Seeding Rate and Fertility Effects on AC Saltlander Forage Production on Saline Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Gu ◽  
Alan D. Iwaasa ◽  
Ken Wall ◽  
Craig Gatzke ◽  
Mengli Zhao
Author(s):  
M. Shirazul Islam ◽  
M. Nurul Alam Akhand ◽  
M. A. Razzaque Akanda

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Crofts

Under supplementary spray irrigation at Badgery's Creek, N.S.W., it has been possible to increase the late autumn, winter, and early spring production of a clover dominant ryegrass-clover pasture by more than 3,000 lb of dry matter an acre by sod-seeding oats with nitrogen fertilizers. The oat seeding rate and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding are critical factors in determining the amount of additional winter forage obtained. At this stage it appears that the sod-seeding of oats at four bushels an acre with about 90 lb of nitrogen an acre in early autumn will greatly increase winter forage production under irrigation at a much lower cost than that associated with hand-feeding.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longyu Hou ◽  
Wenming Bai ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Hailian Sun ◽  
...  

Abstract Demand for high forage production and quality of oat (Avena sativa L., A nuda L.) by animal husbandry has increased in recent years, especially in the cold regions of northern China, because these regions are the traditional animal husbandry base. To maximize high quality of forage production, we developed a new model of two-sown regime for oat forage during a single growing season in an alpine region of Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, using two early-matured oat species, Avena sativa (cv. Qinghai444, winner oat cultivar) and A. nuda (cv. Huazao2, spring oat cultivar). The key technologies and corresponding mechanisms in the first spring-sown and the second summer-sown were studied by measuring agronomic characteristics and forage quality and production. Furthermore, forage production and quality, resources use efficiency, and economic benefits were compared and quantified between two-sown regime and traditional one-sown regime across three consecutive years (2017–2019). We found that 1) the first sowing in spring was done when the thawing depth of soil at 10–13 cm occurred, and the forage yield was mainly achieved by an increase in plant height; 2) The second sowing after harvesting the first sowing oat forage was made in summer under no-tillage treatment, with the yield being mainly due to an increase in tiller density by increasing seeding rate; 3) Compared to traditional one-sown regime, dry weight yield, crude protein yield and relative feed value were significantly increased by 53.6%, 48.9% and 70.6% across three experimental years of 2017–2019, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the two-sown regime of oat is an effectively way in improving forage production and quality as well as increasing benefits in an alpine region of northern China.


Author(s):  
В. Образцов ◽  
Д. Щедрина ◽  
С. Кадыров

В Центральном Черноземье большая часть кормов производится на пашне. В связи с этим эффективность животноводства зависит от стабильного обеспечения животных качественными и недорогими кормами. Наиболее доступными кормами являются многолетние травы. Внедрение новых видов и сортов нетрадиционных кормовых трав с улучшенными хозяйственно полезными признаками является важным резервом для кормопроизводства. Межродовой гибрид фестулолиум ценная кормовая культура для полевого и лугового травосеяния, которую можно использовать на зелёный корм, сено, силос, сенаж, а также при создании культурных сенокосов и пастбищ. В связи с этим для более широкого внедрения в производство требуется научная разработка приёмов возделывания, обеспечивающих получение высоких и устойчивых урожаев семян. Важными элементами технологии возделывания фестулолиума на семена являются норма высева семян и способ посева. В представленных исследованиях, проведённых в 20062009 годах, изучены биологические особенности и семенная продуктивность при использовании разных норм высева и обычного и черезрядного способов посева. По результатам проведённых исследований можно отметить, что посев фестулолиума рядовым (15 см) или черезрядным (30 см) способами с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га позволяет сформировать разреженный слабополегающий травостой. Ассимиляционный аппарат фестулолиума наиболее продуктивно ассимилировал при обычном и черезрядном способах посева с нормами высева 6,0 и 9,0 кг/га, о чём свидетельствует максимальное значение фотосинтетического потенциала 10291090 тыс. м2сут/га. Чрезмерное загущение посевов (до 12,0 кг/га) отрицательно сказалось на элементах структуры урожая, привело к полеганию растений, уменьшению их продуктивности. Установлено, что максимальная семенная продуктивность фестулолиума получена в травостоях с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га и густотой стояния 130133 шт./м2: при рядовом способе посева урожай семян в среднем за 3 года составил 604,3 кг/га, а при черезрядном 652,3 кг/га. In the Central Non-Chernozem region the greatest part of forage comes from grasslands. Stable production of high-quality and low-cost feeds is a key to effective Animal Husbandry. Perennial grasses are the most popular source of fodder. Introduction of new unconventional genotypes of such grasses carrying improved economically important traits is crucial for forage production. Festulolium intergeneric hybrid is a valuable crop that can be used to produce green forage, hay, silage, haylage as well as to maintain pastures and grasslands. Its large-scale cultivation requires new techniques providing high and stable yield. Seeding rate and pattern significantly affect festulolium performance. This paper reports on festulolium biological parameters and seed productivity analyzed in 20062009. Row and skip-row planting patterns as well as the seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 resulted in sparse lodging-resistant swards. Seeding rates of 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha-1 provided the highest photosynthetic potential 10291090 thousand m2days ha-1. High plant density (up to 12.0 kg ha-1) negatively affected festulolium performance and led to lodging. The seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 and festulolium density of 130133 plants/m2 resulted in the highest seed productivity: 604.3 and 652.3 kg ha-1 under row and skip-row planting patterns, respectively.


Author(s):  
Г.С. Цвик ◽  
Т.П. Сабирова ◽  
С.И. Костенко

Тритикале обладает стабильной и высокой урожайностью, устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам, повышенным содержанием белка, что делают эту культуру хорошим кормом для сельскохозяйственных животных. Исследовательская работа проводилась в Ярославской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии и Ярославском научно-исследовательском институте животноводства и кормопроизводства – филиале ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» в 2012–2018 годах. В статье изложены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований по усовершенствованию технологии возделывания озимой тритикале сорта Немчиновский 56 в условиях Нечернозёмной зоны РФ. Проведено изучение продуктивности озимой тритикале в зависимости от предшественников, фонов питания и норм высева. При изучении влияния предшественников было выявлено, что наилучшим является чистый пар — средняя урожайность составила 4,6 т/га; по занятому пару — 4,3 т/га и наименьшая урожайность — после многолетних трав — 4,1 т/га. Снижение урожайности по занятому пару и многолетним травам объясняется поглощением легкодоступного азота пожнивно-корневыми остатками, что повлияло и на качество зерна в сторону снижения содержания сырого протеина, клетчатки и жира. В среднем по уровню питания при внесении N100K100 была достигнута планируемая урожайность 5,0 т/га. При максимальном уровне питания (N150P40K140), рассчитанном на получение 6,0 т/га, урожайность составила 5,9 т/га. При изучении норм высева было выявлено, что средняя урожайность озимой тритикале с нормой высева 5,5 млн всхожих семян/га в среднем была существенно выше, чем при норме 6,5 млн всхожих семян/га (4,2 т/га), и составила 4,4 т/га. Снижение урожайности при посеве с более высокой нормой происходило вследствие затенения нижних ярусов листьев, их пожелтения и более раннего отмирания, что, в свою очередь, привело к снижению качества зерна. В статье также представлены данные по сбору питательных веществ: сухого вещества, обменной энергии, кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина. Being a valuable forage crop triticale has stable and high productivity as well as high protein content and resistance to stress-factors. The research took place at the Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy and Yaroslavl Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production in 2012–2018. This article reports on field and lab experiments aimed at improving cultivation technology of winter triticale (“Nemchinovskiy 56” variety) in the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. Triticale productivity was tested as affected by forecrop, nutrition and seeding rate. Triticale performed the best on the clean fallow field (4.6 t grain ha-1); its productivity dropped down to 4.3 t ha-1 on the seeded fallow field being the lowest after perennial grass cultivation — 4.1 t ha-1. Such a decrease in yield occurred due to the loss of readily available nitrogen to crop and root residues, affecting negatively crude protein, fiber, and fat concentrations in grain. Application of N100K100 provided the planned yield of 5.0 t ha-1. Triticale produced 5.9 t ha-1 of grain on the background of N150P40K140 compared to the planned yield of 6.0 t ha-1. Seeding rate of 5.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 resulted in significantly higher yield of 4.4 t ha-1, while 6.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 provided 4.2 t grain ha-1. Higher seeding rate led to lower grain quality due to leaf overshadowing, subsequent discoloration, and death. The article also reports on dry matter, exchange energy, feed unit and digestible protein contents.


Author(s):  
I.I. Senyk

Among the factors that determine the efficiency and success of the livestock industry is the science-based production of high quality feed. The solution to this problem is impossible without field feed production, engaged in the cultivation of annual mixtures. Among the large number of forage crops in the western forest-steppe are worthy of annual mixtures, in particular winter, which is highly valued for adaptability to growing conditions, especially in climate change. Despite the considerable part of the conducted researches on the development of technology of cultivation of winter forage crops, the question of optimization of their component composition and increase of stability of the most economically valuable species in the conditions of climate change remains relevant. Field studies were conducted in accordance with the common methods of forage production at the collection and research field of the Separate unit of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine «Zalishchyky Agricultural College. E. Khraplyvy» during 2016-2018. On the basis of the experimental data, the optimal elements of the technology of cultivation of agrophytocenoses of Pannonian Viking with rye winter and triticale winter for the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe were identified. It was found that the highest yield of 1 ha of fodder units and exchange energy among the grass-root mixtures (4.50 t and 62.8 GJ) was agrophytocenosis, which included the cultivation of Pannosk in the amount of 2.5 million / ha of similar seeds with winter rye - 75% of the total sowing rate in single-species sowing, and among the ex-tritical (5.09 t and 64.6 GJ) - variant with sowing of the same seeding rate of legume component and winter triticale - 25% of the total sowing rate in single-species sowing. Pannonian wiki seeds in both variants were treated before sowing growth promoter. The results of the research will help to strengthen the forage base for animal husbandry and increase the productivity of farm animals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Elena Vertikova ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev

The article characterizes the advantages of sudangrass, presents its comparative assessment, and gives recommendations for the cultivation of a new variety Evgeniya for seeds. Implementation of the program for the development of forage production in Russia and other countries implies not only the creation of new varieties but also the promotion of their introduction. This study aims to test the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass and refine the cultivation techniques for obtaining high-quality seeds in the Volga region. For a period of 2 years, we studied the new promising variety, new lines that were obtained during interspecific, intraspecific, and intervarietal crossings carried out in different years, and new varieties of sudangrass recommended for cultivation in the region. The Yubileinaya 20 and Zonalskaya 6 varieties of sudangrass were used as standards. Field studies were carried out in 2017-2019. It was found that the new variety Evgeniya was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. The variety had several biometric and biological features, such as thin stems and high yields, so we studied the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates not only on yield but on seed quality. To obtain the maximum yield of high-quality seeds, Evgeniya sudangrass must be sown with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 mln. viable seeds per hectare and row spacing of 30 cm.


Author(s):  
Л.П. Байкалова ◽  
Т.С. Власова

Полевые опыты проведены в 2017–2020 годах на опытном поле кафедры растениеводства и плодоовощеводства Красноярского государственного аграрного университета в УНПК «Борский» (Сухобузимский район Красноярского края), расположенном в лесостепной зоне. Посев многолетних бобовых трав был проведён в 2017 году. Люцерну гибридную высевали с нормами 5, 10, 15 и 20 кг/га, клевер луговой — с нормами высева 5, 10 и 15 кг/га. Контрольными были нормы высева, рекомендованные в лесостепной зоне Сибири для люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового, — 15 кг/га. Учёты урожайности зелёной массы проведены фазу цветения в 2018–2020 годах. Целью работы являлось определение эффективности производства кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при различных нормах высева. Доля влияния нормы высева на урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной составляла 25,8%, клевера лугового — 10,6%. Самый высокий вклад в рост урожайности зелёной массы вносило взаимодействие факторов «норма высева × год». Регулирование нормы высева при любых погодных условиях приводило к высокой реализации адаптивного потенциала многолетних бобовых трав и повышению урожайности зелёной массы. Максимальная урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной получена при высеве с нормой 5 кг/га, клевера лугового — при 15 кг/га. Производство кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при всех исследуемых нормах высева являлось рентабельным и экономически эффективным. Использование многолетних бобовых трав для производства зелёной массы при нормах высева, показавших максимальную урожайность, позволило снизить затраты на производство кормов за счёт роста урожайности и снижения себестоимости в сравнении с прочими исследуемыми нормами высева. Лучшей нормой высева люцерны гибридной с экономической точки зрения была норма 5 кг/га с рентабельностью 212,2%, клевера лугового — контрольная норма высева (15 кг/га) с рентабельностью 93,2% The field trial took place at the Department of Crop, Fruit and Vegetable Production of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2020. Perennial legume grasses were planted in 2017. Seeding rates of hybrid alfalfa were 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, red clover — 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1. Seeding rates recommended for Siberian forest-steppe were considered as standard — 15 kg ha-1. Green mass yield was calculated at flowering stage in 2018–2020. The research aimed at testing the effectiveness of forage production from alfalfa and clover under various seeding rates. Only 25.8% of alfalfa productivity and 10.6% of clover yield resulted from the effect of seeding rate. Seeding rate–year interaction had the highest impact on green mass production. Optimization of seeding rate led to higher crop adaptability and green mass yield regardless of weather conditions. The highest green mass productivity of alfalfa happened under the seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1, red clover — 15 kg ha-1. Fodder production from both hybrid alfalfa and clover was economically effective regardless of seeding rate. Perennial legume grasses decreased costs for feed production due to their yield increase and lower prime costs under the most effective seeding rates. The alfalfa seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1 was the most profitable, the payback amounted to 212.2%. Seeding 15 kg ha-1 of red clover resulted in payback of 93.2%


1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Juskiw ◽  
D. F. Salmon ◽  
J. H. Helm

Spring-planted winter cereals grown as monocrops or in mixture with spring cereals maintain yield and quality into late summer and fall, and can be used to replace or complement perennial pasture. Our objectives were to determine the response to clipping of spring-planted winter cereals, and to determine the effects of seeding rates and ratios of spring to winter cereals on this response. Monocrops of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Pika and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. Musketeer and mixtures of these cereals with the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Noble were evaluated. Tests were conducted from 1991 to 1993 at Botha and Lacombe, AB. Mixtures of spring:winter cereals were 0:100, 25:25, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 75:75 and 100:100 (Lacombe only), where the ratio of components represented the percentage of the base seeding rate of 250 seeds m−2. Biomass yields for triticale treatments (5.5 t ha−1 at Botha and 6.3 t ha−1 at Lacombe for the May to October growing season) were generally as high as for the rye treatments (5.9 t ha−1 at Botha and Lacombe); however, at Lacombe, spring regrowth after overwintering for triticale treatments was only 0.6 t ha−1 compared with 1.0 t ha−1 for rye treatments (LSD0.05 = 0.17). As little as 25% spring barley in a mixture ensured good early-season biomass yields, but more than 50% reduced late-season biomass yields. All treatments produced good-quality forage with protein >20%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) <45% and acid detergent fibre (ADF) <30%. Nitrate contents were frequently >0.5% at both sites in 1991 and 1992, especially for those treatments with spring barley. Key words: Winter triticale, winter rye, annual forage, biomass, forage quality


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document