scholarly journals MEDIA, STEREOTYPES AND MUSLIM REPRESENTATION: WORLD AFTER JYLLANDS-POSTEN MUHAMMAD CARTOONS CONTROVERSY

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Rūta Sutkutė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
World View ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Online Media ◽  
The West ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Media

In the 21st century media has become the dominant source of knowledge of Islam and Muslims and selectively decides what the West should know about Islam and what should be hidden. However, the underlying assumption is that, the media as an institution forming stereotypes depends on the local socio-cultural context. The goal of this paper – to find out how media (as the mediator) forms values, world view of a society, creates stereotypes in different cultural environments through analysis of Muhammad cartoons. The objectives are: to define the concepts of Neo-Orientalism, Muslimophobia and Islamophobia; to find out the connection between media representations and negative images of Islam and Muslims in the society; to reveal the main stereotypes of Muslims and Islam in online media in 4 different countries by analysing the case of Muhammad cartoons. The conducted qualitative and quantitative content analysis confirmed the hypothesis that in the specific cultures the same event is presented in different ways while forming value based orientation for a specific audience. Western media seeks to portray Muslims as terrorists / Islamists that are against West, their values and any possibility of integration in Western societies. Meanwhile, Lebanon and India (Kashmir) media does not portray orientalism and Islamophobic views, because audiences are dominated by Muslims. However there are noticeable manifestations of Occidentalism - resistance to the West and the Islamophobic portrayal of public in media. Moreover, information serves as a public mobilization function, so there are reasons to believe that violent protests in Kashmir and Lebanon could have been encouraged by the media.

scholarly journals Whose Pictures, Whose Reality? Lines of Tradition in the Development of Topics, Negativity, and Power in the Photojournalistic Competition World Press Photo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-807
Author(s):  
Alexander Godulla ◽  
Daniel Seibert ◽  
Rosanna Planer
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
The World ◽  
Journalism Research ◽  
Over Time

Initially founded in 1955 as a platform for Dutch photojournalists to increase international exposure, the World Press Photo competition has grown into the most prestigious contest of photojournalism worldwide, making it an important arena for journalism research. Using qualitative and quantitative content analyses, this study examines all photos shown in the competitions from 1960 to 2020 (N = 11,789) considering the origin of jury members (N = 686), participants (N = 132,800), placements (N = 2347) and the Human Development Index (HDI) of the countries. The topics displayed on the photos, their degree of negativity, and potential power structures in the photos are analysed over time both in terms of continental and HDI-related differences. Significant results show that Africa, Asia, and South America are more frequently depicted by the topic conflict and characterised by negative images than continents with industrialised nations (Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America). Participating European countries have a significantly higher average number of jury members, participants, and placements than participating countries from Africa, Asia, and South America, which seems to account for a dominant Eurocentric view. Implications and critical discussions are summarized in three interim conclusions at the end of this extended paper.

scholarly journals Mediated Representations of Violence Against Women

Tripodos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Viktorija Car ◽  
Barbara Ravbar
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social System ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Online Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Women And Girls

Violence against women and girls in the 21st century remains a common and profoundly consequential violation of women’s human rights. It is part of gender inequality, an integral part of the social system, and linked to other aspects of human and economic development. When reporting about it, the media produce additional damage by continuously highlighting the hostile and violent treatment of women. Representations of gender and sexuality in the news reinforce the common perception that women are sexual objects and therefore disadvantage women, continuously reinforcing imbalances of power between women and men. This study explores media representations in Croatian online media articles about violence against women. The results of analysis show how violence against women is framed as a private problem, how women are addressed as unfaithful wives and prostitutes which gives excuses for the perpetrator while the blame for the violence is partly shifted to the woman. Also, results show how the secondary victimization is manifested in articles, and how violence against women as a topic is exploited to attract the readers’ attention.

scholarly journals Under the shadow of the state: Media framing of attacks on West Papuan students on Indonesian online media

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-260
Author(s):  
Justito Adiprasetio
Keyword(s):  
Media Framing ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
News Reports ◽  
News Sources ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

The attack on the West Papua student dormitory in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, on 16 August  2019 by the Islamic Defender Fronts (FPI), Communication Forum for Retired Children of the Indonesian Military/Police (FKPPI) and Pancasila Youth (PP) sharpened Indonesia’s crisis with West Papua. The baldly racist attack then ignited repression, as well as demonstrations from West Papuans in various cities. In such a crisis, Indonesian online media does not provide proportional voices from West Papuan society. That adds to a record of how bad the practice of journalism related to West Papua so far appears to be. This study conducted a quantitative framing analysis, examining the number of reports, use of resource persons and the use of framing of crisis in the news, on six Indonesian online media: okezone.com, detik.com, kompas.com, tribunnews.com, cnnindonesia.com and tirto.id in the period of August 13-31, 2019. From the 2,471 news reports, it can be seen that most of the main news sources used by the media are from the government and the apparatus and police. West Papuan society received only scant coverage compared with the range of news of the attacks on West Papua student dormitories and their effects. The dominant crisis frames that appear in the news are the frame of attribution of responsibility and frame of conflict. The frame of human interest, frame of morality and frame of economic take the bottom three positions.

scholarly journals CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON CELEBRITY NEWS IN THE ONLINE MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
Agwin Degaf ◽  
I Dewa Putu Wijana ◽  
Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Media ◽  
Textual Strategies ◽  
Celebrity News

This research examines online media related to the cases of Indonesian celebrities using critical discourse analysis approach. It aims to explain the textual strategies used by online media upon reporting the cases. The textual strategy focuses on the selection of certain vocabulary and the use of specific grammar. The data are collected through reading and note taking techniques on news texts in the online media, liputan6.com and kapanlagi.com, with certain topics such as: the divorce of Marshanda, Asmirandah interfaith marriage, and the case of celebrity prostitution. The current descriptive qualitative research employs critical discourse analysis proposed by van Dijk which generally believes that media always contains interests and partisanships. Therefore, they tend to provide positive picture of themselves/groups (positive self-presentation) and negative images about others (negative other-presentation).The picture can be analyzed through the way the media use the diction and build certain sentences inside the news. The result shows that media uses the vocabulary such as mothers who have an affair, women who cannot be emulated, presumptuous women, a liar man, no longer Muslim, etc. when reporting on the case of Marshanda’s divorce and Asmirandah’s interfaith marriage. Furthermore, the researcher finds the use of passivation, abstraction, categorization, identification and anonymity strategies in grammar.

scholarly journals Axiological component of text world view (on the samples of Kazakhstani press)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Assel Kozhakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
World View ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts

In this article, the authors address the problem of the representation of axiological components regarding modern society based on the material of the Kazakhstani press in Russian. As you know, the media is a kind of barometer of the “mentality” of society. Accordingly, the analysis of newspaper material allows us to judge the formed image of modern society in the axiological consciousness of Kazakhstani people. The purpose of the article is to identify ways and means of verbalizing value and value semantics in the language of the media texts, reflecting the processes of formation of modern Kazakhstani society. As well to make an analysis of axiological components of text world view together with its representation in press. The research being depicted in this paper required the detailed study of newspapers in Kazakhstan and shows its qualitative and quantitative analysis.

scholarly journals Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi'
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
World View ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
The West ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Modem World ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Western Hegemony

Revolt Against Modernityby Michael Youssef; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985, 189 pp., cloth.The two books under review are part of a larger literature appearingin the West lately on the encounter between Islam and Western modernity.The underlying assumption of the works of both Watt and Youssef is thatWesternization, or "cultural modernization," is the only alternative to the alleged"decline and crisis" of Islam in the modem world. Westernization, in thissense, manifests an implicit cultural superiority over the Islamic culture.Although following different approaches and methods of analysis, both Wanand Youssef contend that if Muslims are to advance, they have to adopt Westernpremises and notions.In Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity, Watt argues that the traditionalIslamic world view, which still penneates every aspect of the Muslim world,is incompatible with the conditions and demands of modernity. Watt beginswith the naive assumption that the modern Muslim mind is still determinedby the epistemological rules of the early phase of Islam-what MuhammadArkoun might call the Classical Islamic phase. Nowhere does Watt mentionthe historical and adaptive nature of the Shari'ah and the divergent opinionsheld by different Muslim scholars on matters relating to social and economicneeds, historical change, and intellectual proclivities.Watt, who is considered to be one of the most renowned authorities onIslam in the West, offers us a quasi-theoretical reading of the subject. Althoughmodernity is one of his key analytic concepts, he does not advance a cleardefinition of what modernity is, nor does he adequately portray the dynamicsof Western hegemony over the Muslim world and the current consequences.Watt contends that the traditional Islamic outlook, which was formedin the early phase of Islam against the background of the Qur'an and Hadith,as well as consensus, is based on the following premises: 1) the unchangingnessof the world; 2) the finality and superiority oflslam, and 3) the idealizationof Muhammad as the perfect model that Muslims have to follow. Inreconstructing the epistemological foundations of this outlook, Watt argues ...

Gender related topics in the European parliament election campaigns of the Italian populist parties in 2019: ideas reflection in the media and social network

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Berezkina
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Auxiliary Material ◽  
European Parliament Elections

The author studies how gender related topics are presented in the Italian populist parties and the populist political leader’s discourse. Based on the qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the texts of the representatives of political parties in the media and their posts on their Facebook page, as well as the texts of political programs of political parties that participated in the elections to the European Parliament in 2019, the main gender themes of contemporary Italian society are highlighted. The second part of the paper is devoted the analysis of women representation in the parties’ election lists for the European Parliament elections. The aim of the paper is to identify how gender topics are reflected in the speeches of politicians and political programs of the parties, to determine the relevance of this topic. The empirical basis of the study are the text units (comments, articles, posts in the social media), and the texts of political programs of Italian populist political parties. According to the article gender topics are usually integrated in the themes of economy development and financial support for different groups of the population. However, the gender related themes are not dominant in the discourse of Italian populists. The established populist parties cover gender issues much less than parties-newcomers. The reason of presence of women in the lists of candidates mainly is a legal requirement, but not a public need. The research results can be used as an auxiliary material in the study of the key peculiarities of Italian populism.

The portrayal of sex in online media as conflictive, feminized behavior far from hedonic pleasure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Olveira-Araujo ◽  
José-Luis Argiñano
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Narratives

Sex is news. Sex is widely present in the media, from news pieces on abuse, pornography, and scandals to reports on hedonic practices and erotic tendencies. To investigate its portrayal in the media, we carried out a quantitative content analysis (n = 950) of the journalistic pieces in which sex appears, published in the Spanish online media eldiario.es, elpais.com, and abc.es during 2019. In addition, a distinction is made between three dimensions of sex: sex as a condition (“sex that one is”), sex as behavior (“sex that is done”), and sex as an attribute (“sex that one has”). The results of this study indicate that more than two-thirds of the analyzed news pieces address sex as a behavior with potential negative consequences. Likewise, the terminological analysis reveals the feminization of news about sex, especially with regard to sex as a condition. Consequently, the online press does not advance beyond the hegemonic image but is rather limited to disseminating stereotypes established in society and thereby contributes to maintaining and propagating sexophobic and erotophobic attitudes. This scenario suggests a lack of communication strategies to report on sex, with the exception of those incorporating the gender perspective. However, when understood based on a prism of power relations, this approach only intensifies the discourse against it. These findings underscore the need to rethink media narratives about sex and adopt other propositional approaches for framing sex as a value.

Sexuality, masculinity and homophobia in association football: An empirical overview of a changing cultural context

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Association Football ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Come

Influenced by the industrial working classes in the nineteenth century, the emergence of regulated and professional association football became a symbol of masculinity for millions of boys and men that subsequently became engrained in future generations of male fans. One particular element of this was heightened sexism and homophobia and was illustrated by the dreadful reaction by fans, the media, team mates and opposition players to the decision by Justin Fashanu to come out in 1990 during a period of high cultural homophobia. Since 1990, however, there has been a cultural shift occurring in professional football. This article focuses on reviewing the empirical research that has illustrated a more inclusive change in attitude amongst some players and fans (both those attending games in person and those who actively engage in football-related discussions via the internet) as well as within the print and online media.

Tracing Orientalism in the Image of the Country Reflected by the Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 453-469
Author(s):  
Selin Bitirim Okmeydan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
The West ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Media

This chapter focuses on the relationship between Orientalism and country image, and the effect of the orientalist approach reflected in the media on the country image. The image of a country is especially affected by the representations reflected in the media. Therefore, media, where discourses and images are produced and shared, play major roles in the formation and consolidation of the country's image. A country that is generally featured in the media with negative images appears as a result of the orientalist approach towards countries marginalized by the West. Turkey is seen as the other by the West. This study features the authentic reflections of the orientalist view of Turkey in the media and the effect of these reflections on the country's image with contemporary examples. Thus, this study based on literature review and case study method is aimed to reveal traces of Orientalism in Turkey's image in the Western media.

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