Redemption of the Right to Use a Patent as a Legal Measure to Reduce the Cost of Innovative Drugs

This study aims to find a comparison of the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured in the CV. Mitra Setia Blitar uses the company's method and uses the Job Order Costing (JOC) method. The method used in this study is quantitative. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data is in the form of map production cost data while qualitative data is in the form of information about map production process. The result of calculating the cost of production of the map between the two methods results in a difference of Rp. 306. Calculation using the company method is more expensive than using the Job Order Costing method. Calculation of cost of goods manufactured using the company method is Rp. 2,205,000, - or Rp. 2,205, - each unit. While using the Job Order Costing (JOC) method is Rp. 1,899,000, - or Rp 1,899, - each unit. So that the right method used in calculating the cost of production is the Job Order Costing (JOC) method

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Protecting the Desperate: The Regulation of Payday Lending

Federal Law Review ◽

10.22145/flr.43.1.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 147-176

Author(s):

Andrew J Serpell

Keyword(s):

Consumer Credit ◽

Law Reform ◽

Payday Lending ◽

Short Term ◽

Payday Loans ◽

The Law ◽

The Right ◽

Credit Contracts ◽

The Cost

Payday loans are small-amount, short-term, unsecured, high-cost credit contracts provided by non-mainstream credit providers. Payday loans are usually taken out to help the consumer pay for essential items, such as food, rent, electricity, petrol, broken-down appliances or car registration or repairs. These consumers take out payday loans because they cannot — or believe that they cannot — obtain a loan from a mainstream credit provider such as a bank. In recent years there has been a protracted debate in Australia — and in several overseas jurisdictions — about how to regulate the industry. Recent amendments to the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) — referred to in this article as the 2013 reforms — are designed to better protect payday loan consumers. While the 2013 reforms provide substantially improved protection for payday loan consumers, further changes to the law may be warranted. This article raises several law reform issues which should be considered as part of the 2015 review into small amount credit contracts, including whether the caps on the cost of credit are set at the right level, whether the required content and presentation of the consumer warnings needs to be altered, whether more needs to be done to protect consumers who are particularly disadvantaged or vulnerable and whether a general anti-avoidance provision should be included in the credit legislation.

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Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-28-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽

Aleksey V. Bukreev

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Signal ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Electrical Circuit ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Electrical Wiring ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost ◽

Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

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An Optimal Control Problem by a Hybrid System of Hyperbolic and Ordinary Differential Equations

Games ◽

10.3390/g12010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Alexander Arguchintsev ◽

Vasilisa Poplevko

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Optimal Control Problem ◽

Control Problem ◽

Ordinary Differential Equations ◽

Hyperbolic Equations ◽

Control Methods ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost ◽

Optimal Control Methods

This paper deals with an optimal control problem for a linear system of first-order hyperbolic equations with a function on the right-hand side determined from controlled bilinear ordinary differential equations. These ordinary differential equations are linear with respect to state functions with controlled coefficients. Such problems arise in the simulation of some processes of chemical technology and population dynamics. Normally, general optimal control methods are used for these problems because of bilinear ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the problem is reduced to an optimal control problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. The reduction is based on non-classic exact increment formulas for the cost-functional. This treatment allows to use a number of efficient optimal control methods for the problem. An example illustrates the approach.

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Embracing Industry 4.0: Empirical Insights from Malaysia

Informatics ◽

10.3390/informatics8020030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Mansoor Ahmed Soomro ◽

Mohd Hizam-Hanafiah ◽

Nor Liza Abdullah ◽

Mohd Helmi Ali ◽

Muhammad Shahar Jusoh

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

New Technologies ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Digital Revolution ◽

Leadership Strategy ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

Industry 4.0 revolution, with its cutting-edge technologies, is an enabler for businesses, particularly in reducing the cost and improving the productivity. However, a large number of organizations are still too in their infancy to leverage the true potential of Industry 4.0 and its technologies. This paper takes a quantitative approach to reveal key insights from the companies that have implemented Industry 4.0 technologies. For this purpose, 238 technology companies in Malaysia were studied through a survey questionnaire. As technology companies are usually the first in line to adopt new technologies, they can be studied better as leaders in adopting the latest technologies. The findings of this descriptive study surfaced an array of insights in terms of Industry 4.0 readiness, Industry 4.0 technologies, leadership, strategy, and innovation. This research paper contributes by providing 10 key empirical insights on Industry 4.0 that can be utilized by managers to pace up their efforts towards digital transformation, and can help the policymakers in drafting the right policy to drive the digital revolution.

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Diplomacy Beyond History: Analytic-Violence, Producer-Centred Research, India

India Quarterly A Journal of International Affairs ◽

10.1177/0974928420983074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097492842098307

Author(s):

Deep K. Datta-Ray

Keyword(s):

New Method ◽

The West ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

Nuclear Diplomacy ◽

The Cost ◽

Insight Into

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.

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Balqis restaurant: how to move on?

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies ◽

10.1108/eemcs-05-2016-0094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Farzana Quoquab ◽

Shazwani Binti Ahmad ◽

Wan Nurul Syazwani Binti Wan Danial ◽

Jihad Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Subject Area ◽

Marketing Mix ◽

Business Success ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

Gradual Improvement ◽

Content Type ◽

To Come ◽

Set Up ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

Subject area This case can be used in marketing management as well as consumer behaviour courses. Study level/applicability This case is suitable to use in advanced undergraduate levels, MBA and MSc in marketing courses that cover topics related to market segmentation and marketing mix strategies. Case overview This case highlights the dilemma of an entrepreneur and a manager of a restaurant who were to take a decision about the sustainability of their restaurant business. Balqis Restaurant was owned by Danny who was a retiree from Telekom Malaysia. He wanted to open a restaurant business after he came back from his long holiday trip. He conducted market research to find a suitable place to open his Arabic restaurant. He assigned Waleed Masood Abdullah as the manager of Balqis Restaurant. Finally, in June 2010, he opened his long awaited restaurant at Gombak, Kuala Lumpur. The restaurant was known as Qasar before the name was changed to Balqis in 2015 because of copyright issues related to Saba’ restaurant at Cyberjaya. The restaurant was well managed under Danny’s supervision for 4 years and successfully won customers’ hearts and loyalty before he decided to give full responsibility to Waleed in March 2014. Danny trusted Waleed because he taught and trained him. However, under Waleed’s management, Balqis started to lose its customers. Waleed also started to branch out the restaurant to different places in different states; one in Ipoh, and the other in Perak. He invested much money on renovation for all three branches, but one of the restaurants closed down in September 2014. This is because of the fact that they could no longer bear the cost of operations for the restaurant. However, he failed to learn from the mistake; they set up another restaurant, which was in Kuantan, in the same month. The sales were not that encouraging but it did show gradual improvement; yet, they once again sold it to another Arab businessman. Waleed realized his failure in managing the restaurant business in August 2015. He again opted to open another new branch which was questioned by Danny. He was in a rush to open it by the end of December 2015 to ensure that the additional profits from the current restaurants could cover the variables costs if the new restaurants were launched. Based on that, the owner had to make a decision about whether a new branch should be opened or whether they should just retain their restaurant in Gombak. Expected learning outcomes The learning objectives of using this case are as follows. 1. Knowledge enhancement: to help students in understanding the problems faced by a restaurant in expanding its market; to make students aware that a properly blended marketing mix is the key to business success and to broaden students’ views and understanding in targeting the proper market segment in formulating an effective marketing strategy. 2. Skills building: to be able to identify the best marketing strategic decisions to manage the restaurant business for its survival and to develop students’ ability to analyse the existing situation to come up with a viable and effective solution. 3. Attitudinal: to help the students to have intellectual openness in accepting different ways of finding solutions for a particular problem and to assist students in making the right move at the right time. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.

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PENERAPAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADA PT. SARIMELATI KENCANA (PIZZA HUT MANADO TOWN SQUARE)

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.8.3.25112.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Stephany Ch. Pelleng ◽

Herman Karamoy ◽

Victorina Tirajoh

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Data ◽

Cost Driver ◽

Production Costs ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Traditional System ◽

Pricing Process ◽

Costing System ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost ◽

Pizza Hut

Nowadays, every company has to have a right and efficient way to know their own pricing process. The better the company count it, the better it would be to compete in the market because the right method or system will decrease the cost and increase the profit. Activity Based Costing System is a method of calculating the cost of goods manufactured based on activities in a company using more cost driver, so it can calculate more accurate. This method is expected to be applied to the PT. Sarimelati Kencana who still using the traditional system for calculating the cost of goods manufactured. This research has a purpose to know the cost of goods manufactured in the company using activity based costing system. There are qualitative and quantitative data on this project. Qualitative data for company profile and quantitative data for production costs. This is descriptive research and the result shows that the pricing process using ABC method give overcost condition for pizza hut personal and undercost condition for pizza hut regular and large.

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Pharmacotherapeutical possibilities in mental disorders: Current status in Serbia

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh11s1010d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

Slavica Djukic-Dejanovic ◽

Dusica Lecic-Tosevski ◽

Goran Mihajlovic ◽

Milica Borovcanin ◽

Ivana Simic-Vukomanovic

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Methadone Maintenance ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Current Status ◽

The European Union ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Innovative Drugs ◽

The Cost

The new therapeutical approaches have direct implications on living in order to accomplish remission, stop further progression of illnesses or improve the quality of life. The life expectancy has been increased up to10 years in the last 55 years, probably owing to the innovative drugs. The innovative drugs application in our everyday clinical practice should be analyzed, related to economical aspects and to the transitional status of a country, but also in the context of fears and misconceptions of therapists. The cost of therapy is not equal to the cost of prescribed drugs, however it also includes direct and indirect costs and medical and nonmedical burden. Countries in our region spend 4-7.3% of the total budget for antipsychotic drugs, while the costs in Serbia are about 1.5%. The new antipsychotics and the new formulations of the available antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia are pharmacoeconomically justified. On the other side, the substance abuse needs other strategies, including new substitution treatments. In our country only methadone maintenance therapy is available. It is necessary to provide adequate legislation to improve the process of drug registration. In the European Union it takes from 0 to 400 days for a drug to be registered, but in Serbia the process last longer than 3 years. Important laws approved in 2006 and 2009, are only a part of the destigmatiazation of patients with mental disorders. Treatment guidelines also help in resolving these issues. Taking all of the above into consideration, the treatment of mental disorders with innovative drugs is financially justified, but still unreachable for patients in Serbia. The voice of the professionals should be heard in these matters in order to provide the adequate treatment of people with mental health problems.

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ANALISIS DIFFERENTIAL COST DAN OPPORTUNITY COST DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI ATAU MEMPRODUKSI SENDIRI PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH PANGGUNG WOLOAN

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.10.2.8370.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Romeo Fersi Mongdong ◽

Jenny Morasa ◽

Heince Wokas

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Opportunity Cost ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Quantitative Result ◽

Opportunity Costs ◽

Business World ◽

Differential Costs ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

The business world today is characterized by increasing competition among existing companies. Competition occurs in all sectors of the economy both industry, trade, and services. One of the decisions that must be taken in planning at every alternative is to buy or produce itself a component of raw materials. Differential cost are related to the opportunity cost, which is the differential cost incurred costs as a result of certain decisions while the opportunity cost is the cost incurred when choosing a decision. The purpose of this study to analyze the differential costs and opportunity costs in the decision to buy or produce their own on Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan. The analytical method used is descreptive quantitative. Result of the differential cost analysis showed that the right decisions can be taken by the management company the manufactures its own because getting a hihgter differential gain, compared to buying from outside. While the opportunity cost of the buying raw materials from outside is more profitable, thus producing itself becomes more expensive. Should the leadership Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan produce their own wood from the outside becauseit would be more adventageous, compared to taking wood there are kept alone.

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