scholarly journals Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN ◽  
LINDSTRÖM KEMPPAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Clover Content

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays a crucial role in organic farming and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is cultivated widely in boreal grasslands for BNF. A geostatistical method, model-based kriging, was used to determine the spatial variation in yield, clover content and BNF of clover-grass leys as well as soil chemical properties throughout two fields in 2004-2006. Based on this variation, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the similar patterns of variation. On one location, total dry matter yields of the leys decreased over three production years from 9 700 to 4 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 53 to 26% and BNF from 150 to 40 kg N ha-1, whereas on the other location the yields increased from 6 500 to 7 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 52 to 62% and BNF from 100 to 120 kg N ha-1. Nutrient concentrations in soil also varied greatly within the fields, although this depended on the nutrient species. Kriging combined with PCA described the spatial variation of ley parameters very informatively, but was not as powerful for describing the pattern of nutrients. Based on the spatial dependence determined in the two fields investigated, it seems that the sampling distance should be 80 m for soil nutrients, 100 m for yield and 60 m for clover content and BNF determination, respectively.;

scholarly journals Allelic Variants for Candidate Nitrogen Fixation Genes Revealed by Sequencing in Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Trněný ◽  
David Vlk ◽  
Eliška Macková ◽  
Michaela Matoušková ◽  
Jana Řepková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Alternative Phenotypes ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Plant–rhizobia symbiosis can activate key genes involved in regulating nodulation associated with biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Although the general molecular basis of the BNF process is frequently studied, little is known about its intraspecific variability and the characteristics of its allelic variants. This study’s main goals were to describe phenotypic and genotypic variation in the context of nitrogen fixation in red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and identify variants in BNF candidate genes associated with BNF efficiency. Acetylene reduction assay validation was the criterion for selecting individual plants with particular BNF rates. Sequences in 86 key candidate genes were obtained by hybridization-based sequence capture target enrichment of plants with alternative phenotypes for nitrogen fixation. Two genes associated with BNF were identified: ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation (EFD) and molybdate transporter 1 (MOT1). In addition, whole-genome population genotyping by double-digest restriction-site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq) was performed, and BNF was evaluated by the natural 15N abundance method. Polymorphisms associated with BNF and reflecting phenotype variability were identified. The genetic structure of plant accessions was not linked to BNF rate of measured plants. Knowledge of the genetic variation within BNF candidate genes and the characteristics of genetic variants will be beneficial in molecular diagnostics and breeding of red clover.

Single-cut red clover combined with late timothy may be valuable in short-term rotations

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
G. Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Short Term

Late-maturing cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) may be grown in short-term rotations with other crops and harvested for hay and silage. Harvesting forage in mid-summer is often advantageous for field curing, but the quality of mature forage may be low. We studied how harvests at different developmental stages affected yield, composition of herbage, and species persistence. The late-maturing single-cut red clover cultivar Altaswede and late timothy cultivar Farol were grown alone and in combination with and without applied N. Total forage, and red clover and timothy dry matter yields, increased between the first (27 June) and third (11 July) dates of harvest. Timothy grown alone or combined with red clover and fertilized with N produced greater forage yields than red clover alone or red clover + timothy without applied N. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter declined from 670 to 625 g kg−1 and crude protein from 134 to 109 g kg−1 between 27 June and 11 July. Water soluble carbohydrates in forage were low (36–66 g kg−1) in cuts 1 and 2. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations were generally highest at the first date of harvest on 27 June. Nutrient concentrations in cut 2 were similar for the three harvest schedules. We conclude that growing late-maturing single-cut red clover combined with late timothy produced high yields with good nutritional quality even at advanced stages of maturity. Single-cut red clover persisted for the first production year making this combination suited for short-term rotations that involve late harvesting of the primary growth. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense, timothy, Phleum pratense, composition

scholarly journals Biochar application rate affects biological nitrogen fixation in red clover conditional on potassium availability

2014 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mia ◽  
J.W. van Groenigen ◽  
T.F.J. van de Voorde ◽  
N.J. Oram ◽  
T.M. Bezemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Effects of time and dose of organic fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient content and yield of vegetables

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. HERENCIA ◽  
C. MAQUEDA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Edible Part

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of organic fertilization at different times and doses on soil fertility and crop yield was performed over 3 years in a calcareous loamy soil. Nutrient availability in the soil and macronutrient concentration in leaves and in the edible part of the plants was examined in plots that were previously handled conventionally and ecologically for several years. The organic fertilizers used were manure compost at two doses in plots after 4 years of organic management treatment, and green residues of previous crops in plots with 10 years of organic management. In general, soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents were found to be considerably greater in organically fertilized soils in comparison with soil receiving mineral fertilizer (conventional treatment (CT)). For C and N, the highest contents were observed in the long-term organic treatment (OR). However, few differences were found for potassium (K) and sodium (Na). The results obtained for electrical conductivity and pH indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments. The differences in the values of EC and pH occurred among cultivation cycles irrespective of the type of fertilization, but there was a contradictory trend for each of the above parameters. The results obtained for leaves and the edible part of the plant indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments, except for P with a trend for higher P content in organic crops. The nitrate values in leaves showed great variability, making it difficult to draw conclusions. The associations of fertilization and the chemical properties of soil with nutrient content in crops were checked by principal component analysis (PCA). For soil data, different clusters were observed between CT and OR treatments. However, PCA showed that the influence of crop type on plant nutrient concentrations was greater than type of fertilization. The effect of fertilization on crop yield was variable depending on plant species. The results indicated that organic fertilization did not cause deficiencies in the nutrient content and yield of vegetables when compared with conventional fertilization, showing that ecological management can be used effectively.

Analysis of genetic diversity and structure in a genebank collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) using SSR markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Gupta ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Sunil K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh K. Chahota ◽  
Tilak R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
High Level

AbstractGenetic diversity of a red clover global collection was assessed using 36 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers representing all seven linkage groups (LGs). The number of fragments amplified ranged from 1 to 6 for all the primers. Primer RCS0060 detected highest number of fragments, whereas four SSRs viz., RCS0899, RCS1594, TPSSR40 and RCS6927 amplified single fragment. Size range of amplicons generated by all the primers varied from 100 to 400 bp. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.301 to 0.719 with an average value of 0.605. LG wise diversity analysis showed that LG 3 was most diverse (I = 0.65, Ht = 0.44), whereas LG-1 showed minimum diversity (I = 0.48, Ht = 0.26) for the microsatellites used. Bayesian model-based clustering inferred three genetically distinct populations in the red clover germplasm holding and showed considerable admixture in individuals within clusters. Neighbour-joining analysis showed intermixing of accessions within groups. Principal component analysis plot complemented the clustering shown by Structure and distinguished three populations to greater extent. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 91% of the genetic variation was residing within populations, while 9% variation was among populations. Overall, the results showed that a high level of genetic diversity is prevailing in this worldwide collection of red clover, which can be exploited for its genetic improvement through breeding approaches.

scholarly journals Effect of drill cuttings addition on physicochemical and chemical properties of soil and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) growth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242081
Author(s):  
Justyna Kujawska ◽  
Małgorzata Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Phosphorus Form

The most economical method of drill cuttings disposal may be their application in land reclamation which allows for the wastes recovery. However, the wastes application into the soil should ensure that the quality of the environment would not be deteriorated. These investigations were aimed at identifying the effect of drill cuttings, which were the mixture of different types of drilling wastes, on the physicochemical properties of acidic soil and growth of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The experimental design comprised 5 treatments, which differed in a dose of the drill cuttings: 0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% of dry weight. A six-week pot experiment was conducted to determine the influence of the wastes on the plant growth. The results showed that the drill cuttings addition significantly changed the chemical and physicochemical properties of the soil, such as: electrical conductivity (EC), pH, base saturation, content of carbonate, alkaline cations (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+), organic matter, total organic carbon (TOC), and available phosphorus form. However, the most important factors that influenced the growth of red clover were pH, base saturation, content of Mg2+ and plant available phosphorus. The red clover biomass was increased from 1.5 to 2.5 times depending on the dose of wastes. We concluded that the examined wastes can be used for reclamation of the acid and unfertile degraded soils, but the amount of wastes should not exceed 5% of the soil, because the highest total clover biomass was observed just at this dose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document