusion: The optimal placement, rating and cost of installation of TCSC and SVC in standard IEEE bus systems which enhanced the voltage stability were evaluated in this work. The need of the FACTS devices was also tested during the abnormal cases such as line outage case, generator outage case and overloading case (140%) with the proposed Firefly algorithm. Outputs reveal that the recognized placement of SVC and TCSC reduces the probability of voltage collapse and cost of the devices in the transmission lines. The capability of Firefly algorithm was also ensured by comparing its results with the results of other algorithms.

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Protecting the Desperate: The Regulation of Payday Lending

Federal Law Review ◽

10.22145/flr.43.1.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 147-176

Author(s):

Andrew J Serpell

Keyword(s):

Consumer Credit ◽

Law Reform ◽

Payday Lending ◽

Short Term ◽

Payday Loans ◽

The Law ◽

The Right ◽

Credit Contracts ◽

The Cost

Payday loans are small-amount, short-term, unsecured, high-cost credit contracts provided by non-mainstream credit providers. Payday loans are usually taken out to help the consumer pay for essential items, such as food, rent, electricity, petrol, broken-down appliances or car registration or repairs. These consumers take out payday loans because they cannot — or believe that they cannot — obtain a loan from a mainstream credit provider such as a bank. In recent years there has been a protracted debate in Australia — and in several overseas jurisdictions — about how to regulate the industry. Recent amendments to the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) — referred to in this article as the 2013 reforms — are designed to better protect payday loan consumers. While the 2013 reforms provide substantially improved protection for payday loan consumers, further changes to the law may be warranted. This article raises several law reform issues which should be considered as part of the 2015 review into small amount credit contracts, including whether the caps on the cost of credit are set at the right level, whether the required content and presentation of the consumer warnings needs to be altered, whether more needs to be done to protect consumers who are particularly disadvantaged or vulnerable and whether a general anti-avoidance provision should be included in the credit legislation.

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Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-28-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽

Aleksey V. Bukreev

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Signal ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Electrical Circuit ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Electrical Wiring ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost ◽

Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

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An Optimal Control Problem by a Hybrid System of Hyperbolic and Ordinary Differential Equations

Games ◽

10.3390/g12010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Alexander Arguchintsev ◽

Vasilisa Poplevko

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Optimal Control Problem ◽

Control Problem ◽

Ordinary Differential Equations ◽

Hyperbolic Equations ◽

Control Methods ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost ◽

Optimal Control Methods

This paper deals with an optimal control problem for a linear system of first-order hyperbolic equations with a function on the right-hand side determined from controlled bilinear ordinary differential equations. These ordinary differential equations are linear with respect to state functions with controlled coefficients. Such problems arise in the simulation of some processes of chemical technology and population dynamics. Normally, general optimal control methods are used for these problems because of bilinear ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the problem is reduced to an optimal control problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. The reduction is based on non-classic exact increment formulas for the cost-functional. This treatment allows to use a number of efficient optimal control methods for the problem. An example illustrates the approach.

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