Examining Institutional Factors May Yield More Effective Policy Interventions to Improve Defense Acquisition Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Candreva
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Defense Acquisition ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Effective Policy

scholarly journals Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey to the Mediterranean Spanish Context (NEMS-P-MED)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3257
Author(s):  
Alba Martínez-García ◽  
Eva María Trescastro-López ◽  
María Eugenia Galiana-Sánchez ◽  
Cristóbal Llorens-Ivorra ◽  
Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Nutrition Environment ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Standardized Measurement

Individuals’ perceptions of their food environments are a mediator between exposure to the environment and people’s interaction with it. The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) are valid and reliable measures to assess food environments. In Spain, there is no adapted instrument to measure the perceived obesogenic environment. This article aims to adapt and evaluate the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for a Spanish context (NEMS-P-MED). The Spanish version has 32 questions to measure the perception about availability, accessibility and marketing of 3 types of environment: home, shops and restaurants. We assess feasibility, construct validity and internal consistency reliability through a sample of 95 individuals. The internal consistency was acceptable for most items (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients range from 0.6 to 0.9), similar to that of the original scale. The NEMS-P-MED has been shown to be valid and, on certain items reliable, and was useful to assess the population’s perceptions of the food environment in the home, restaurants and food stores in a Spanish context. Adapting standardized measurement tools to specific contexts to assess the perceived and observed characteristics of food environments may facilitate the development of effective policy interventions to reduce excess weight.

scholarly journals Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges of Green Finance in Italy: An Analysis of the Biomass Production Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Falcone ◽  
Edgardo Sica
Keyword(s):  
Government Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Financial Issues

The present paper provides empirical evidence of the opportunities and challenges surrounding green finance (GF), looking at the financial issues that might prevent the investment decisions of green companies. To this end, we explore the case of Italian biomass producers by means of a discourse analysis supported by a survey administered to a pool of experts. Although our findings suggest that GF provides an opportunity for achieving environmentally sustainable innovation pathways, experts recognize that it does not actually prevent biomass producers from facing institutional and financial criticalities in funding their investment projects. Such criticalities include: uncertainty about government policies, the minimal involvement of financial suppliers in the biomass sector, the short-term orientation of financial instruments and the limited knowledge of financing options and technical expertise within companies. The results indicate that effective policy interventions should ensure that objectives are orientated towards the long term with the aim of reducing the risks perceived by financial institutions in funding biomass producers.

scholarly journals Social Medical Capital: How Patients and Caregivers Can Benefit From Online Social Interactions

10.2196/16337 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e16337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Panzarasa ◽  
Christopher J Griffiths ◽  
Nishanth Sastry ◽  
Anna De Simoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Online Health Communities ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
Network Studies

The rapid growth of online health communities and the increasing availability of relational data from social media provide invaluable opportunities for using network science and big data analytics to better understand how patients and caregivers can benefit from online conversations. Here, we outline a new network-based theory of social medical capital that will open up new avenues for conducting large-scale network studies of online health communities and devising effective policy interventions aimed at improving patients’ self-care and health.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Government Expenditure and Money Supply on Unemployment in Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Wilhelmine Naapopye Shigwedha ◽  
Teresia Kaulihowa
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Employment Creation ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Unemployment Problem

This paper examines how government expenditure and money supply affect unemployment in Namibia. It employs the ARDL and ECM estimation techniques to establish the underlying relationship for the period 1980-2018. The results support the hypothesis that government expenditure and money supply can be used to contain unemployment. Additionally, an evidence of both long and short-run causality from government expenditure and money supply to unemployment is found. Practical policy implications indicate that in order to effectively combat unemployment problem in Namibia, the study recommends that there is a  need for policy makers to ensure that the goal of employment creation is mainstreamed in all relevant fiscal and monetary policies responses in the country. Moreover, there is also a need to identify and propose policies that can help to do away with the lack of effective policy interventions

scholarly journals Barriers to Implementing Pro-Cycling Policies: A Case Study of Hamburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The City

Cycling is gaining increasing attention as a convenient, environmentally friendly, and fitness-improving mode of transport. While many policy interventions have been made to promote cycling, not enough research has focused on the barriers to implementing pro-cycling policies. For effective policy implementation, identifying major barriers and removing them is critical. This study took an in-depth look at Hamburg which started a major cycling promotion in 2008. According to expert interviews and literature surveys, the author found that the major barriers are physical, political and institutional, and social and cultural. Specifically, the city lacks enough physical space, political support, and the evaluation of travel behavior and demand. Also, some private stakeholders are reluctant to give up on-street car parking space for cycling lanes, and the negotiation process is difficult and time-consuming. To overcome these barriers, Hamburg requires cycling-oriented urban design, a strategic and integrated cycling action plan, strong political support, and target group-oriented communication.

scholarly journals Caught in the middle? Access to water in the rural to urban transformation of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality, Uganda

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-685
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Silva-Novoa Sanchez ◽  
Jeltsje Sanne Kemerink-Seyoum ◽  
Dauda Waiswa Batega ◽  
Ramkrishna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Structural Inequities

Abstract This paper aims to contribute to the relatively few empirical studies done on how processes of urbanization affect water supply in smaller towns by providing an in-depth case study of Bushenyi-Ishaka municipality in Uganda. The paper shows how changes in water service provision as a result of the rural to urban transformation of the area differently affect various groups of water users in their access to water. Based on this research, the authors question the process of categorization and labelling in public service delivery, especially rigidly distinguishing between urban and rural water infrastructures and management models, as it often (re)produces binaries and potentially creates structural inequities. Building further on literature focusing on understanding and dealing with complexity, the paper calls for more empirical research to document everyday practices of providing and accessing water in changing environments in the hope to ultimately inform more effective policy interventions that aim for equity in water distributions.

scholarly journals Doctors have an ethical obligation to ask patients about food insecurity: what is stopping us?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107409
Author(s):  
Jessica Kate Knight ◽  
Zoe Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Effective Policy

Inadequate diet is the leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, approaches to identifying inadequate diets in clinical practice remain inconsistent, and dietary interventions (on both individual and public health policy levels) frequently focus on facilitating ‘healthy choices’, with limited emphasis on structural constraints. We examine the ethical implications of introducing a routine question in the medical history about ability to access food. Not collecting data on food security means that clinicians are unable to identify people who may benefit from support on an individual level, unable to consider relevant dietary risk factors for disease and disease progression and unable to monitor population trends and inequalities in dietary access in order to design effective policy interventions. We argue that the current lack of routine screening for food insecurity is inconsistent with our approach to other health behaviours (eg, smoking and alcohol use), as well as with doctors’ frequent informal role as gatekeepers to the food aid system, and recent calls for governmental action on food insecurity and health inequalities from individual clinicians and professional bodies. Potential ethical barriers to asking patients about food security are addressed, including concerns about stigma, limiting autonomy, fair resource allocation, unclear professional remits and clinicians’ ability to offer effective interventions. We suggest that there is an ethical imperative for doctors to ask patients about their ability to access healthy food. Gathering this data provides a valuable first step in re-framing the social determinants of health as modifiable risks, rather than inevitable inequities.

Changing Planning Perspectives of Agricultural Development in Malaysia

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-435
Author(s):  
Martin Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
National Planning ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Effective Policy

Malaysia's planning organization has become the institutional centrepiece of that country's development effort. Indeed, Malaysia ranks as one of the non-Communist developing countries where planning is most highly institutionalized. Malaysian planning evolved as an effective policy mechanism for directing the authoritative allocation of public resources towards declared developmental objectives. Despite this attachment to national planning, Malaysia remains a staunchly market-oriented, open, and predominantly private enterprise economy. Nevertheless, as the role of planning expanded, private sector activity became increasingly subject to policy interventions predicated upon the politically-determined goals of development planning.

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