Water Use and Root Length Density ofCupheaspp. Influenced by Row Spacing and Sowing Date

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton S. Sharratt ◽  
Russ W. Gesch
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Row Spacing

Root and shoot growth and water use of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in dryland conditions: effects of sowing date and genotype

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Brown ◽  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
P. J. M. Cooper ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Root ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYGrowth and water use of kabuli-type chickpea was measured during the 1982/83 and 1983/84 growing seasons in northern Syria under rainfed conditions. Winter-sown (November) and springsown (March) crops of cv. ILC 482 were grown in 1982/83 while in 1983/84 spring-sown crops of contrasting genotypes (ILC 482, ILC 1929 and ILC 3279) were compared.In 1982/83, shoot dry matter and seed yields of the winter-sown crop were almost twice those of the spring-sown crop although the water use of both crops was almost the same. Root growth of both crops was most rapid before flowering but continued until maturity (early June) in the winter-sown and until mid to late pod filling (also early June) in the spring-sown crop. Root dry weight (c. 45 g/m2) and length (c. 45 cm/cm2) were similar in both crops during pod filling.In 1983/84, shoot weight, root weight and root length were similar in all genotypes but the later maturity of ILC 3279 resulted in lower seed yield and hence harvest index, and greater water use.The root length density decreased approximately logarithmically with depth in the soil profile although comparison between seasons and with other published results showed that the relations could not be used predictively. Water use efficiency was poorer in the second, drier season and was almost doubled by winter sowing.

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser placement on grain protein concentration of wheat under different water regimes

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotfollahi ◽  
A. M. Alston ◽  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

Two experiments were conducted in pots 105 cm deep and 11 cm in diameter to determine the effects of subsoil nitrogen (N) on grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Molineux). In both experiments, KNO3 was applied in solution at different times and depths in the profile. In the first experiment, in which a sandy soil low in available N was used, application of 150 mg N at 60 cm, 2 weeks after anthesis, significantly increased grain yield and GPC. The N was taken up gradually by the plant after N was applied. Adding N to the subsoil increased root growth and this resulted in increased water use and water use efficiency. Although there was an increase in the rate of N uptake by the roots, the main factor that influenced the utilisation of subsoil N was the root length density. In the second experiment, the effects of depth and time of N application, and of a reduction in post-anthesis water supply, were determined. A more fertile soil was used than the one in the first experiment. There were 5 KNO3 treatments: nil N; 150 mg N applied to the topsoil at sowing; 75 mg N to the topsoil and 75 mg N to the subsoil (60 cm depth) at sowing; 150 mg N to the subsoil at sowing; 75 mg N to the topsoil at sowing and 75 mg N to the subsoil 1 week after anthesis. The effect of post-anthesis water stress was assessed by allowing the topsoil to dry and then supplying half the amount of water used by the well-watered control treatment at 60 cm in half of the pots. Adding N increased yield and GPC but there was no significant difference in yield and GPC between the different N treatments. When N was applied to the topsoil only, most of it was used by the wheat plants or leached to the subsoil by anthesis; post-anthesis uptake of N depended on the amount of N in the subsoil. Adding N, irrespective of the depth of placement or time of application, increased water use and water use efficiency. In both experiments, increasing the availability of N in the soil after anthesis reduced the amount of N that was remobilised from the roots and stem to the grain. The recovery of applied N in both experiments was high (about 80%). These experiments have shown that N available in the subsoil after anthesis can be used very efficiently and can contribute to both grain yield and GPC. A critical factor in the efficient use of this N appears to be root length density in the subsoil.

Water Relations in Cowpea and Pearl Millet Under Soil Water Deficits. II. Water Use and Root Distribution

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Petrie ◽  
AE Hall
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential

Pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] develops lower predawn leaf water potentials than cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] when plants are subjected to progressive soil dehydration. Water use and root distribution were studied as possible explanations for this difference using plants grown in pots and in tubes in a glasshouse. In experiments grown in pots, weights of each container were measured daily after initiation of the dry treatment to determine water use, and roots and soil were sampled at the end of the experiment to determine root length density and soil water content. In experiments conducted in 1 m long tubes, plants were grown in either Turface Plus or a Turface Plus/sand mixture which had a high water-holding capacity and could be easily separated from roots. Roots and rooting medium were sampled during the dry treatment. Water content and root length density in the same sample were measured, and root distributions at various depths were determined. Pearl millet (millet) did not use more bulk water than cowpea by the time the difference in predawn leaf water potential developed. Millet root length density was at least twice as great as cowpea, and the decline in predawn leaf water potential was greater in millet, even when its root system was more extensive than that of cowpea.

Sex-specifically responsive strategies to phosphorus availability combined with different soil nitrogen forms in dioecious Populus cathayana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Shuangri Liu ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Aims Phosphorus (P) availability and efficiency are especially important for plant growth and productivity. However, the sex-specific P acquisition and utilization strategies of dioecious plant species under different N forms are not clear. Methods This study investigated the responsive mechanisms of dioecious Populus cathayana females and males based on P uptake and allocation to soil P supply under N deficiency, nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) supply. Important Findings Females had a greater biomass, root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) and shoot P concentration than males under normal P availability with two N supplies. NH4 + supply led to higher total root length, RLD and SRL but lower root tip number than NO3 − supply under normal P supply. Under P deficiency, males showed a smaller root system but greater photosynthetic P availability and higher leaf P remobilization, exhibiting a better capacity to adaptation to P-deficiency than females. Under P deficiency, NO3 − supply increased leaf photosynthesis and PUE but reduced RLD and SRL in females while males had higher leaf P redistribution and photosynthetic PUE than NH4 + supply. Females had a better potentiality to cope with P deficiency under NO3 − supply than NH4 + supply; the contrary was true for males. These results suggest that females may devote to increase in P uptake and shoot P allocation under normal P availability, especially under NO3 − supply, while males adopt more efficient resource use and P remobilization to maximum their tolerance to P-deficiency.

scholarly journals Root Phenotyping for Drought Tolerance: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Qin Fang ◽  
Zongzheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Root Phenotyping

Plant roots play a significant role in plant growth by exploiting soil resources via the uptake of water and nutrients. Root traits such as fine root diameter, specific root length, specific root area, root angle, and root length density are considered useful traits for improving plant productivity under drought conditions. Therefore, understanding interactions between roots and their surrounding soil environment is important, which can be improved through root phenotyping. With the advancement in technologies, many tools have been developed for root phenotyping. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been considered a good technique for field phenotyping of crops under drought and is used to estimate crop yield as well as root traits in relation to drought tolerance. Both laboratory and field-based methods for phenotyping root traits have been developed including soil sampling, mini-rhizotron, rhizotrons, thermography and non-soil techniques. Recently, a non-invasive approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has provided a break-through to study the root architecture in three dimensions (3-D). This review summarizes methods for root phenotyping. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that root traits are useful characters to be included in future breeding programs and for selecting better cultivars to increase crop yield under water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Shallow Substrates Support the Growth of Contrasting Plant Types Installed in Irrigated, Arid-Climate Green Roofs1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Lauren Forrest ◽  
Rachel Gioannini ◽  
Dawn M. VanLeeuwen ◽  
Rolston St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Substrate Depth

Abstract Extreme evaporative demand makes substrate depth a critical design factor in arid-climate green roofs. The objective of this study was to determine whether a shallow irrigated substrate could support the growth of hens and chicks (Sempervivum calcareum L.) and iceplant [Delosperma nubigenum (Hook.f.) L.Bolus] in an arid environment. First, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse that established that plants survived in 10 cm (3.9 in), 15 cm (5.9 in), and 20 cm (7.9 in) substrate depths, which then lead to a second experiment in an outdoor environment. The substrate was heat-expanded clay:sand:worm castings (6:3:1, by volume) in a greenhouse experiment and heat-expanded clay:zeolite:worm castings (6:3:1, by volume) in an outdoor experiment. In the greenhouse experiment, deep root length density (RLD) was significantly greater in the 10 cm-deep (3.9 in) substrate, while outdoors, deep RLD was highest for plants grown in the 15 cm-deep (5.9 in) substrate. Outdoors, iceplant had significantly greater mean coverage and shoot dry weight than hens and chicks. Lack of significant differences in quality and coverage due to substrate depth, coupled with higher RLD in the 10 cm (3.9 in) and 15 cm (5.9 in) depths in both experiments provides evidence that shallow irrigated substrates support the growth of both taxa. Index words: iceplant, hens and chicks, plant coverage, root length density, quality, zeolite, heat expanded clay. Species used in this study: hens and chicks (Sempervivum calcareum L.); iceplant [Delosperma nubigenum (Hook.f.) L. Bolus].

scholarly journals Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on rooting behaviour of grape cuttings

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
SHRUTHI REDDY L ◽  
GOPALA KRISHNA REDDY A ◽  
VANAJA. M ◽  
MARUTHI. V. ◽  
VANAJA LATHA. K.
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was laid out to study the impact of eCO2 (550ppm), eT (+3ºC) and their interaction (eCO2+eT) on rooting behaviour of cuttings of three grape varieties- Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue, and Dogridge in FATE and OTC facilities. Observations were recorded at 50 and 80 days after planting (DAP) and root growth data was recorded and analysed using WinRHIZO root scanner and its software. Analysis revealed that, among the selected grape varieties, Thompson Seedless cuttings has shown highest number of roots, root volume and dry biomass under eCO2 and eCO2+ eT conditions, while total root length and root length density were highest with Bangalore Blue. Under eT condition, Bangalore Blue showed highest number of roots, total root length and root length density, while root volume and dry biomass was highest with Thompson Seedless. The per se values of root parameters under all conditions and their response to eCO2 was lowest with Dogridge. Though eT condition reduced all the root parameters, their performance improved under eCO2+ eT indicating the presence of higher concentration of CO2 reduced the ill effects of high temperature. Overall, eCO2 and eCO2+eT conditions improved root parameters of grape varieties, while eT reduced them as compared to their performance under ambient condition and varietal variation is significant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document