Festulolium seed productivity as affected by seeding technique and rate in the forest-steppe of the Central Non-Chernozem region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Образцов ◽  
Д. Щедрина ◽  
С. Кадыров
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

В Центральном Черноземье большая часть кормов производится на пашне. В связи с этим эффективность животноводства зависит от стабильного обеспечения животных качественными и недорогими кормами. Наиболее доступными кормами являются многолетние травы. Внедрение новых видов и сортов нетрадиционных кормовых трав с улучшенными хозяйственно полезными признаками является важным резервом для кормопроизводства. Межродовой гибрид фестулолиум ценная кормовая культура для полевого и лугового травосеяния, которую можно использовать на зелёный корм, сено, силос, сенаж, а также при создании культурных сенокосов и пастбищ. В связи с этим для более широкого внедрения в производство требуется научная разработка приёмов возделывания, обеспечивающих получение высоких и устойчивых урожаев семян. Важными элементами технологии возделывания фестулолиума на семена являются норма высева семян и способ посева. В представленных исследованиях, проведённых в 20062009 годах, изучены биологические особенности и семенная продуктивность при использовании разных норм высева и обычного и черезрядного способов посева. По результатам проведённых исследований можно отметить, что посев фестулолиума рядовым (15 см) или черезрядным (30 см) способами с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га позволяет сформировать разреженный слабополегающий травостой. Ассимиляционный аппарат фестулолиума наиболее продуктивно ассимилировал при обычном и черезрядном способах посева с нормами высева 6,0 и 9,0 кг/га, о чём свидетельствует максимальное значение фотосинтетического потенциала 10291090 тыс. м2сут/га. Чрезмерное загущение посевов (до 12,0 кг/га) отрицательно сказалось на элементах структуры урожая, привело к полеганию растений, уменьшению их продуктивности. Установлено, что максимальная семенная продуктивность фестулолиума получена в травостоях с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га и густотой стояния 130133 шт./м2: при рядовом способе посева урожай семян в среднем за 3 года составил 604,3 кг/га, а при черезрядном 652,3 кг/га. In the Central Non-Chernozem region the greatest part of forage comes from grasslands. Stable production of high-quality and low-cost feeds is a key to effective Animal Husbandry. Perennial grasses are the most popular source of fodder. Introduction of new unconventional genotypes of such grasses carrying improved economically important traits is crucial for forage production. Festulolium intergeneric hybrid is a valuable crop that can be used to produce green forage, hay, silage, haylage as well as to maintain pastures and grasslands. Its large-scale cultivation requires new techniques providing high and stable yield. Seeding rate and pattern significantly affect festulolium performance. This paper reports on festulolium biological parameters and seed productivity analyzed in 20062009. Row and skip-row planting patterns as well as the seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 resulted in sparse lodging-resistant swards. Seeding rates of 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha-1 provided the highest photosynthetic potential 10291090 thousand m2days ha-1. High plant density (up to 12.0 kg ha-1) negatively affected festulolium performance and led to lodging. The seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 and festulolium density of 130133 plants/m2 resulted in the highest seed productivity: 604.3 and 652.3 kg ha-1 under row and skip-row planting patterns, respectively.

Forage production for dairy farming in terms of the Research Station “Poyma”

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
А.А. Анисимов ◽  
П.И. Комахин ◽  
В.Н. Золотарев
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Advanced Experience ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Silage Production

Важнейшей проблемой продовольственной безопасности страны является уровень обеспеченности населения молочными продуктами. В связи с этим большое значение имеет опыт работы передовых хозяйств такого профиля в определённых почвенно-климатических и природно-экологических условиях. ФГБУ «Опытная станция «Пойма» является одним из наиболее эффективных хозяйств в Московской области по производству молока. Общая площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий составляет 6135 га, из них 2000 га пашни. В структуре посевных площадей 95% и более занимают кормовые культуры, в том числе 12–14% — однолетние травы, 68–70% — многолетние травы и природные кормовые угодья, 15–16% — кукуруза на силос. Основное производство кормов сосредоточено на высокоплодородных пойменных землях, на долю которых приходится 84% кормовых угодий. В статье изложены результаты системного применения достижений науки и передового опыта по стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов. Проведён анализ состояния кормопроизводства и животноводства хозяйства с 1982 по 2020 год, освещены научные подходы к увеличению производства кормов и животноводческой продукции. Системное освоение передовых научных разработок по созданию высокопродуктивных кормовых посевов и стабильному производству высококачественных объёмистых кормов, их рациональному хранению и использованию, техническая модернизация позволили увеличить среднегодовой надой на корову с 4079 до 9708 кг, или более чем в 2,3 раза, при одновременном снижении расхода кормов на 1 кг молока с 1,37 до 0,90 корм. ед. при повышении рентабельности с 16 до 28%. Food safety of the country is highly affected by the availability of milk products. Therefore, the experience of leading farms is of great importance under certain environmental conditions. The Research Station “Poyma” is one of the leading milk producers in the Moscow region. Its fields occupy around 6135 ha. The proportion of forage crops amounts to 95% including 12–14% of annual grasses, 68–70% of perennial grasses and natural forage lands as well as 15–16% of maize for silage production. 84% of the total cultivation area are high-fertile floodlands. This article focuses on the application of the latest scientific findings and advanced experience for stable production of high-quality bulk fodder. The efficiency of forage production and Animal Husbandry was analyzed in the period from 1982 to 2020. The methods and practices were reviewed to optimize forage and animal product resources. Average annual milk yield was improved from 4079 to 9708 kg per cow, or by more than 2.3 times due to the introduction of the latest findings into the production process including the cultivation of high-productive forage crops, stabilization of bulk fodder supplies, feed effective storage and use. Forage consumption dropped from 1.37 to 0.90 feed units for the production of 1 kg of milk, payback increased from 16 to 28%.

Effect of plant density on the expression of the creeping-rooted character and forage yield of the lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivar Cancreep

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Daday ◽  
A Grassia ◽  
J Peak
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of plant density, grass competition and weedicide spraying on the expression of the creeping-rooted character, crown development and on forage production of Cancreep were investigated in swards of hand-planted seedlings, and in a sown experiment. Higher percentages of creeping-rooted plants and increased crown development were found at low plant density whereas high plant density suppressed both creep and crown development. Weedicide spraying treatments increased the percentage of creeping plants in the sown experiment. The best survival rates of cocksfoot and optimum expressions of creep were also found at low densities when these species were grown in competition. The minimum mean crown diameter of plants initiating creep was 9.4 cm in the planted experiment. No significant difference was found between forage production of Cancreep and Hunter River in the sown experiment. The optimum sowing rate for Cancreep is about one kg ha-1, rows 30 cm to 60 cm apart and an application of the weedicide Diuron is recommended before the commencement of the winter after establishment.

scholarly journals Influence of elements of growing technology on the process of chlorophyles synthesis in feed beet leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fodder Beet

The results of research about the influence of fertilizing level and plant density on the chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the studies, it was found that fertilizers application and plant density affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of fodder beets. The absolute values of total chlorophyll content in the leaves of fodder beet hybrids were generally different. It was highest in the leaves of the hybrid Centaur Poly with an index in July - 1.25-1.56 mg on g, in August - 2.26-3.03, in September - 5.22-6.62 mg on g. Based on the conducted researches, the close correlation between the process of chlorophyll synthesis and the yield of the leaves has been established. A strong relationship between the traits was formed in all periods of the growing season. The even correlation coefficient was: in July - 0.805; August - 0.867; September - 0.858.

scholarly journals A new model of two-sown regime for oat forage production in an alpine region of northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longyu Hou ◽  
Wenming Bai ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Hailian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
New Model

Abstract Demand for high forage production and quality of oat (Avena sativa L., A nuda L.) by animal husbandry has increased in recent years, especially in the cold regions of northern China, because these regions are the traditional animal husbandry base. To maximize high quality of forage production, we developed a new model of two-sown regime for oat forage during a single growing season in an alpine region of Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, using two early-matured oat species, Avena sativa (cv. Qinghai444, winner oat cultivar) and A. nuda (cv. Huazao2, spring oat cultivar). The key technologies and corresponding mechanisms in the first spring-sown and the second summer-sown were studied by measuring agronomic characteristics and forage quality and production. Furthermore, forage production and quality, resources use efficiency, and economic benefits were compared and quantified between two-sown regime and traditional one-sown regime across three consecutive years (2017–2019). We found that 1) the first sowing in spring was done when the thawing depth of soil at 10–13 cm occurred, and the forage yield was mainly achieved by an increase in plant height; 2) The second sowing after harvesting the first sowing oat forage was made in summer under no-tillage treatment, with the yield being mainly due to an increase in tiller density by increasing seeding rate; 3) Compared to traditional one-sown regime, dry weight yield, crude protein yield and relative feed value were significantly increased by 53.6%, 48.9% and 70.6% across three experimental years of 2017–2019, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the two-sown regime of oat is an effectively way in improving forage production and quality as well as increasing benefits in an alpine region of northern China.

Grassland management as the factor increasing the effectiveness of swards in the Magadan region

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Я.Д. Фандеева ◽  
Н.В. Федосова
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Использующаяся на сегодняшний день в хозяйствах Магаданской области система кормопроизводства не покрывает потребностей животноводческого комплекса в полной мере и в большинстве случаев ограничивается выращиванием силосных культур, корнеплодов и однолетних трав, в частности овса. Посевы однолетних кормовых трав позволяют получать в благоприятные по погодным условиям периоды довольно высокие урожаи, но отличаются крайне нестабильной продуктивностью по годам, что исключает их использование как основу для развития системы регионального кормопроизводства. В статье приводится анализ результатов многолетних исследований, проводимых в ФГБНУ «Магаданский НИИСХ», по разработке адаптивных технологий кормопроизводства аборигенных многолетних трав и формированию на их основе устойчивых, продуктивных и долголетних лугов. В основу региональной практики вошли пять видов дикорастущих многолетних злаковых трав: арктагростис широколистный (Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Brown) Griseb.), бекмания восточная (Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudal) Fern.), лисохвост тростниковый (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. (A. ventricosus Pers.), колосняк мягкий (Leymus mollis (Trinius) Hara), арктомятлик высокий (Arctopoa altus). Характерной особенностью этих видов, наряду с высокими качественными и количественными показателями продуктивности, является их приспособленность к суровым условиям Севера. Использование аборигенных трав в системе местного кормопроизводства позволит значительно сократить материальные затраты на регулярную закупку кормов и семян кормовых трав, увеличить экологический ареал эффективного луговодства за счёт их высокой способности к адаптации в сложных местных условиях на фоне снижения антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду. Формирование лугов на основе долголетних, нередко длиннокорневищных северных экотипов многолетних трав, создающих плотную дернину, с густым высоким травостоем с преобладанием при регулярной подкормке вегетативных побегов, наряду с обеспечением отрасли животноводства полноценными кормами собственного производства позволит защитить почву от деградации, воздействия водной и ветровой эрозии. Currently the sphere of forage production doesn’t fully satisfy the needs of animal husbandry in the Magadan region and mostly provides silage, root crops and perennial grasses such as oats. Annual crops produce rather high yields but only under favorable conditions. This article reports on the long-term investigation conducted at the Magadan Agricultural Research Institute. The aim was to develop a cultivation technique for wild perennial grasses to obtain stable and high-productive swards. Five wild gramineous were used in the experiment: Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Brown) Griseb., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudal) Fern., Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. (A. ventricosus Pers.), Leymus mollis (Trinius) Hara, Arctopoa altus. Along with high forage quality and productivity these species are well adapted to severe northern environment. Introduction of wild grasses into local forage production system is able to reduce significantly purchase costs for forage and seeds, broaden the area of grassland management due to their high resistance, and decrease anthropogenic impact on the environment. Northern ecotypes of perennial grasses often have long roots forming dense sod layers and tall swards with high proportion of vegetative shoots under regular fertilization. These qualities can protect soil from degradation as well as water and wind erosions.

Effect of cultivation technology on productivity and grain quality of “Nemchinovskiy 56” winter triticale in the Non-Chernozem region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.С. Цвик ◽  
Т.П. Сабирова ◽  
С.И. Костенко
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Тритикале обладает стабильной и высокой урожайностью, устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам, повышенным содержанием белка, что делают эту культуру хорошим кормом для сельскохозяйственных животных. Исследовательская работа проводилась в Ярославской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии и Ярославском научно-исследовательском институте животноводства и кормопроизводства – филиале ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» в 2012–2018 годах. В статье изложены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований по усовершенствованию технологии возделывания озимой тритикале сорта Немчиновский 56 в условиях Нечернозёмной зоны РФ. Проведено изучение продуктивности озимой тритикале в зависимости от предшественников, фонов питания и норм высева. При изучении влияния предшественников было выявлено, что наилучшим является чистый пар — средняя урожайность составила 4,6 т/га; по занятому пару — 4,3 т/га и наименьшая урожайность — после многолетних трав — 4,1 т/га. Снижение урожайности по занятому пару и многолетним травам объясняется поглощением легкодоступного азота пожнивно-корневыми остатками, что повлияло и на качество зерна в сторону снижения содержания сырого протеина, клетчатки и жира. В среднем по уровню питания при внесении N100K100 была достигнута планируемая урожайность 5,0 т/га. При максимальном уровне питания (N150P40K140), рассчитанном на получение 6,0 т/га, урожайность составила 5,9 т/га. При изучении норм высева было выявлено, что средняя урожайность озимой тритикале с нормой высева 5,5 млн всхожих семян/га в среднем была существенно выше, чем при норме 6,5 млн всхожих семян/га (4,2 т/га), и составила 4,4 т/га. Снижение урожайности при посеве с более высокой нормой происходило вследствие затенения нижних ярусов листьев, их пожелтения и более раннего отмирания, что, в свою очередь, привело к снижению качества зерна. В статье также представлены данные по сбору питательных веществ: сухого вещества, обменной энергии, кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина. Being a valuable forage crop triticale has stable and high productivity as well as high protein content and resistance to stress-factors. The research took place at the Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy and Yaroslavl Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production in 2012–2018. This article reports on field and lab experiments aimed at improving cultivation technology of winter triticale (“Nemchinovskiy 56” variety) in the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. Triticale productivity was tested as affected by forecrop, nutrition and seeding rate. Triticale performed the best on the clean fallow field (4.6 t grain ha-1); its productivity dropped down to 4.3 t ha-1 on the seeded fallow field being the lowest after perennial grass cultivation — 4.1 t ha-1. Such a decrease in yield occurred due to the loss of readily available nitrogen to crop and root residues, affecting negatively crude protein, fiber, and fat concentrations in grain. Application of N100K100 provided the planned yield of 5.0 t ha-1. Triticale produced 5.9 t ha-1 of grain on the background of N150P40K140 compared to the planned yield of 6.0 t ha-1. Seeding rate of 5.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 resulted in significantly higher yield of 4.4 t ha-1, while 6.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 provided 4.2 t grain ha-1. Higher seeding rate led to lower grain quality due to leaf overshadowing, subsequent discoloration, and death. The article also reports on dry matter, exchange energy, feed unit and digestible protein contents.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Density on the Yield of Sunflower Hybrid’s in 2001-2002

2003 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
András Szabó ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
László Zsombik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Diaporthe Helianthi ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Nowadays, for increasing efficiency of sunflower production treating hybrid-specific technologies was required. Increasing of hybrid choice gave reasons for trials in respects of critical factors, as well as in case of genotype-enviroment interactions. The effect of changing plant density show up as determinant factor which affects on yield as well as on plant hygienic conditions. Trials were established on calcareous chernozem soil (Hajdú-Bihar county), in 2001-2002. The field trials were randomized, in four repetition on small parcels. The plant density trials were established in 35.000-75.000 plant/hectar interval using a scale of 10.000 plant/hectar. 10 hybrids were used in both year.In 2001, 55.000 plant/hectar density was the optimal, in case of most of the hybrids. The yield of tested hybrids did not show significant difference. Yield decreasing effect of using less than optimal density was more significant than in case of using optimal plant density. In 2002, the optimal density was in 45.000-65.000 plant/hectar interval, there was no possibility to find narrower optimum.Presence of Diaporthe helianthi and the damage caused by the pathogen was significant in 1997-1999, whereas in 2001-2002 the large-scale appearance of the pathogen did not occur. In 2001, the affect of high plant density on disease caused by Diaporthe helianthi showed just tendency-like appearance, in 2002, the infection showed up just in the end of the vegetation period, without significant damage. In spite of the low infection level, the difference between the infection of the diverse plant density treatment was significant. Increasing plant density made increase the frequency of the Diaporthe helianthi infection. The rate of the flower diseases was around 3-16% in 2001, the highest infection level emerged in 65.000-75.000 plant/hectar density, whereas in 2002, the rate of infection level was less than 10%. The increasing plant density helped the development of flower diseases.

scholarly journals FEED PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER FEED AGROPHYTOCENOSIS, DEPENDING ON THE FACTORS OF FARMING TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
I.I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Forage Crops

Among the factors that determine the efficiency and success of the livestock industry is the science-based production of high quality feed. The solution to this problem is impossible without field feed production, engaged in the cultivation of annual mixtures. Among the large number of forage crops in the western forest-steppe are worthy of annual mixtures, in particular winter, which is highly valued for adaptability to growing conditions, especially in climate change. Despite the considerable part of the conducted researches on the development of technology of cultivation of winter forage crops, the question of optimization of their component composition and increase of stability of the most economically valuable species in the conditions of climate change remains relevant. Field studies were conducted in accordance with the common methods of forage production at the collection and research field of the Separate unit of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine «Zalishchyky Agricultural College. E. Khraplyvy» during 2016-2018. On the basis of the experimental data, the optimal elements of the technology of cultivation of agrophytocenoses of Pannonian Viking with rye winter and triticale winter for the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe were identified. It was found that the highest yield of 1 ha of fodder units and exchange energy among the grass-root mixtures (4.50 t and 62.8 GJ) was agrophytocenosis, which included the cultivation of Pannosk in the amount of 2.5 million / ha of similar seeds with winter rye - 75% of the total sowing rate in single-species sowing, and among the ex-tritical (5.09 t and 64.6 GJ) - variant with sowing of the same seeding rate of legume component and winter triticale - 25% of the total sowing rate in single-species sowing. Pannonian wiki seeds in both variants were treated before sowing growth promoter. The results of the research will help to strengthen the forage base for animal husbandry and increase the productivity of farm animals.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Activity of Cup Plant Depending on the Method of Seeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina P. Chupina ◽  
Aleksandr F. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Farming

Biological farming throughout the world is becoming a necessity for the production of safe products, and the preservation of fertility and biodiversity. In this direction, there is a significant interest of the scientific community in the perennial culture – cup plant. The cup plant has a wide range of uses in economic activities and due to its high resistance to diseases and pests, the long-term use of its plantations without replanting, and the accumulation of a significant mass of organic matter in the soil, it can be used to expand the species diversity of perennial grasses in the biological farming system. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the seeding method and seeding rate on photosynthetic activity and dry matter productivity of the cup plant in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. It was found that with an ordinary method of sowing at a seeding rate of 4 million pcs/ha, the grass stand in the first cut had the highest rates of photosynthetic activity on average over the years of research: the leaf area was 14.8 m2 /m2 , the photosynthetic potential was 4.0 million m2 day/ha and the net productivity of photosynthesis was 2.0 g/m2 ⋅ day. In the second cut, the figures were 8.4 m2 /m2 , 1.9 million m2 day/ha and 2.8 g/m2 ⋅ day, respectively. The optimal density of herbage and active photosynthetic activity in the cup plant using this method of sowing contributed to a significant yield of dry matter of 12.6 t/ha with a high level of PAR absorption of 2.9%. Keywords: cup plant, yield, photosynthesis, sowing method

The effectiveness of forage production from hybrid alfalfa and red clover under various seeding rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Л.П. Байкалова ◽  
Т.С. Власова
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Полевые опыты проведены в 2017–2020 годах на опытном поле кафедры растениеводства и плодоовощеводства Красноярского государственного аграрного университета в УНПК «Борский» (Сухобузимский район Красноярского края), расположенном в лесостепной зоне. Посев многолетних бобовых трав был проведён в 2017 году. Люцерну гибридную высевали с нормами 5, 10, 15 и 20 кг/га, клевер луговой — с нормами высева 5, 10 и 15 кг/га. Контрольными были нормы высева, рекомендованные в лесостепной зоне Сибири для люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового, — 15 кг/га. Учёты урожайности зелёной массы проведены фазу цветения в 2018–2020 годах. Целью работы являлось определение эффективности производства кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при различных нормах высева. Доля влияния нормы высева на урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной составляла 25,8%, клевера лугового — 10,6%. Самый высокий вклад в рост урожайности зелёной массы вносило взаимодействие факторов «норма высева × год». Регулирование нормы высева при любых погодных условиях приводило к высокой реализации адаптивного потенциала многолетних бобовых трав и повышению урожайности зелёной массы. Максимальная урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной получена при высеве с нормой 5 кг/га, клевера лугового — при 15 кг/га. Производство кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при всех исследуемых нормах высева являлось рентабельным и экономически эффективным. Использование многолетних бобовых трав для производства зелёной массы при нормах высева, показавших максимальную урожайность, позволило снизить затраты на производство кормов за счёт роста урожайности и снижения себестоимости в сравнении с прочими исследуемыми нормами высева. Лучшей нормой высева люцерны гибридной с экономической точки зрения была норма 5 кг/га с рентабельностью 212,2%, клевера лугового — контрольная норма высева (15 кг/га) с рентабельностью 93,2% The field trial took place at the Department of Crop, Fruit and Vegetable Production of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2020. Perennial legume grasses were planted in 2017. Seeding rates of hybrid alfalfa were 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, red clover — 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1. Seeding rates recommended for Siberian forest-steppe were considered as standard — 15 kg ha-1. Green mass yield was calculated at flowering stage in 2018–2020. The research aimed at testing the effectiveness of forage production from alfalfa and clover under various seeding rates. Only 25.8% of alfalfa productivity and 10.6% of clover yield resulted from the effect of seeding rate. Seeding rate–year interaction had the highest impact on green mass production. Optimization of seeding rate led to higher crop adaptability and green mass yield regardless of weather conditions. The highest green mass productivity of alfalfa happened under the seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1, red clover — 15 kg ha-1. Fodder production from both hybrid alfalfa and clover was economically effective regardless of seeding rate. Perennial legume grasses decreased costs for feed production due to their yield increase and lower prime costs under the most effective seeding rates. The alfalfa seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1 was the most profitable, the payback amounted to 212.2%. Seeding 15 kg ha-1 of red clover resulted in payback of 93.2%

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