German Voters in Times of Crisis: The Impact of Perceptions and Economic Context on Electoral Behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Trein
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Impact

European Economies Stability Faced With Potential Outburst of Sovereign Debt Crisis. An Empirical Study Using Neural Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3255-3260
Author(s):  
Stelian Stancu ◽  
Alexandra Maria Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
European Level ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact

Instilment, on a European level, of a state incompatible with the state of stability on a macroeconomic level and in the financial-banking system lead to continuous growth of vulnerability of European economies, situated at the verge of an outburst of sovereign debt crises. In this context, the current papers main objective is to produce a study regarding the vulnerability of European economies faced with potential outburst of sovereign debt crisis, which implies quantitative analysis of the impact of sovereign debt on the sensitivity of the European Unions economies. The paper also entails the following specific objectives: completing an introduction in the current European economic context, conceptualization of the notion of “sovereign debt crisis, presenting the methodology and obtained empirical results, as well as exposition of the conclusions.

Macro Economic Determinants of Electoral Support for Incumbents in Turkey, 1950–1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alı Çarkoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The Impact

The assertion that economic conditions prevailing during a government's tenure influence the level of electoral support it receives is frequently expressed in Turkey. Despite frequent references to economic dimensions of electoral behavior in Turkish media and academic circles, however, there are only a few systematic analyses of the impact of macro-economic performance on incumbents' electoral success. Bulutay and Yıldırım (1969) and Bulutay (1970) were the first attempts in this direction. These pioneering empirical analyses were mainly descriptive and rely on cross-sectional observations across provinces for the elections between 1950 and 1969. Based solely on developments in the agricultural sector they concluded that economic factors were first among the factors determining election outcomes. Özselçuk (1975) included macro-economic indicators, such as changes in per capita income and prices, in a regression model to explain changes in incumbents' vote share. Özselçuk provided some evidence that incumbents' electoral support was shaped by developments in macro-economic indicators, however, his analyses were technically deficient and his results were poorly documented.

Utility privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of water

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Privatisation Process ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Over the past twenty years, the focus of development policy has shifted from the state to the private sector. Privatisation is now central to utility reform in much of SSA. This paper sets out developments in water privatisation and reviews the evidence regarding its impact. Water privatisation has been carried out to some degree in at least fourteen countries in the region, and many other governments are at various stages in the privatisation process. However, in some cases privatisation has been difficult to achieve, and a few countries have successfully provided water under public ownership. Evidence on the impact of privatisation indicates that the performance of privatised utilities has not changed dramatically, but that enterprises have continued to perform well, or not so well, depending both on their state when they were privatised and on the wider economic context. The evidence points to internal improvements in terms of financial management. However, governments face considerable difficulties in attracting investors and regulating private utilities. Furthermore, privatisation fails to address some of the fundamental constraints affecting water utilities in SSA, such as finance, the politicised nature of service delivery, and lack of access for the poor. A preoccupation with ownership may obscure the wider goals of reform.

Managing Blame: An Experimental Test of the Effects of Political Accounts

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Impact

Public officials are not passive bystanders in the electoral process. Rather, they actively try to shape or manage citizens' perceptions of events (particularly those involving negative outcomes) through explanations or accounts. I argue that consideration of citizens' understandings of political accountability and how these are shaped by public officials represent critical missing components of models of electoral behavior. The distinction between excuses and justifications provides a valuable conceptual framework for understanding the impact of political accounts on a variety of judgments and psychological processes. I examine satisfaction with various excuses and justifications and their impact on subsequent evaluations of the official.

scholarly journals Από την εκπαίδευση στην αμειβόμενη εργασία: Εμπειρική διερεύνηση της εργασιακής ένταξης των νέων στην Ελλάδα

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Καραμεσίνη
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Labour Market Entry

<p>The paper empirically investigates the transition of youth from education to work in Greece by using a macroeconomic and dynamic approach. It examines in particular the labour market integration of young graduates of the year 1999<br />by educational attainment level and gender, as well as the difficulties they had in stabilizing in employment during 2000-2005. The paper also discusses the impact of the economic context at the moment of graduation and during the first years after labour market entry by comparing employment performance of the 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002 cohorts, one, three and five years after graduation. The methodology used for the empirical analysis consists of the creation of pseudopanels and the estimation of a number of indicators of labour market integration for consecutive years.</p>

scholarly journals The Formation of Advocates’ Monopoly in the French Republic

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Legal Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The reforms of the market of professional legal aid in any country are intended to regulate and establish «the rules of the game», which will level the risks for the population and the state that arise due to poorquality legal aid. The consolidation of the legal market based on the bar (advocates’ monopoly) is a very common phenomenon in Europe, and in France in particular. The purpose of the article is to examine the experience of reforming the market of professional legal assistance and the establishment of the advocates’ monopoly in France. The article analyzes the impact of historical events and the socio-economic context on formation of the mentioned institution. For Russia, standing on the threshold of the reform of the market of professional legal services, it is important to take into account the international experience in order to avoid possible negative consequences. The author identifis the key stages of the development of the French bar, from the Middle ages to the present day, studies the circumstances that predetermined the formation of the advocates’ monopoly in France. It is concluded that its formation was carried out taking into account the main purpose of the bar – the provision of legal assistance to those in need.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Current Crisis Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Duralia Oana
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the extent to which the supply manages to adapt to the demands and changes in consumer behavior is key to the success of a business or, in the current economic context, to the survival of a business. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which the perception and attitude of the individual towards risk causes major changes in its purchasing behavior and, implicitly, to identify the tools of marketing with a favorable impact on the consumer, in the economic and social context generated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the fear and concern generated by the current economic and social crisis are visibly affecting both social behavior in general, and purchasing behavior in particular, finding effective ways to inform and communicate with consumers to facilitate their access to up-to-date and highly accurate information is essential both to meet the growing need for information in conditions of risk and uncertainty, and to guide the purchasing decision towards the best alternative for the consumer.

scholarly journals The Responsible Business:  Corporate Social Responsibility in the Recession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Isaac Jordan Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Business In Society ◽  
The Impact

<p>The 2008 financial crisis and recession crippled some of the largest businesses in the world and caused severe recession across the world. However, prior to the focus on economic recovery, social responsibility and sustainability were major themes in the business world and debate centred on the role of business in society. The key question and area for research was how the financial crisis affected this debate. This thesis uses the financial crisis to explore the role and responsibilities of business. This research is located firmly within the literature on business and society, where the key debates centre on the role of business and the scope of business responsibilities. The literature on social responsibility has a notable gap in the fact that it does not address the impact of economic context on social responsibilities. The methodology of this paper uses a set of twenty-one interviews. These interviews consisted of three sets of seven interviews with different participant groups for each set. The participant groups consisted of consumers, policy managers and business managers. These interviews were analysed for themes through the data analysis method of coding. The findings of this paper suggest that the role of business in society should be focused on the generation of profit and that the recession or other economic influences do not change this role. These findings also suggest that although businesses are responsible only for complying with the law, they should also satisfy their customers, engage in activities beneficial to their long term interest and avoid actions which cause harm to others or undermine the long term viability of the business. The findings also imply that neither economic context nor profit, changes these responsibilities. These findings make important theoretical and practical contributions. The theoretical contributions support the literature arguing for a limited scope on the role of business. They also argue in favour of social responsibilities being voluntary. The finding that economic context and profitability have no impact on responsibility is important in its own right, but also suggests that business responsibilities are static. This paper makes another contribution through models which are based on the findings. These models combine social responsibility with corporate strategy to show the concept of a responsible business and the difference between voluntary, compulsory and strategic responsibilities.</p>

The Inclusion-Moderation Thesis: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Tepe
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Inclusion Process ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radical Ideas

The inclusion-moderation thesis hinges on the idea that competitive electoral processes tame radical ideas thereby leading to the transformation of extremist parties into more moderate ones. The theory offers a causal process: as parties are included in their electoral systems, the competitive processes and negotiations move them from the tail end of their ideological spectrums to positions that are more acceptable to broader constituencies. While the theory offers an affirmative view of the incorporation of all parties to electoral competition, it poses many questions ranging from whether such transformations are inevitable or strategic to if and how inclusion leads to the capture of the entire political system by radical ideas. A review of the existing research shows that it pays more attention to parties' overall policy commitments and privileges the position of party leadership. Focusing on the overall impact of moderation much research disregards the impact of internal party dynamics, emphasizes the utility of centralization of power or hierarchical structures and their tendency to promote moderation. One of the paradoxical findings of such studies is the assumption that moderation does not require democracy yet still promotes democratic results. More important, the theory makes several assumptions about inclusion without carefully identifying how democratic the electoral context is, the ways in which voters stand in their respective political spectrums or how they reward and punish parties that subscribe to extremist or moderate positions. The evidence suggests that inclusion-moderation cannot be reduced to a mechanical process; the ideologies of extreme parties, the overall context of competition and electorates’ decision making processes need to be taken into account to understand if and how electoral inclusion can alter parties’ commitments and policies. Inclusion may lead not only to procedural adjustments, while keeping extremist ideologies in tact but also to ideational transformation that makes extremist parties more prone to recognize and negotiate with other groups. When the context is not democratic moderation might mean domestication of parties with what may appear to be “extremist” or “radical” in context thereby thwarting the overall democratization of the system. Some analyses also show exclusion may lead to the moderation of extremist parties. Given the contradictory evidence, the insights of the inclusion moderation model cannot serve as a one-size-fits all model but help to understand how the inclusion process works by presenting an ideal type for both party and electoral behavior while both conformity and divergence from the model offer important insight to democratic processes and democratization.

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