The Relation between Root Growth along Observation Tubes and in Bulk Soil

2015 ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vos ◽  
J. Groenwold
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Soil

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of Hordeum vulgare, Brassica napus and Vicia faba in Worm and Root type Biopore Sheaths

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Petzoldt ◽  
Bärbel Kroschewski ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bulk Soil

Abstract Aims Biopores offer favorable chemical, biological and physical properties for root growth in untilled soil layers. There they are considered as nutrient “hotspots” with preferential root growth. However, the literature lacks a quantification of metabolic activity due to nutrient acquisition of main crops while growing in the biopore sheath. Methods A pot experiment was performed to map the metabolic activity of roots, as indicated by pH change. The roots of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were growing through the biopore sheath influenced by an earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) or a taproot (Cichorium intybus L.), in comparison to subsoil without a pore (bulk soil). pH sensitive planar optodes were applied in order to image a planar section of the sheath, while preserving an intact biopore sheath during the experiment. Results Roots were first found in the field of view in worm biopore then root biopore and bulk soil. At time of the first measurement the pH value was highest in worm biopore sheath (LS-Mean±SEM: 7.16a±0.11), followed by root biopore sheath (6.99ab±0.12) and bulk soil (6.61b±0.12). In spring oilseed rape a significant alkalization (+0.80 Δ pH) was found over time in bulk soil. Faba bean significantly acidified the root biopore sheath (-0.73 Δ pH). Spring barley showed no significant pH changes. Conclusions The results of the current study reveal a trend of faster root growth through biopores and a higher initial pH value in the biopore sheaths compared to the bulk soil. Biopores serve not only as an elongation path for roots, but their sheaths also provide an environment for root activity in the subsoil.

Effects of direct drilling and reduced cultivation on soil conditions for root growth

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Q Cannell ◽  
J R Finney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Uncultivated Soil ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Indirect Relationship

The two aspects of soil conditions and root growth in reduced cultivation systems are reviewed. Generally, an uncultivated soil is characterized by increased mechanical strength, reduced porosity greater moisture, more organic matter and structural stability at the surface, more earthworms and the development of nutrient gradients. Effects on root growth are much more variable and reflect the indirect relationship that exists between bulk soil properties and root growth.

scholarly journals Root Distribution of Brassica napus and Vicia faba within the Sheath of Root or Earthworm Biopore

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Lisa Petzoldt ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pore Types

Root growth through biopores is facilitated by low mechanical impedance and nutrient enrichment due to the deposition of organic material at the biopore sheath. Plant roots and earthworms impact biopore sheath properties differently. However, the literature lacks a quantitative study of the root distribution within the sheath of pores, which were originated by taproots or earthworms. According to previous literature on pore connectivity, it can be hypothesized that precrops encourage root growth into the biopore sheath in comparison to an earthworm characterized sheath. A pot experiment was performed to compare the root distribution of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) within the biopore sheath of two different biopore types. The biopore sheath was characterized by taprooted chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) or anecic earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.). Roots were sampled at the biopore lumen and at lateral distances of 0–2, 2–4, 4–8 (sheath) and 20–36 mm (bulk soil) from the biopore wall surface. In both pore types >50% of the root length (cm) and >70% fine roots of oilseed rape were found in a comparatively small soil area (Lumen + 2 mm). On the contrary, faba bean grew primarily through the bulk soil with >75% root length and rarely into the biopore sheath in both pore types. In both species there was a lateral decrease of the total nitrogen (Nt)-content from biopore wall (Mean ± SE: 0.061% ± 0.002%) to bulk soil (0.053% ± 0.002%), but no significant difference between the pore types. The results of the current study illustrate that the root growth of spring oilseed rape and faba bean was not encouraged by the precrop in comparison to the earthworm characterized sheath.

Influence of root growth of two pioneering plant species on soil development during the initial stage of ecosystem genesis in the Lusatian post mining landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Boldt ◽  
Bernd Uwe Schneider ◽  
Simone Fritsch ◽  
Reinhard F. Hüttl
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigeios

Boldt, K., Schneider, B. U., Fritsch, S. and Hüttl, R. F. 2012. Influence of root growth of two pioneering plant species on soil development during the initial stage of ecosystem genesis in the Lusatian post mining landscape. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 67–76. To characterize the role of root growth of Lotus corniculatus L. (bird's-foot trefoil) and Calamagrostis epigeios L. Roth (chee reed grass) in soil development during the initial stage of ecosystem genesis, the root systems of these plant species growing in soils from quaternary calcareous sediments were studied. The spatial distribution pattern of root systems varied considerably. Both plant species contributed to the accumulation of organic carbon in the bulk soil, although the highest concentrations were from the legume L. corniculatus. Total nitrogen concentration in the bulk soil was not affected, but increased in the rhizosphere soil of both plant species. There were clear indications that both plant species contributed to homogenizing phosphorus distribution, resulting in phosphorus depletion of those soil compartments where root proliferation was highest. Pronounced differences were detected between plant species, which led to the conclusion that the homogenizing effect caused by one species on a plot level may be overridden by the heterogeneity of patches composed of different plant species at the ecosystem level. All considered components suggest that the development of root systems of herbaceous pioneer plant species provides significant contributions to land reclamation in a natural way.

Cadmium and copper change root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iduna Arduini ◽  
Douglas L. Godbold ◽  
Antonino Onnis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Pinus Pinea

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Root growth and proline content in drought sensitive and tolerant maize (Zea maysL.) seedlings under different water potentials

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Sánchez-Urdaneta ◽  
Cecilia Peña-Valdivia ◽  
Carlos Trejo ◽  
J. Aguirre R. ◽  
Elizabeth Cárdenas S.
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Water Potentials

Lupane Type Triterpene Isolated from the Leaves of Thecacoris Annobonea (Euphorbiaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 695-701
Author(s):  
Herve Martial Poumale Poumale ◽  
Alphonsine Nkapwa Guedem ◽  
Louis Pergaud Sandjo ◽  
Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui ◽  
Yoshihito Shiono
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Aristolochic Acid ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Aristolochic Acid I

A new lupane type triterpene (1), together with betulinic acid (2), friedelin (3), aristolochic acid I (4), alpinumisoflavone (5) and 4’-O-methylepinumisoflavone (6) have been isolated from the leaves of Thecacoris annobonea. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of 1 and 2D NMR experiments. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. 1 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity at 30 μg/ml and compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inhibited root growth lettuce at 100 μg/ml. 

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