The Necessity of Trade Restrictive Measures Aimed at Protecting the Environment

ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), numerous restrictive measures have been adopted by governments of different countries. The return to elective dental care in Brazil is a reality even during the COVID-19 pandemic. During restorative dental procedures, the dental professional requires close contact with the patient, being exposed to contaminated saliva and fluids. In addition, transmission of COVID-19 by the generation of aerosol produced by dental handipieces may be possible. Thus, the dental staff must know how to act during restorative dental procedures, putting into practice the correct clinical protocols to avoid cross-contamination and COVID-19 spread. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the biosafety practices especially in the context of restorative dental procedures in times of COVID-19.

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Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

Sociology and Law ◽

10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-92-97 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

A. V. Kuznetsov

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Human Rights ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

International Law ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Countries ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Legal Restrictions ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

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EU Restrictive Measures as International Law Enforcement: The Case of the Ukrainian Crisis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3085981 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Hofer

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

International Law ◽

Ukrainian Crisis ◽

Restrictive Measures

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Prologue

10.1093/oso/9780198827023.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Brodie

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Nazi Regime ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Catholic Church

The centrality of co-existence and negotiation to the relationship between the Catholic Church and Nazi regime was already in evidence during the period 1933–9. Although in 1932 the Catholic episcopate had banned the faithful from wearing Nazi uniforms to mass, and had extended this to a general ban on membership of the NSDAP, it swiftly rescinded these restrictive measures following Hitler’s ‘seizure of power’ in January 1933....

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Impact on Ultrafine Particles Concentration and Turbulent Fluxes of SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown in a Suburban Area in Italy

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Antonio Donateo ◽

Adelaide Dinoi ◽

Gianluca Pappaccogli

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Particle Number ◽

Ultrafine Particle ◽

Turbulent Fluxes ◽

Number Concentration ◽

Suburban Area ◽

Observation Site ◽

Meteorological Forcing ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

Measurement Area

In order to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, governments have implemented several restrictive measures (lockdown, stay-in-place, and quarantine policies). These provisions have drastically changed the routines of residents, altering environmental conditions in the affected areas. In this context, our work analyzes the effects of the reduced emissions during the COVID-19 period on the ultrafine particles number concentration and their turbulent fluxes in a suburban area. COVID-19 restrictions did not significantly reduce anthropogenic related PM10 and PM2.5 levels, with an equal decrement of about 14%. The ultrafine particle number concentration during the lockdown period decreased by 64% in our measurement area, essentially due to the lower traffic activity. The effect of the restriction measures and the reduction of vehicles traffic was predominant in reducing concentration rather than meteorological forcing. During the lockdown in 2020, a decrease of 61% in ultrafine particle positive fluxes can be observed. At the same time, negative fluxes decreased by 59% and our observation site behaved, essentially, as a sink of ultrafine particles. Due to this behavior, we can conclude that the principal particle sources during the lockdown were far away from the measurement site.

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Teaching during the Pandemic: A Comparison in Psychological Wellbeing among Smart Working Professions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4850

Author(s):

Emanuela Mari ◽

Giulia Lausi ◽

Angelo Fraschetti ◽

Alessandra Pizzo ◽

Michela Baldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Well Being ◽

Total Sample ◽

Italian Population ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Group Methods ◽

Random Probability ◽

Smart Working ◽

Restrictive Measures

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, since March 2020, the Italian population was forced into lockdown to prevent the spread of the virus. The restrictive measures imposed forced many organizations and workers to work through online platforms and no longer in-person. Smart working, enjoyed by some workers for its flexibility, affected several professional categories. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the psychological variables related to four groups of professional categories (practitioners, managers, executive employees, teachers), particularly the teachers group. Methods: A total sample of 628 individuals was recruited through a random probability sample across Italy. Due to the lockdown, an online questionnaire was developed; several validated scales were chosen, and some ad hoc constructed items related to the smart working experience were included. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the four groups of examined smart workers. Conclusions: All workers have had to readjust to this new way of working, but our results show that teachers were the most affected, both in the perception of their psychological well-being and in the management of the smart working mode.

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Reaching out for Help: Calls to a Mental Health Helpline Prior to and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4505

Author(s):

Josianne Scerri ◽

Alexei Sammut ◽

Sarah Cilia Vincenti ◽

Paulann Grech ◽

Michael Galea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Information Needs ◽

Medication Management ◽

Health Issues ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Period 2 ◽

National Mental Health ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

Financial Issues

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis associated with adverse mental health consequences. This study examined 2908 calls made to a national mental health helpline over a 10 month period, 2 months prior to (Pre-COVID) and 8 months during the pandemic phase, that incorporated the imposition of a partial lockdown, followed by the removal and reintroduction of restrictive measures locally. Data collected included reason/s for call assistance, gender, age and number of daily diagnosed cases and deaths due to COVID-19. In the Pre-COVID phase, calls for assistance were related to information needs and depression. With the imposition of a partial lockdown, coupled with the first local deaths and spikes in number of diagnosed cases, a significant increase in number of calls targeting mental health, medication management and physical and financial issues were identified. Following the removal of local restrictions, the number of calls decreased significantly; however, with the subsequent reintroduction of restrictions, coupled with the rise in cases and deaths, assistance requested significantly targeted informational needs. Hence, whilst calls in the initial phase of the pandemic mainly targeted mental health issues, over time this shifted towards information seeking requests, even within a context where the number of deaths and cases had significantly risen.

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Renewable Energy Deployment and COVID-19 Measures for Sustainable Development

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4418

Author(s):

Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Jaehyung An ◽

Alexey Mikhaylov ◽

Nikita Moiseev ◽

Mir Sayed Shah Danish

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

External Environment ◽

Energy Markets ◽

Energy Market ◽

Short Term ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Long Short Term Memory ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

The Impact

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of restrictive measures introduced in connection with COVID-19 on consumption in renewable energy markets. The study will be based on the hypothesis that similar changes in human behavior can be expected in the future with the further spread of COVID-19 and/or the introduction of additional quarantine measures around the world. The analysis also yielded additional results. The strongest reductions in energy generation occurred in countries with a high percentage (more than 80%) of urban population (Brazil, USA, the United Kingdom and Germany). This study uses two models created with the Keras Long Short-Term Memory (Keras LSTM) Model, and 76 and 10 parameters are involved. This article suggests that various restrictive strategies reduced the sustainable demand for renewable energy and led to a drop in economic growth, slowing the growth of COVID-19 infections in 2020. It is unknown to what extent the observed slowdown in the spread from March 2020 to September 2020 due to the policy’s impact and not the interaction between the virus and the external environment. All renewable energy producers decreased the volume of renewable energy market supply in 2020 (except China).

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Design of COVID-19 staged alert systems to ensure healthcare capacity with minimal closures

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23989-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Haoxiang Yang ◽

Özge Sürer ◽

Daniel Duque ◽

David P. Morton ◽

Bismark Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admissions ◽

Optimal Strategies ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Alert System ◽

System Safety ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Restrictive Measures

AbstractCommunity mitigation strategies to combat COVID-19, ranging from healthy hygiene to shelter-in-place orders, exact substantial socioeconomic costs. Judicious implementation and relaxation of restrictions amplify their public health benefits while reducing costs. We derive optimal strategies for toggling between mitigation stages using daily COVID-19 hospital admissions. With public compliance, the policy triggers ensure adequate intensive care unit capacity with high probability while minimizing the duration of strict mitigation measures. In comparison, we show that other sensible COVID-19 staging policies, including France’s ICU-based thresholds and a widely adopted indicator for reopening schools and businesses, require overly restrictive measures or trigger strict stages too late to avert catastrophic surges. As proof-of-concept, we describe the optimization and maintenance of the staged alert system that has guided COVID-19 policy in a large US city (Austin, Texas) since May 2020. As cities worldwide face future pandemic waves, our findings provide a robust strategy for tracking COVID-19 hospital admissions as an early indicator of hospital surges and enacting staged measures to ensure integrity of the health system, safety of the health workforce, and public confidence.

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Well-Being of Healthcare Workers and the General Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: An Online Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4737

Author(s):

Tuyen Dinh Hoang ◽

Robert Colebunders ◽

Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽

Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen ◽

Trung Dinh Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Online Survey ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Health Sector ◽

Well Being ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

The Mean ◽

Restrictive Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures implemented may considerably affect people’s lives. This study aimed to assess the well-being of Vietnamese people after COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted and life gradually returned to normal. An online survey was organized from 21 to 25 April 2020 among Vietnamese residents aged 18 and over. The survey was launched by the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index (scored 0–25) was used to score participants’ well-being. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of well-being. A total of 1922 responses were analyzed (mean age: 31 years; 30.5% male; 88.2% health professionals or students in the health sector). The mean well-being score was 17.35 ± 4.97. Determinants of a high well-being score (≥13) included older age, eating healthy food, practicing physical exercise, working from home, and adhering to the COVID-19 preventive measures. Female participants, persons worried about their relatives’ health, and smokers were more likely to have a low well-being score. In conclusion, after the lockdown measures were lifted, the Vietnamese have people continued to follow COVID-19 preventive measures, and most of them scored high on the well-being scale. Waiting to achieve large-scale COVID-19 vaccine coverage, promoting preventive COVID-19 measures remains important, together with strategies to guarantee the well-being of the Vietnamese people.

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