scholarly journals Analysis of environmental hazards in the system «children's playground – urbanized area»

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Veronika Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Car Exhaust ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of the study of environmental pollution by methods of biological indication. The objects of research are children's playgrounds which are influenced by the negative anthropogenic factors. A child's body is more vulnerable to anthropogenic stresses. Car exhaust gases can have a negative impact on the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and other systems. Excessive noise pollution not only affects your hearing, but also other organs and systems. In addition, noise can increase stress hormone levels. The aim of the study is to identify the main adverse factors affecting playgrounds in large cities. Despite there are the sanitary standards for the placement of playgrounds in large cities, it was found that about 50 % of all playgrounds were located in violation of environmental safety standards. As part of the work, an inventory of children's playgrounds and sports grounds in the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv and Dnipro was carried out. The author carried out experimental research on some playgrounds using biological indication methods. The method of lichen indication revealed that four out of ten playgrounds in Kharkiv have a high level of air pollution, and two out of ten in Kyiv and Dnipro. This is confirmed by the biotesting method. It was found that one of the methods of solving the problem of excessive anthropogenic load on the objects of study is planting greenery. It is experimentally established that green plantations are able to reduce the level of noise pollution by 4–6 dB and absorb pollutants. In addition to reducing the anthropogenic load, the greening of playgrounds has an impact on improving the microclimate of the urban environment, and developing the visual qualities of urbanised landscapes

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry in Morphological Characteristics of Betula Pendula Roth Leaf under Conditions of Urban Ecosystems: Evaluation of the Multi-Factor Negative Impact

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shadrina ◽  
Nina Turmukhametova ◽  
Victoria Soldatova ◽  
Yakov Vol'pert ◽  
Irina Korotchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
The Impact

The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in Betula pendula Roth was estimated as an integrated measure of five morphometric characteristics of a lamina. Samples were collected in seven cities that differ both in climatic conditions, moderately to sharply continental. In total, 33 ecotopes were distinguished with various level of anthropogenic load. The statistical data processing involved correlation, one-way and factorial ANOVA, regression analyses, and principal component analysis (PCA). The impact of 25 climatic and anthropogenic factors on the FA value was considered. In most urban ecotopes, the integrated fluctuating asymmetry (IFA) value was higher than in natural biotopes of the same region. No significant inter-annual differences in IFA values were found. FA dependence on traffic load is noted to be statistically significant. The covariation analysis of IFA, climatic, and anthropogenic variables in various urban ecotopes revealed the impact of three groups of factors that together explain 93% of the variance in environmental parameters. The complex analysis clearly arranged the studied ecotopes by pollution gradient and climatic patterns. The primary effect of the total anthropogenic load on the developmental stability of B. pendula results in an IFA increase. IFA can play a key role in bioindication assessment of environmental quality. The climatic factors have no significant effect on the developmental stability of B. pendula in urban conditions.

scholarly journals Formation of ecological component of consumer properties of roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (92) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Natalia Arinushkina ◽  
Tamara Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Road ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Problem. The issue of the impact of construction projects on the environment is extremely relevant and complex. Analysis of publications. The study of the negative impact of rolling stock, dust, noise, vibration, emissions during the operation of engines, as well as the impact of construction processes on the environment were engaged in such scientists as I.Ye. Evgeniev, RA Kizima, D.W. Зерка-лов, М.В. Немчинов, О.Л. Boychenko and others [1, 3, 4, 8, 9]. The aim is to assess the degree of impact of the road and transport on the environment. Presenting main material. Consumer properties of roads are a set of indicators that directly meet the needs of road users: safety, speed, continuity, comfort of traffic; road capacity, in particular the ability to pass cars and road trains with permitted axle loads, total weight and dimensions; ecological and aesthetic condition of the road; level of service and information support [2]. Ecological safety of the highway depends on the technical level, operational condition of the road and road structures, intensity and composition of traffic and characterizes the impact of the road on the environment within the limits of environmental standards, including harmful vehicle emissions, noise pollution, migration of animals, reptiles etc. [6]. Cars with gasoline engines are especially harmful in this regard. Diesel engines have a much lower level of toxicity and contain much less harmful substances. On the entire area of land occupied by the road and the construction of the road complex, on temporarily allotted land for reserves, quarries and other developments should be removed fertile layer of soil with bulldozers that cut and move the soil some distance. In the course of performance of this work the soil is exposed to mechanical disturbance. The construction area becomes a category of disturbed lands, which include lands with a removed or covered humus layer, not suitable for agricultural and forestry use without prior restoration of fertility [3, 7, 10, 11]. Conclusions. In order to protect the environment, many countries around the world are introducing laws designed to limit the negative impact of vehicles on the state of the biosphere, which requires the creation of modern environmental legislation and regulatory framework for environmental safety.

scholarly journals USANDO VEÍCULOS ECOLÓGICOS COMO UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA MELHORAR A QUALIDADE DO AR NAS METRÓPOLES IRANIANAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohajer ◽  
Mohsen Gerami
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
High Level

RESUMOO Irã como país em desenvolvimento está enfrentando uma quantidade excessiva de poluição do ar em suas grandes cidades. Parece que usar veículos elétricos / híbridos é uma solução apropriada, mas qual carro será mais compatível com a sociedade, o ambiente e as pessoas do Irã ainda é vago? Para responder a essa pergunta, projetamos nosso modelo no qual os quatro híbridos mais populares mundialmente / A eletricidade foi analisada com base nas idéias de especialistas. Em geral, é utilizado o método analítico-descritivo, a comunidade da pesquisa inclui todos os especialistas no campo da gestão ambiental e o tamanho da amostra é obtido usando o método objetivo não aleatório (10 especialistas foram questionados) para priorizar entre carros diferentes com base em um método processo analítico de hierarquia. Os resultados mostraram que, com base na perspectiva dos especialistas, veículos totalmente elétricos são preferencialmente mais compatíveis com a situação do Irã do que veículos híbridos. A característica mais significativa que é contribuída para os veículos elétricos é o alto nível de eficiência de combustível e a menor quantidade de poluição atribuída ao seu motor elétrico, o que significa que eles não liberarão nenhuma poluição no ar. Finalmente, com base nos resultados, sugerimos algumas estratégias, entre as quais a substituição de veículos a combustível antigos e de baixa eficiência, aplicando impostos excessivos regularmente.Palavras-chave: Veículos Elétricos / Híbridos, Poluição do Ar, Transporte Urbano.USING GREEN VEHICLES AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN IRANIAN METROPOLISESNowadays due to the overwhelming levels of pollution, especially in large cities, going green, which means products have higher levels of energy consumption efficiency, is one of the crucial features of any product. In fact being green for vehicles which are responsible for majority of air pollution is significant, therefore companies are trying to product more environment-friendly cars and governments are more intended to place more environmental standards on this industry. Iran as a developing country is facing excessive amount of air pollution in its big cities and it is necessary for this country to invest on more environmental products, especially in transportation system which release a numerous level of air and noise pollution into the environment. It seems, it will be an appropriate approach for this country to produce or import Electric/Hybrid vehicles, but which car will be more compatible with Iran’s society, environment and people situation is still vague, in order of answering this question we designed our model in which 4 most globally popular Hybrid/Electric has been analyzed based on experts’ ideas. In general, descriptive-analytic method is used, the survey community is included all experts in the field of environmental management and sample size is obtained using non-random objective method (10 experts have been questioned) for prioritizing between different cars based on an analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that based on the experts’ perspective, fully electric vehicles are would rather be more compatible with Iran’s situation than Hybrid ones. The most significant feature that is contributed to Electric vehicles is about their high level of fuel efficiency and the least amount of pollution attributed to their Electric engine, which means they will release no pollution into the air. We finally based on the results, suggested some strategies, among which replacing old and low efficient fuel vehicles, placing excessive tax on regular cars and Tax exemption(for driving, importing and manufacturing electric cars) are the practical approaches for government in order to engage people buying-using more efficient cars. Keywords: Electric / Hybrid Vehicles, Air Pollution, Urban Transportation

ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY FACTORS OF PLAY-GROUNDS USING THE RANK CORRELATION METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
V. Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Rank Correlation Method ◽  
The Impact

The process of rapid development in modern cities has led to a significant number of playgrounds being located in confined areas, near roads with heavy vehicle traffic (including tram tracks), next to short-term parking spaces and refuse containers. Particular attention is paid to unauthorised parking which is caused by a lack of designated parking spaces. In addition, in residential areas of modern megacities there is a lot of infill development, which is an additional source of noise and dust. Thus, a significant number of playgrounds are located in areas with excessive anthropogenic load. The materials presented in the article describe the current condition of playgrounds in most big cities of Ukraine. Particular importance is attached to the factors which are connected with vehicle traffic, for example noise pollution, air dustiness and pollutant emissions. At the first stage, a list of factors affecting the environmental safety of children's playgrounds in urbanised areas was compiled and analysed. The next stage involves the development of a questionnaire and the direct assessment of the influencing factors by the experts involved. The article considers the factors that are rarely considered in the study of the impact of individual anthropogenic factors of the environment on public health, however, in modern conditions they cannot be neglected. The final stage consists of data processing and formation of conclusions. Using the method of rank correlation, the main factors of influence on the objects of research are identified. The results of the research stated in the article can be used in further study of the subject and in the development of methods to eliminate the influence of the most significant factors affecting the ecological safety of children's playgrounds.

scholarly journals MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACOUSTIC POLLUTION OF URBANIZED AREAS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Igor Lykov ◽  
Nadezhda Loboda ◽  
Alexey Streltsov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Urban Noise ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Noise pollution of the urban environment in recent years has become a serious environmental and social problem, a threat to the health and well-being of the population. Although noise for the population is not such a priority, as, for example, chemical pollution of air and water, but it has always been the subject of public interest. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. Among the many factors affecting the health of the population, urban noise is the most common and aggressive. The article deals with the problem of the negative impact of noise on human health and on the structure of the general morbidity of the population. The authors addressed the problem of noise pollution in the city of Kaluga. Presents the dynamics of changes in the number of cars and noise pollution over the past ten years. It is shown that today cars are the dominant sources of urban noise environment. The interpretation of the results of full-scale acoustic measurements carried out on the main urban highways is given. The regularities of changes in noise levels in different seasons of the year are revealed. It is concluded that the permissible values of acoustic effects in the city of Kaluga are exceeded. The results of the integrated assessment of child morbidity associated with an increase in the number of vehicles in the city and an increase in acoustic load are presented.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of the wastes from municipal construction and utility complexes as a factor of environmental hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-441
Author(s):  
Eduard S. Tshovrebov ◽  
◽  
Ural D. Niyazgulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Resource Value ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
High Level ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The present work is aimed at studying the waste management system of municipal construction and utility complexes in order to identify the potential application of waste materials in the form of secondary resources while simultaneously reducing their negative impact on the environment. The study is based on a set of research methods essentially structured by system analysis. Materials of domestic and foreign studies on the problems of ensuring environmental safety in the construction and utility complex, treatment and maximum use of secondary resources are generalised and systematised. Additionally, the results of the authors’ research in the field of evaluating the efficiency of using waste resource potentials are presented. The obtained results indicate the high level of resource value for municipal solid and construction wastes. A set of scientific and methodological approaches for assessing the resource potentials of such wastes is proposed. Results obtained using mathematical statistics methods indicate the types of waste under consideration to be classifiable as homogeneous according to a number of characteristics. Factors impeding the environmental safety of municipal services are identified along with the potential for reutilising waste resources obtained from the construction and util-ity complexes in the wider economy. The present work demonstrates the relevance of a system for in-tegrating secondary resources, with their maximum involvement in economic turnover to ensure envi-ronmental safety in the sphere of construction and utility services, as among the most important factors in the sustainable development of settlements and territories.

scholarly journals Environmental safety in the framework of sustainable development of the region (on the example of the Siberian Federal District)

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
E.A. Zhidkova ◽  
I.A. Dymova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment

A statistical analysis of public opinion on environmental safety issues was carried out. The Siberian Federal District was chosen as the object of the study. Special attention is paid to the development of environmental safety in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass). The main criterion for determining the coordinates of “critical” points was the results of a social survey conducted by the Special Communications and Information Service of the Federal Security Service of Russia. The reasons for the negative impact on the state of the environment of the Siberian Federal District are revealed. It is established that when preventive measures are not so effective to maintain a high level of environmental safety, the compensation of environmental damage can pass through the organization of the institute of environmental insurance.

scholarly journals Risk management of the negative impacts of building materials produced of production wastes on the environmental medium

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Konstantin Georgievich Pugin ◽  
Yakov Iosifovich Vaysman
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Negative Impacts

Basing on life cycle analysis of building materials produced of waste products the authors defined the formation stages of environmental risks of adverse impacts on the environment. The studies have revealed that one of the main environmental risks is the occurrence of secondary emission of pollutants from building materials produced of waste products when used by the end-user, which is not taken into account by the existing regulatory documents defining the environmental safety of construction materials. The questions of prevention of the possible negative impact of the construction materials based on or with addition of production waste while their use on the environment and population as a result of a number of natural and anthropogenic factors, which can lead to negative ecological effects, which are difficult to forecast, are not regulated enough. In the present conditions of the absence of regulatory framework of their ecological safety the wide use of production waste for obtaining construction materials without account for the possible ecological risks may lead to technogenic burden exceeding the acceptable level.The authors defined the main ways to reduce the environmental risks when using the resource potential of waste for the production of building materials by reducing the emissions of these pollutants while reducing their permeability.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

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