Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs

Most dry dog foods are based on cereals, but very little published information and few comparative studies are available on the nutritive value of various cereals in dogs. To determine the apparent nutrient digestibilities and feed values of five different autoclave-processed and ground cereals: oat groats, barley, wheat, corn and rice, a digestibility trial was carried out on twelve adult huskies according to a 6 x 4 cyclic changeover design. Total tract organic matter (OM), crude carbohydrate and gross energy (GE) digestibilities were higher in rice than in all the other cereals. Apparent crude protein (CP) and acid hydrolyzed fat digestibilities of rice (80% and 94%, respectively) were as good as for oat groats (81% and 93%). However, oat groats had higher OM, CP and GE digestibilities than barley, wheat and corn. The amount of digestible crude protein (118 g kg-1 DM) was higher in oat groats than in the other cereals. Digestible energy contents (MJ kg-1 DM) of oat groats, rice, corn, wheat and barley were 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.6 and 15.5, respectively. The quantity of excreted wet faeces increased and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in faeces decreased when oat groats, barley, wheat or corn were supplemented to the basal diet, in contrast to rice, which had the opposite effect on wet faeces excretion. Oat groats are good substitutes for rice or other cereals in dry dog foods.;

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) SHEEP.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v22i1.2033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

A. A. TAIWO ◽

E. A. ADEBOWALE ◽

A. O. AKINSOYINU ◽

J. F. D. GREENHALGH

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

The Other ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre

Feedblocks, poultry manure diet, gliricidia: leucaena mixture (1:1 W/W) and maize offal diet were compared as sources of protein supplements for WAD sheep fed a basal diet of elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum), through a 12-week performance and digestibility study. Dry matter and organic matter intakes (DMI, OMI) of the sheep were higher (P0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on the other diets. DMI on poultry manure and maize offal diets were not significant (P0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) of the animals followed the same trend as DMI. Sheep fed legume supplements excelled in intakes of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P>0.05). Intakes of CP and ADF by sheep on the other supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05). Sheep fed on feedblock supplement consumed the least amount. (P0.05) of NDF. Variations were observed in DM,OM, and NDF digestibilities by sheep on maize offal, poultry manure and legumes supplements. Crude protein digestibility in the legumes and feedblocks supplements was higher (P0.05) than with the other two supplements. All the sheep used gained weights but those on maize offa' diet recorded higher (P0.05). weight gain (86.57g) than those on browse leaves (59.40g), feedblocks (47.80g) and poultry manure (40.44g). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on other diets. Total VFA recorded for sheep on maize offal diet and legumes supplements was higher (P<0.05) than for the other two supplements. Blood urea nitrogen of the supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05)

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An investigation on determining the nutritive value of oak nuts

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4302-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 211-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Z Saricicek ◽

U. Kilic

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

The Other ◽

Feed System ◽

Natural Production ◽

Nutritive Values

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive values of shelled, unshelled oak nuts and their shells. For the estimation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), degradability characteristics, digestibilities, energy values and tannin contents of these feedstuffs the nylon bag technique, cellulose feed system and enzyme methods were used. In spite of the fact that in situ dry matter, organic matter and crude protein degradabilities of shelled and unshelled oak nuts were high, the degradabilities of shells were found lower. Degradability characteristics (a, b, a + b) and effective degradabilities were high in unshelled and shelled oak nuts and low in shells. The differences between the oak nut shells and the other two groups were significant for DM and OM degradabilities (P < 0.01). Pepsin digestible N contents were lower in shelled and unshelled oak nuts and high in shells. Unshelled and shelled oak nuts were significantly different from the oak nut shells for digestibility of DM and OM. Energy values were highest in unshelled oak nuts and lowest in shells. Oak nuts can be used as a forage source in regions with their high natural production.

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Factors limiting the intake of feed by the sheep. VI. Feed intake in the ruminant lamb in relation to the administration of a nutrient solution per abomasum

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9710469 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 469 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RH Weston

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Period ◽

Body Height ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Gross Energy

The voluntary consumption by lambs of a ground and pelleted diet containing 24.4% crude protein on a dry matter basis was studied over 25 days when a nutrient solution based on evaporated cows' milk and lactose was administered per abomasum. The lambs, initially 11-12 weeks old and weighing 26 kg, had been surgically prepared with permanent abomasal fistulae. Separate digestion experiments were conducted to determine (i) the digestible energy (DE) content of the basal diet and (ii) patterns of digestion of the basal diet in the stomach and intestines. The basal diet had a DE content of 3.39 kcal/g dry matter and provided 22 g crude protein digested in the intestines per 100 g digestible organic matter; the nutrient solution contained 7.2 g nitrogen/Mcal gross energy and the energy was 94% digestible. In the digestion experiments, the rates of flow of digesta from the rumen and abomasum were 9.9 and 14.4 l/day respectively; the ruminal digesta was at pH 5.7 and the concentration of volatile fatty acids was 138 mmoles/litre. Approximately 59% of the apparent digestion of organic matter and 78% of the digestion of acid detergent fibre occurred in the stomach. The supplemented and unsupplemented groups of lambs consumed similar amounts of feed in a control period; the daily intakes expressed in relation to body weight in kg0.75 (BWkg0.75) were 101 g dry matter and 341 kcal DE. When nutrient solution providing 836 kcal gross energy or 58 kcal DE/BWkg0.75 per day was administered per abomasum, voluntary feed consumption declined by 16 g dry matter/BWkg0.75 or 53 kcal DE/BWkg0.75. Thus on the basis of DE, the decline in dietary intake compensated for the nutrient solution administration to the extent of 91 %. The daily DE intake of the supplemented group during nutrient administration was 345 kcal/BWkg0.75 and the rate of body height increase was 306 g/day ; the corresponding values for the unsupplemented group were 340 kcal DE/BWkg0.75 and 290 g/day. The data indicated that caloric homeostasis was well developed in lambs of this maturity and that the diet probably contained sufficient essential nutrients to permit the lambs to exhibit maximum growth. The capacity of the lamb to consume feed and increase in body weight did not appear to be restricted by any feature of ruminal digestion.

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Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700100067 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

G. L. Mabey ◽

R. Rose Innes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

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Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960610792912602 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 252 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

O. NISSINEN ◽

P. KALLIAINEN ◽

L. JAUHIAINEN

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Percentage Unit ◽

Primary Growth ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 19992001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (45-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

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A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002910x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B. G. Lowman ◽

D. W. Knight

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

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Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859619000236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 157 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

A. C. Vieira ◽

C. J. Olivo ◽

C. B. Adams ◽

J. C. Sauthier ◽

L. R. Proença ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

High Density ◽

Forage Yield ◽

The Other ◽

Low Density ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Herbage Yield ◽

Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

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PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 229-229

Author(s):

Bokyung Hong ◽

Beob G Kim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Different Doses ◽

Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P < 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

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UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-054 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 467-471

Author(s):

R. M. TAIT ◽

C. GASTON ◽

J. R. HUNT ◽

G. M. BARTON

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

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Efek Perbedaan Komposisi Konsentrat terhadap Perbaikan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v7i2.1052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Susi Dwi Widyawati

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Rumen Microbes

Since rice straw is seasonal and low quality roughage, thus, a supplementation for it is needed. Lamtoro leaf meal (LLM) and soybean meal (SBM), have both soluble and bypass protein, so it enough potential to supply nutrients to optimize of rumen microbes and improve animal performance. Supplementation with LLM or SBM significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber intake (P<0.05). This fact showed that LLM or SBM supplementation made an improvement of rumen fermentation by microbes. Comparison between LLM and SBM to basal diet clearly showed that basal diet was the lowest (P<0.05) nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility, however, the animal fed basal diet degraded crude fiber was not affected. It has been shown that supplementation with lamtoro leaf meal or soybean meal were palatable, fermentable and reasonably digestible. Therefore, the use of these feedstuffs as supplement to rice straw are strongly recommended. Key words : concentrate, PO beef cattle, performance, digestibility

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