The Effect of Exhibition on Urban Economic Development

Along with the process of economic globalization, international exhibition concentrates the flow of people, logistics and information, which is in line with the trend of economic globalization. Exhibition economy is an important part of the global economy, and the study of exhibition will play a decisive role in regional economic development. This paper analyzes the influence of the number of exhibition activities, exhibition area, number of meeting activities and the number of meeting participants on direct economic benefits, induced economic benefits and total economic benefits on Xiamen City using multiple regression analysis. The results demonstrate the importance and difference of exhibitions and meetings to the economic development of Xiamen City.

Urban Metabolism of Food-Sourced Nitrogen among Different Income Households: A Case Study Based on Large Sample Survey in Xiamen City, China

Food consumption is fundamental for urban households if they are to sustain production and daily life. Nitrogen resulting from food consumption has significantly contributed to pollutant emissions in urban ecosystems. Taking Xiamen city, a rapid urbanizing area of southeast China as a case study, we evaluated the food-sourced nitrogen consumption of households based on a large simple onsite questionnaire survey, as well as differences between households in the consumption of plant-based and animal-based foods. A material flow analysis (MFA) was conducted to simulate the urban metabolism of food-sourced nitrogen and environmental emissions among different income groups. The impacts of household attributes, plant-based food consumption, and animal-based food consumption on environmental nitrogen emissions were examined with a structural equation model (SEM). Our results show that the surveyed households’ diets were more plant-based and less animal-based. Aquatic products and livestock were the source of 43.7% of food-sourced nitrogen, and 84.5% of the food-sourced nitrogen was discharge into the environment through direct discharge and waste treatment. Soil, water, and air emissions accounted for 62.8%, 30.1%, and 7.1% of the food-sourced nitrogen, respectively. Household income, household size, and household area are all associated with accelerating increases of nitrogen emissions released into the environment, though middle-income group households have the highest food-sourced environmental nitrogen emissions. On this basis, we discuss how to better manage the urban metabolism of food-sourced nitrogen, so as to improve urban household consumption, lower nitrogen emissions, and improve food security.

Hepatitis E in 24 Chinese Cities, 2008–2018: A New Analysis Method for the Disease's Occupational Characteristics

Background: The disease burden of hepatitis E remains high. We used a new method (richness, diversity, evenness, and similarity analyses) to classify cities according to the occupational classification of hepatitis E patients across regions in China and compared the results of cluster analysis.Methods: Data on reported hepatitis E cases from 2008 to 2018 were collected from 24 cities (9 in Jilin Province, 13 in Jiangsu Province, Xiamen City, and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture). Traditional statistical methods were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E patients, while the new method and cluster analysis were used to classify the cities by analyzing the occupational composition across regions.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E in eastern China (Jiangsu Province) was similar to that in the south (Xiamen City) and southwest of China (Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture), but higher than that in the north (Jilin Province). The age of hepatitis E patients was concentrated between 41 and 60 years, and the sex ratio ranged from 1:1.6 to 1:3.4. Farming was the most highly prevalent occupation; other sub-prevalent occupations included retirement, housework and unemployment. The incidence of occupations among migrant workers, medical staff, teachers, and students was moderate. There were several occupational types with few or no records, such as catering industry, caregivers and babysitters, diaspora children, childcare, herders, and fishing (boat) people. The occupational similarity of hepatitis E was high among economically developed cities, such as Nanjing, Wuxi, Baicheng, and Xiamen, while the similarity was small among cities with large economic disparities, such as Nanjing and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. A comparison of the classification results revealed more similarities and some differences when using these two methods.Conclusion: In China, the factors with the greatest influence on the prevalence of hepatitis E are living in the south, farming as an occupation, being middle-aged or elderly, and being male. The 24 cities we studied were highly diverse and moderately similar in terms of the occupational distribution of patients with hepatitis E. We confirmed the validity of the new method on in classifying cities according to their occupational composition by comparing it with the clustering method.

Levels, Distribution And Risk Assessment of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) In Fish In Xiamen, China

In this study, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was detected in 114 fish samples collected from 6 administrative regions of Xiamen city, China. HBCD amounts ranged between ND (not detected) and 2.216 ng g−1 ww (mean, 0.127±0.318 ng g−1 ww). Besides, α-HBCD was the main diastereoisomer in these fish specimens, followed by β-HBCD. Meanwhile, γ-HBCD was not detected in any of the samples. Significant differences were recorded among fish species. The results indicated that the levels and detection rates of HBCD were higher in Trachinotus ovatus compared with other aquatic organisms. Therefore, Trachinotus ovatus could be used as a marine biological indicator of HBCD. Within the regions investigated, Siming was significantly different from Jimei, Haicang and Xiang'an. The spatial distribution of HBCD concentrations indicated higher mean levels in samples collected from Haicang, Jimei and Xiang'an, respectively, with the highest detection rates in Jimei and Xiang'an, which might be related to geographical location and intense industrial and urban activities. Estimation of daily HBCD intake was performed according to fish consumption in Xiamen residents. The medium bound HBCD amounts in fish were approximately 0.073 and 0.088 ng kg bw-1d-1 for male and female residents of Xiamen, respectively. Exposure doses of HBCD indicated no health concern for Xiamen residents.

Accessibility-Based Equity of Public Facilities: a Case Study in Xiamen, China

China's rapid economic development has led to inequality in terms of property, education, and health. Equal access to basic public facilities has become a key concern of inclusive development policies. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the effects of different travel modes on the accessibility of basic public facilities. The present research fills this gap. Taking Xiamen city as a case study, it explores the degrees of horizontal and vertical equity by examining the accessibility of various basic public facilities, paying attention to different travel modes and travel times. The results for Xiamen city show that disadvantaged groups experience a greater level of inequity. By taking these aspects into account, one is better equipped to identify areas in the city where access to basic public facilities is in need of substantial improvement.

Analysis of Choice Behavior of Tourist Transportation Mode in Xiamen

Tourism transportation is the foundation and necessary condition for the development of tourism. Tourism transportation has a profound impact on the development of local tourism economy. Both sides complement each other and promote together. For one thing, a well-developed tourism transportation network can attract more tourists to visit and accelerate the development of the tourism industry. For another, the development of the tourism economy will counteract the construction of the tourism transportation network. This paper selects Zhongshan Road in Xiamen City to conduct a questionnaire survey to analyze the choice behavior of Xiamen’s tourism transportation mode.