scholarly journals A new model of two-sown regime for oat forage production in an alpine region of northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longyu Hou ◽  
Wenming Bai ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Hailian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
New Model

Abstract Demand for high forage production and quality of oat (Avena sativa L., A nuda L.) by animal husbandry has increased in recent years, especially in the cold regions of northern China, because these regions are the traditional animal husbandry base. To maximize high quality of forage production, we developed a new model of two-sown regime for oat forage during a single growing season in an alpine region of Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, using two early-matured oat species, Avena sativa (cv. Qinghai444, winner oat cultivar) and A. nuda (cv. Huazao2, spring oat cultivar). The key technologies and corresponding mechanisms in the first spring-sown and the second summer-sown were studied by measuring agronomic characteristics and forage quality and production. Furthermore, forage production and quality, resources use efficiency, and economic benefits were compared and quantified between two-sown regime and traditional one-sown regime across three consecutive years (2017–2019). We found that 1) the first sowing in spring was done when the thawing depth of soil at 10–13 cm occurred, and the forage yield was mainly achieved by an increase in plant height; 2) The second sowing after harvesting the first sowing oat forage was made in summer under no-tillage treatment, with the yield being mainly due to an increase in tiller density by increasing seeding rate; 3) Compared to traditional one-sown regime, dry weight yield, crude protein yield and relative feed value were significantly increased by 53.6%, 48.9% and 70.6% across three experimental years of 2017–2019, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the two-sown regime of oat is an effectively way in improving forage production and quality as well as increasing benefits in an alpine region of northern China.

Short-lived intercrop forages affect long-term yields of alfalfa and wildrye grass mixtures

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Widely seeded rows (>60 cm) of perennial grasses have exhibited greater long-term yield stability, but allow weed invasion in the first years after establishment. A 9-yr study was conducted at a semiarid site at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the effects of intercropping oats (Avena sativa L.) and slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners] between rows of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], and Altai wildrye [Leymus angustus (Trin) Pilger] seeded in 90-cm spacings either alone or in alternate rows with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two rows of oats depressed grass forage production in the year following establishment. Slender wheatgrass intercrops reduced grass forage yield and alfalfa forage yield. However, slender wheatgrass contributed to increased total forage yields while it persisted in the mixture. By the fifth year, it had disappeared from the Russian wildrye plots but persisted 2 more years when intercropped with Altai wildrye. Interseeded companion crops, either annual or short-lived perennials, for forage will give short-term yield gains, but long-lived perennial forages may not recover from the competition in the long-term. Key words: Avena sativa, Elymus trachycaulus, Psathyrostachys juncea, Leymus angustus, Medicago sativa, forage yield

Festulolium seed productivity as affected by seeding technique and rate in the forest-steppe of the Central Non-Chernozem region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Образцов ◽  
Д. Щедрина ◽  
С. Кадыров
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

В Центральном Черноземье большая часть кормов производится на пашне. В связи с этим эффективность животноводства зависит от стабильного обеспечения животных качественными и недорогими кормами. Наиболее доступными кормами являются многолетние травы. Внедрение новых видов и сортов нетрадиционных кормовых трав с улучшенными хозяйственно полезными признаками является важным резервом для кормопроизводства. Межродовой гибрид фестулолиум ценная кормовая культура для полевого и лугового травосеяния, которую можно использовать на зелёный корм, сено, силос, сенаж, а также при создании культурных сенокосов и пастбищ. В связи с этим для более широкого внедрения в производство требуется научная разработка приёмов возделывания, обеспечивающих получение высоких и устойчивых урожаев семян. Важными элементами технологии возделывания фестулолиума на семена являются норма высева семян и способ посева. В представленных исследованиях, проведённых в 20062009 годах, изучены биологические особенности и семенная продуктивность при использовании разных норм высева и обычного и черезрядного способов посева. По результатам проведённых исследований можно отметить, что посев фестулолиума рядовым (15 см) или черезрядным (30 см) способами с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га позволяет сформировать разреженный слабополегающий травостой. Ассимиляционный аппарат фестулолиума наиболее продуктивно ассимилировал при обычном и черезрядном способах посева с нормами высева 6,0 и 9,0 кг/га, о чём свидетельствует максимальное значение фотосинтетического потенциала 10291090 тыс. м2сут/га. Чрезмерное загущение посевов (до 12,0 кг/га) отрицательно сказалось на элементах структуры урожая, привело к полеганию растений, уменьшению их продуктивности. Установлено, что максимальная семенная продуктивность фестулолиума получена в травостоях с нормой высева 6,0 кг/га и густотой стояния 130133 шт./м2: при рядовом способе посева урожай семян в среднем за 3 года составил 604,3 кг/га, а при черезрядном 652,3 кг/га. In the Central Non-Chernozem region the greatest part of forage comes from grasslands. Stable production of high-quality and low-cost feeds is a key to effective Animal Husbandry. Perennial grasses are the most popular source of fodder. Introduction of new unconventional genotypes of such grasses carrying improved economically important traits is crucial for forage production. Festulolium intergeneric hybrid is a valuable crop that can be used to produce green forage, hay, silage, haylage as well as to maintain pastures and grasslands. Its large-scale cultivation requires new techniques providing high and stable yield. Seeding rate and pattern significantly affect festulolium performance. This paper reports on festulolium biological parameters and seed productivity analyzed in 20062009. Row and skip-row planting patterns as well as the seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 resulted in sparse lodging-resistant swards. Seeding rates of 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha-1 provided the highest photosynthetic potential 10291090 thousand m2days ha-1. High plant density (up to 12.0 kg ha-1) negatively affected festulolium performance and led to lodging. The seeding rate of 6.0 kg ha-1 and festulolium density of 130133 plants/m2 resulted in the highest seed productivity: 604.3 and 652.3 kg ha-1 under row and skip-row planting patterns, respectively.

Effect of cultivation technology on productivity and grain quality of “Nemchinovskiy 56” winter triticale in the Non-Chernozem region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.С. Цвик ◽  
Т.П. Сабирова ◽  
С.И. Костенко
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Fallow Field ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Тритикале обладает стабильной и высокой урожайностью, устойчивостью к стрессовым факторам, повышенным содержанием белка, что делают эту культуру хорошим кормом для сельскохозяйственных животных. Исследовательская работа проводилась в Ярославской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии и Ярославском научно-исследовательском институте животноводства и кормопроизводства – филиале ФНЦ «ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса» в 2012–2018 годах. В статье изложены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований по усовершенствованию технологии возделывания озимой тритикале сорта Немчиновский 56 в условиях Нечернозёмной зоны РФ. Проведено изучение продуктивности озимой тритикале в зависимости от предшественников, фонов питания и норм высева. При изучении влияния предшественников было выявлено, что наилучшим является чистый пар — средняя урожайность составила 4,6 т/га; по занятому пару — 4,3 т/га и наименьшая урожайность — после многолетних трав — 4,1 т/га. Снижение урожайности по занятому пару и многолетним травам объясняется поглощением легкодоступного азота пожнивно-корневыми остатками, что повлияло и на качество зерна в сторону снижения содержания сырого протеина, клетчатки и жира. В среднем по уровню питания при внесении N100K100 была достигнута планируемая урожайность 5,0 т/га. При максимальном уровне питания (N150P40K140), рассчитанном на получение 6,0 т/га, урожайность составила 5,9 т/га. При изучении норм высева было выявлено, что средняя урожайность озимой тритикале с нормой высева 5,5 млн всхожих семян/га в среднем была существенно выше, чем при норме 6,5 млн всхожих семян/га (4,2 т/га), и составила 4,4 т/га. Снижение урожайности при посеве с более высокой нормой происходило вследствие затенения нижних ярусов листьев, их пожелтения и более раннего отмирания, что, в свою очередь, привело к снижению качества зерна. В статье также представлены данные по сбору питательных веществ: сухого вещества, обменной энергии, кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина. Being a valuable forage crop triticale has stable and high productivity as well as high protein content and resistance to stress-factors. The research took place at the Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy and Yaroslavl Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Forage Production in 2012–2018. This article reports on field and lab experiments aimed at improving cultivation technology of winter triticale (“Nemchinovskiy 56” variety) in the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. Triticale productivity was tested as affected by forecrop, nutrition and seeding rate. Triticale performed the best on the clean fallow field (4.6 t grain ha-1); its productivity dropped down to 4.3 t ha-1 on the seeded fallow field being the lowest after perennial grass cultivation — 4.1 t ha-1. Such a decrease in yield occurred due to the loss of readily available nitrogen to crop and root residues, affecting negatively crude protein, fiber, and fat concentrations in grain. Application of N100K100 provided the planned yield of 5.0 t ha-1. Triticale produced 5.9 t ha-1 of grain on the background of N150P40K140 compared to the planned yield of 6.0 t ha-1. Seeding rate of 5.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 resulted in significantly higher yield of 4.4 t ha-1, while 6.5 million germinated seeds ha-1 provided 4.2 t grain ha-1. Higher seeding rate led to lower grain quality due to leaf overshadowing, subsequent discoloration, and death. The article also reports on dry matter, exchange energy, feed unit and digestible protein contents.

Yield estimation of forage oat (Avena sativa L.) Chihuahua variety: ruler and plate methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Iban Mendoza-Pedroza ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Espinoza ◽  
Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
Eliseo Sosa-Montes ◽  
M. Á. Maldonado-Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Rule Method ◽  
Linear Regressions

Objetive: To analyze forage estimations with the direct method and the plant height. Diseño/Metodología/Aproximación: The treatments were the plants age, assessed in a random block design, with three repetitions. Simple linear regressions were carried out and adjusted using the SPSS statistical software. Resultados: The highest and lowest yields occurred at 105 and 30 days after sowing (DAS), with 5,412 and 783 kg DM ha-1, respectively. Height with the rule had a significant effect on forage production, with an R2 of 0.83. For each increase per cm the plants increased 56,134 kg DM ha-1. The height with the plate had an R2 of 0.97, so that 65.032 kg DM ha-1 are produced for each cm in height. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: None Hallazgos/conclusiones: The forage accumulation in Avena sativa L., var. Chihuahua varied depending on the age of the plant. The heights calculated with the plate method, had greater reliability for the forage yield estimate, compared to the graduated rule method.

scholarly journals Dual purpose wheat production with different levels of nitrogen topdressing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éderson Luis Henz ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gois de Almeida ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
José Laerte Nörnberg ◽  
Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Additions

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.

scholarly journals Influence of Cutting Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Forage Yield, and Quality of Sudan Grass in a Semiarid Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. J. L. Ziki ◽  
E. M. I. Zeidan ◽  
A. Y. A. El-Banna ◽  
A. E. A. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Shortage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cut Quality ◽  
Almost All

Sudan grass is less sensitive to water shortage and produces large amounts of biomass. For these reasons, it is a promising summer forage crop for arid and semiarid regions where natural pastures are rare and water scarcity limits summer forage production. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of cutting date (early and late, for three cuts) and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (35, 70, and 105 kg N/ha/cut) on Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.). The study was carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, during 2016 and 2017 summer seasons using a split-plot design. The results obtained revealed significant differences between the two cutting dates on growth, forage yield, and quality of Sudan grass. The late cutting date (56 days after sowing DAS and 42 days after the 1st cut) gave the highest values for almost all the growth characters, dry forage yield in addition to total dry yield (TDY) in both seasons. The highest number of shoots/plant (1.911), leaf area/plant (2841.6 cm2), and dry forage weight (g)/plant (76.65 g) were obtained by late cutting (56 DAS) with the application of 105 kg N/ha/cut. The lowest values of these characters were recorded with 35 kg N/ha/cut. Quality parameters were significantly affected by N levels during both seasons, while cutting date significantly affected the protein yield (kg/ha). The interaction result apparently indicated that the highest dry forage yield of Sudan grass (16.26 ton/ha) was achievable at the 1st cut with the application of the highest N level (105 kg N/ha/cut).

scholarly journals Forage yield, rate of CO 2 assimilation, and quality of temperate annual forage species grown under artificial shading conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Angela Bernardon ◽  
Ricardo Beffart Aiolfi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Artificial Shading ◽  
Wooden Structures

ABSTRACT: In this study, it was evaluated the effect of shade on forage yield, rate of CO2 assimilation, and the quality of annual ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. 'BRS Ponteio' and black oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. 'IAPAR 61', grown under three shading conditions (0%, 25%, and 50% shade) using slatted wooden structures. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Slatted structures were efficient in simulating the proposed shading conditions. Shading plants significantly decreased forage yield and CO2 assimilation by both species. Ryegrass cv. 'BRS Ponteio' performed better under shade, with higher forage production under all shading conditions. Rate of CO2 assimilation was reduced by 13 and 22 percentage points compared to the same species grown in the open field (0% shade), under 25% and 50% shade, respectively. These shading conditions did not affect crude protein (CP) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, or the leaf:stem (L:S) ratio compared to those grown in the open field. Between the species evaluated, ryegrass had the greatest potential for use as forage in a silvopastoral system.

scholarly journals Estudio comparativo de la densidad de siembra y su efecto sobre la producción de forraje y calidad nutricional de pastos perennes asociados, en condiciones alto andinas del Perú

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Alberto Gilmer Arias-Arredondo ◽  
◽  
César Enrique Pantoja-Aliaga ◽  
Juancarlos Alejandro Cruz Luis ◽  
Alfonso Atanacio Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
National University ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The study was carried out in the central highlands of Peru at 3,900 meters above sea level, in the Casaracra experimental center of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, where the objective was to determine and analyze the forage yield and nutritional quality of the associated grasses in different density is sowing. In forage production, the values of green matter and dry matter and the percentage of dry matter were determined; in nutritional quality, the nutritional variables% PT, %NDF, %FDA, % Ca and% P were analyzed. a completely randomized design was used. The results for forage yield for treatment 1 in MV was 3.54 kg / m2 and DM 0.68 kg / m2, in treatment 2 in MV it was 2.61 kg / m2 and DM 0.72 kg / m2, for treatment 3 in MV it was 3.07 kg / m2 and DM 0.98 kg / m2 and finally in treatment 4 the MV was 2.48 kg / m2 and DM 0.93 kg / m2. The nutritional quality for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 in% PT (15.56, 15.21, 6.81 and 5.37), % FDN (48.85, 43.82, 43.34 and 41.89), % FDA (28.82, 26.31, 27.27 and 24.43), % Ca (0.86, 0.80, 0.33 and 0.17), %P (0.25, 0.24, 0.18 and 0.07) respectively. Where it is concluded that treatment 4 showed acceptable fiber content in sheep feeding.

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