Effects of time and dose of organic fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient content and yield of vegetables

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of organic fertilization at different times and doses on soil fertility and crop yield was performed over 3 years in a calcareous loamy soil. Nutrient availability in the soil and macronutrient concentration in leaves and in the edible part of the plants was examined in plots that were previously handled conventionally and ecologically for several years. The organic fertilizers used were manure compost at two doses in plots after 4 years of organic management treatment, and green residues of previous crops in plots with 10 years of organic management. In general, soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents were found to be considerably greater in organically fertilized soils in comparison with soil receiving mineral fertilizer (conventional treatment (CT)). For C and N, the highest contents were observed in the long-term organic treatment (OR). However, few differences were found for potassium (K) and sodium (Na). The results obtained for electrical conductivity and pH indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments. The differences in the values of EC and pH occurred among cultivation cycles irrespective of the type of fertilization, but there was a contradictory trend for each of the above parameters. The results obtained for leaves and the edible part of the plant indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments, except for P with a trend for higher P content in organic crops. The nitrate values in leaves showed great variability, making it difficult to draw conclusions. The associations of fertilization and the chemical properties of soil with nutrient content in crops were checked by principal component analysis (PCA). For soil data, different clusters were observed between CT and OR treatments. However, PCA showed that the influence of crop type on plant nutrient concentrations was greater than type of fertilization. The effect of fertilization on crop yield was variable depending on plant species. The results indicated that organic fertilization did not cause deficiencies in the nutrient content and yield of vegetables when compared with conventional fertilization, showing that ecological management can be used effectively.

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Cowpea Crop Response to Mineral and Organic Fertilization in SE Spain

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽

Raúl Zornoza ◽

Ángel Faz ◽

Juan Antonio Fernández

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Other Hand

Mineral fertilization is considered to be useful for improving soil fertility and yields. However, its use is linked to global warming and soil and water pollution by its rapid mobilization. On the other hand, organic fertilization is recommended to maintain or improve soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks while contributing to climate change mitigation. The main goal of this study was to assess the effect of two different fertilizer types, mineral and organic, during three cowpea crop cycles on the soil’s physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, crop yield, crop quality and nutritional composition when considering two cowpea cultivars (Feijão frade de fio preto (FP) and Feijão frade de fio claro (FC)). The use of mineral fertilizers was seen to contribute to improved soil fertility due to the increase in soil properties, such as recalcitrant carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium content, available K and available Mg. On the other hand, organic fertilizers only increased the nitrate content in the soil. There were no differences in terms of cowpea crop yield, quality and nutritional composition by fertilizer type. Thus, both fertilizer types contributed to the same crop yield and quality, and thus the use of organic fertilizers can result in a sustainable alternative for maintaining cowpea crop yield and quality.

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Efficiency of Rice Husk Biochar with Poultry Litter Co-Composts in Oxisols for Improving Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Enhancing Maize Performance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2409

Author(s):

Hamed Alarefee ◽

Che Fauziah Ishak ◽

Daljit Singh Karam ◽

Radziah Othman

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Higher Plant

Efficient use of co-composted organic manure with biochar is one of the sustainable management practices in an agriculture system to increase soil fertility and crop yield. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the use of co-composted biochar, biochar in formulation with poultry litter (PL), and PL compost on soil properties and maize growth. Organic amendments were applied at 10 Mg ha−1, and synthetic fertilizer was applied at the recommended rate of maize (N: P2O5: K2O at 60:60:40 kg ha−1). The results showed that addition of organic amendment significantly increased the total biomass parameter compared to the control, which ranged from 23.2% to 988.5%. The pure biochar treatment yielded lower biomass than the control by 27.1%, which was attributed to its low nutrient content. Consequently, the application of the co-composted biochar achieved higher plant height and aerial portion, which ranged from 46.86% to 25.74% and 7.8% to 108.2%, respectively, in comparison to the recommended fertilizer rate. In addition, the soil amended with co-composted biochar had a significant increase in soil organic matter and had significantly higher chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in plants, which increased with an increase in the biochar ratio of the co-composts. This was probably attributed to the release of the nutrients retained during composting, thereby possibly making the co-composted biochar act as a slow-release fertilizer. In conclusion, the addition of organic manure with biochar enhanced the nutrient supply by gradual release in comparison to the mineral fertilizer.

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PENGELOLAAN PUPUK TERPADU DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL JAGUNG MANIS DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN PADA SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO 2:1

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.22.1.2016.15105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yefta Pamandungan ◽

David S. Runtunuwu ◽

Rinny Mamarimbing ◽

Jemmy Najoan

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Organic N ◽

Fertilizer Management ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Before And After ◽

Planting System ◽

Research Show

ABSTRACT This research aims to study the increase of the yields of sweet corn and soil fertility by applying integrated fertilizers management system in Jajar Legowo 2:1 planting system. The results of this research show that providing the 25% inorganic fertilizers plus 75% organic fertilizers as treatment has given better result for the yields of sweet corn than providing 100% inorganic fertilizers or 100% organic fertilizers as treatment. Chemical properties of the soil before and after the treatment of fertilizers, it is found out that the contents of C-Organic, N of soil, and K2O of the researched soil are categorized as low to very low. However, it is found out that the available content of P2O5 has increased by 4.29 ppm through the 25% inorganic fertilizers plus 75% organic fertilizers as treatment and has increased by 1.73 ppm through the 100% organic fertilizers as treatment. Keywords: integrated fertilizer management, sweet corn, jajar legowo

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Spatial variability of soil fertility and its relation with cocoa yield

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n2p88-93 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Railton O. dos Santos ◽

◽

Laís B. Franco ◽

Samuel A. Silva ◽

George A. Sodré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Western Region ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Cocoa Yield

ABSTRACT The knowledge on the spatial variability of soil properties and crops is important for decision-making on agricultural management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil fertility and its relation with cocoa yield. The study was conducted over 14 months in an area cultivated with cocoa. A sampling grid was created to study soil chemical properties and cocoa yield (stratified in season, off-season and annual). The data were analyzed using descriptive and exploratory statistics, and geostatistics. The chemical attributes were classified using fuzzy logic to generate a soil fertility map, which was correlated with maps of crop yield. The soil of the area, except for the western region, showed possibilities ranging from medium to high for cocoa cultivation. Soil fertility showed positive spatial correlation with cocoa yield, and its effect was predominant only for the off-season and annual cocoa.

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Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2008.07.012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (1-2) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

A BERNER ◽

I HILDERMANN ◽

A FLIESBACH ◽

L PFIFFNER ◽

U NIGGLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Organic Management

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Characterization of soil chemical properties of strawberry fields using principal component analysis

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832013000100017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 168-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gláucia Oliveira Islabão ◽

Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽

Lisiane Priscila Roldão Selau ◽

Ledemar Carlos Vahl ◽

Luís Carlos Timm

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Very High

One of the largest strawberry-producing municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is Turuçu, in the South of the State. The strawberry production system adopted by farmers is similar to that used in other regions in Brazil and in the world. The main difference is related to the soil management, which can change the soil chemical properties during the strawberry cycle. This study had the objective of assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of soil fertility parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). Soil sampling was based on topography, dividing the field in three thirds: upper, middle and lower. From each of these thirds, five soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-0.20 m layer, to form a composite sample for each third. Four samples were taken during the strawberry cycle and the following properties were determined: soil organic matter (OM), soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil pH (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, soil base (V%) and soil aluminum saturation(m%). No spatial variation was observed for any of the studied soil fertility parameters in the strawberry fields and temporal variation was only detected for available K. Phosphorus and K contents were always high or very high from the beginning of the strawberry cycle, while pH values ranged from very low to very high. Principal component analysis allowed the clustering of all strawberry fields based on variables related to soil acidity and organic matter content.

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Consistent improvements in soil biochemical properties and crop yields by organic fertilization for above-ground (rapeseed) and below-ground (sweet potato) crops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859619000170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (10) ◽

pp. 1186-1195

Author(s):

X. P. Li ◽

C. L. Liu ◽

H. Zhao ◽

F. Gao ◽

G. N. Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Soil Biochemical Properties ◽

Below Ground

AbstractAlthough application of organic fertilizers has become a recommended way for developing sustainable agriculture, it is still unclear whether above-ground and below-ground crops have similar responses to chemical fertilizers (CF) and organic manure (OM) under the same farming conditions. The current study investigated soil quality and crop yield response to fertilization of a double-cropping system with rapeseed (above-ground) and sweet potato (below-ground) in an infertile red soil for 2 years (2014–16). Three fertilizer treatments were compared, including CF, OM and organic manure plus chemical fertilizer (MCF). Organic fertilizers (OM and MCF) increased the yield of both above- and below-ground crops and improved soil biochemical properties significantly. The current study also found that soil-chemical properties were the most important and direct factors in increasing crop yields. Also, crop yield was affected indirectly by soil-biological properties, because no significant effects of soil-biological activities on yield were detected after controlling the positive effects of soil-chemical properties. Since organic fertilizers could not only increase crop yield, but also improve soil nutrients and microbial activities efficiently and continuously, OM application is a reliable agricultural practice for both above- and below-ground crops in the red soils of China.

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Soil Quality Improvement Using Compost and its Effects on Organic-Corn Production

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2015.v20i1.11-19 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

. Riwandi ◽

Merakati Handajaningsih ◽

. Hasanudin ◽

Ali Munawar

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Quality ◽

Corn Production ◽

Integrated Agriculture ◽

Soil Quality Improvement

Intensive agriculture has been well known to cause decline in soil organic matter and nutrient content of the soils. Therefore, efforts should be taken to avoid this from happening. Addition of organic fertilizers like compost has been increasingly become more important in Indonesian agriculture in the last couple of decades. The objectives of this study were to produce high quality compost using Indore method and to investigate its effects on organic-corn production. The study was conducted in the Integrated Agriculture Zone (IAZ), University of Bengkulu for two years (2012 and 2013). The study consisted of three steps: (i) soil fertility identification, (ii) compost production, and (iii) organic-corn field production. Soil fertility identification involved physical, chemical, biological analysis of soil samples collected from less fertile and moderately fertile soils. A randomized completely block design was employed in the field study which involved five rates of compost and two levels of soil fertility with three replications. In 2012, high quality compost was black, had pH 8, fine, odorless, and sufficiently high in NPK contents. Organic-corn yielded 2.94 and 5.69 Mg ha-1 of dried kernels on less fertile and moderately fertile soils, respectively at 20 Mg ha-1 compost. Similarly, in 2013 high quality compost was black, had pH 8, moderate, odorless, and high in NPK contents. The corn yields were 3.75 and 1.93 Mg ha-1 on less fertile and moderately fertile soils, respectively at 22.50 Mg ha-1 compost. [How to Cite: Riwandi, M Handajaningsih, Hasanudin, and A Munawar. 2015. Soil Quality Improvement Using Compost and its Effects on Organic-Corn Production. J Trop Soils 19: 11-19. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.11][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.11]

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Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960608787235568 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 376 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. NYKÄNEN ◽

L. JAUHIAINEN ◽

LINDSTRÖM KEMPPAINEN

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Spatial Variation ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Red Clover ◽

Principal Component ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Clover Content

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays a crucial role in organic farming and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is cultivated widely in boreal grasslands for BNF. A geostatistical method, model-based kriging, was used to determine the spatial variation in yield, clover content and BNF of clover-grass leys as well as soil chemical properties throughout two fields in 2004-2006. Based on this variation, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the similar patterns of variation. On one location, total dry matter yields of the leys decreased over three production years from 9 700 to 4 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 53 to 26% and BNF from 150 to 40 kg N ha-1, whereas on the other location the yields increased from 6 500 to 7 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 52 to 62% and BNF from 100 to 120 kg N ha-1. Nutrient concentrations in soil also varied greatly within the fields, although this depended on the nutrient species. Kriging combined with PCA described the spatial variation of ley parameters very informatively, but was not as powerful for describing the pattern of nutrients. Based on the spatial dependence determined in the two fields investigated, it seems that the sampling distance should be 80 m for soil nutrients, 100 m for yield and 60 m for clover content and BNF determination, respectively.;

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